unit 3 anatomy - multiple choice
the mechanism by which glucose can enter the cytoplasm without expending ATP is via
a carrier protein
red blood cells are hemolysis when the cells are placed in contact with
a hypotonic solution
transmembrane potential is important in maintaining the integrity of a cell because
it greatly increases the cell's sensitivity to its environment
the most notable characteristic of the G0 phase of an interphase cell is that
it is not preparing for mitosis
most of the surface of the cell membrane consists of
lipids
the smooth ER has a variety of functions that center around the synthesis of
lipids and carbohydrates
the energy-producing process in the mitochondria involves a series of reactions in which ____ is consumed and ____ is generated
oxygen and carbon dioxide
passive or leakage channels within the cell membrane
permit water and ion movement at all times
because of its chemical-structural composition, the cell membrane is called a
phospholipid bilayer
structurally, the cell membrane is best described as a
phospholipid bilayer interspersed with proteins
major components of the cell membrane
phospholipids, proteins, glycolipids, and cholesterol
solutes cannot cross the lipid portion of a cell membrane because
the lipid tails of phospholipid molecules are highly hydrophobic and will not associate with water molecules
the process of cytokinesis refers to
the physical separation of the daughter cells
the reason that water soluble ions and molecules cannot enter certain regions of the cell membrane is because
the presence of hydrophobic tails on the interior of the membrane
one of the great advantages of moving materials by active transport is
the process is not dependent on a concentration gradient
the reason dead skin cells are usually shed in thick sheets rather than individually is because of
the strength of the links of the desmosomes
the rate that solute molecules are filtered depends on
their size, the force of the hydrostatic pressure, the rate at which water passes through the membrane
the combined and coordinated actions of many cells maintain homeostasis at the levels of the ...
tissue, organ, and organ system
the process in which RNA polymerase uses the genetic information to assemble a strand of mRNA is
transcription
true or false : cells are the smallest units that perform all vital physiological functions
true
if the DNA triplet is TAG, the corresponding codon on the mRNA strand will be
AUC
if the mRNA has the codons (GGG)-(GCC)-(AAU), it will bind to the tRNAs with anticodons
CCC-CGG-UUA
process of mitosis begins when the cell enters the
G0 phase
the correct sequence of the cell cycle beginning with interphase is
G0, G1, S, G2, Gm
the passive factor which helps to maintain the transmembrane potential is
K+ diffuse out of the cell faster than Na+ can enter and the interior of the cell develops an excess of negative charges
the replication of DNA occurs primarily during the
S phase
ions and other small water-soluble materials cross the plasma membrane only by passing through
a receptor protein
a sequence of 3 nitrogen bases can specify the identity of
a single amino acid
a solution that is hypotonic to cytoplasm has
a solute concentration lower than that of the cytoplasm
in the human body the process of phagocytosis is illustrated by
a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium
peroxisomes, which are smaller than lysosomes, are primarily responsible for
absorption and neutralization of toxins
all transport through the cell membrane can be classified as either
active or passive
major difference between diffusion and bulk flow is that when molecules move by bulk flow they move
as a unit in one direction
facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that
carrier proteins are involved
the building block of all plants and animals
cells
an injection of a concentrated salt solution into the circulatory system would result in
crenation of the red blood cells
isolating the cytoplasm from the surrounding fluid environment by the cell membrane is important because
cytoplasm has a composition different from the extracellular fluid and the differences must be maintained
the process of differentiation resulting in the appearance of characteristic cell specializations involves
gene activation or repression
during osmosis, water will always flow across a membrane toward the solution that has the
highest concentration of solutes
spreading process of a primary tumor is called __________, and the dispersion of malignant cells to establish a secondary tumor is called __________.
invasion, metastasis
the factor(s) that interact(s) to create and maintain the transmembrane potential is (are) the
membrane permeability for sodium, membrane permeability for potassium, presence of the Na-K exchange pump
the primary components of the cytoskeleton, which gives the cell strength and rigidity and anchors the position of major organelles, are
microtubules
approximately 95 percent of the energy needed to keep a cell alive is generated by the activity of the
mitochondria
membranous organelles
mitochondria, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes
as the cell life cycle proceeds, cyclin levels climb, causing the maturation promoting factor (MPF) to appear in the cytoplasm, initiating the process of
mitosis
the formation of a malignant tumor indicates that
mitotic rates of cells are no longer responding to normal control mechanisms
major functional difference between flagella and cilia is that flagella
move a cell through surrounding fluid
along the length of the DNA strand, information is stored in the sequence of
nitrogenous bases
ribosomal proteins and RNA are produced primarily in the
nucleolus
epsom salts exert a laxative effect due to the process of
osmosis
the four stages of mitosis in correct sequence are
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
the major factor that allows the nucleus to control cellular operations is through its
regulation of protein synthesis
membranous organelles differ from non membranous organelles in that membranous organelles are
surrounded by lipid membranes that isolate them from the cytosol
functions of the golgi apparatus
synthesis, storage, alteration, packaging
3 major functions of the endoplasmic reticulum are
synthesis, storage, transport
nucleoli are nuclear organelles that
synthesize the components of ribosomes
at the chromosome level, the number of cell division performed by a cell and its descendants is regulated by stuctures called
telomeres
the effect of diffusion in body fluids is that it
tends to eliminate local concentration gradients
the reason lysosomes are sometimes called "cellular suicide packets" is
the breakdown of lysosomal membranes can destroy a cell
homeostasis at the tissue, organ, system, and individual levels reflects
the combined and coordinated actions of many cells
regulation of exchange with the environment is an important function of the cell membrane because it controls
the entry of ions and nutrients, and the elimination of wastes