Unit 3 APUSH

Tariffs; excise taxes

definition:The first tariff law passed by the U.S. Congress, acting under the then recently ratified Constitution, was the Tariff of 1789. Its purpose was to generate revenue for the federal government (to run the government and to pay the interest on its debt), and also to act as a protective barrier around domestic industries.[1] An Import tax was collected by treasury agents before goods could be landed at U.S. ports. significance:

tea acts

definition:The principal objective was to reduce the massive amount of tea held by the financially troubled British East India Company in its London warehouses and to help the struggling company survive. A related objective was to undercut the price of illegal tea, smuggled into Britain's North American colonies significance:It was a terrible act laid upon the colonists and was very harsh. The British laid this act to enforce that they still had power and still were right.

Thomas jefferson

definition:Thomas Jefferson was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809 significance:He almost single-handedly wrote the Declaration of Independence and was a significant figure among the Founding Fathers.

Albany plan of union

definition:a plan to create a unified government for the Thirteen Colonies significance:The Albany Plan of Union was a plan written by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 for all 13 colonies to unite and fight as one power to win the French and Indian War.

Thomas paine; common sense

definition:advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies. Written in clear and persuasive prose, Paine marshaled moral and political arguments to encourage common people in the Colonies to fight for egalitarian government. significance: In of itself the fact that such diverse people could share the same vision the same words helped to unite the new nation.

john locke

definition:an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism significance:John Locke was a philosopher who held different more positive views of human nature He believed in natural rights of life, liberty, and property

federalist

definition:an advocate or supporter of federalism significance:The Federalist papers outlined the form of government preferred by the Federalists, including John Madison and Alexander Hamilton. Most of their program was enacted and established the foundations for the current US system of government.

battle of bunker hill

definition:during the Siege of Boston in the early stages of the American Revolutionary War. The battle is named after Bunker Hill in Charlestown, Massachusetts, which was peripherally involved in the battle. It during the Siege of Boston in the early stages of the American Revolutionary War. The battle is named after Bunker Hill in Charlestown, Massachusetts, which was peripherally involved in the battle. significance:The significance is that the Battle of Bunker Hill helped the American's gain confidence in their fighting and it lead them to the Revolutionary War.

bill of rights

definition:is the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution significance:The Bill of Rights is a list of fundamental rights of the citizens of the United States and serves to protect these rights from infringement by the government.

battle of saratoga

definition:marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign, giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War significance:That battle showed that an American Army could defeat and capture a British army

deism

definition:philosophical position that posits that a god does not interfere directly with the world significance:The reason why it is so important that they were deists is because it allowed them to be freethinkers at the same time. Deism is a very enlightened approach to the concept of there being a higher being.

second continental congress

definition:was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that started meeting in the spring of 1775 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It succeeded the First Continental Congress, which met in Philadelphia between September 5, 1774 and October 26, 1774. The Second Congress managed the Colonial war effort and moved incrementally towards independence, adopting the United States Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. significance:: 1) Put George Washington as Commander In Chief 2) Adopted the Declaration of Independence

battle of yorktown

definition:was a decisive victory by a combined force of American Continental Army troops led by General George Washington and French Army troops led by the Comte de Rochambeau over a British Army commanded by British peer and Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis. significance:Washington, commanding American and French forces, forced Cornwallis to surrender his entire British Army of the South there, effectively ending the Revolution.

stamp act congress

Definition: The Stamp Act Congress was a meeting held between October 7 and 25, 1765 in New York City, consisting of representatives from some of the British colonies in North America; it was the first gathering of elected representatives from several of the American colonies to devise a unified protest against new British taxation. Significance:The Stamp Act Congress was significant because it was the first document with a list of demands that the colonists created to present to the British government.

Committees of correspondence

Definition: an intercolonial committee organized 1772 by Samuel Adams in Massachusetts to keep colonists informed of British anticolonial actions and to plan colonial resistance or countermeasures Significance: It was the American colonies' means for maintaining communication lines in the years before the Revolutionary War

patriots

definition:Patriots were those colonists of the Thirteen Colonies who rebelled against British control during the American Revolution and in July 1776 declared the United States of America an independent nation significance:A patriot is a person who wholly supports his country and who is ready to protect it from any form of aggression

Pontiacs Rebellion

definition : was launched in 1763 by a loose confederation of elements of Native American tribes, primarily from the Great Lakes region, the Illinois Country, and Ohio Country who were dissatisfied with British postwar policies in the Great Lakes region after the British victory in the French and Indian War (1754-1763). Warriors from numerous tribes joined the uprising in an effort to drive British soldiers and settlers out of the region. Significance :Native American tribes fought to drive out British soldiers and settlers out of the Great Lakes region

coercive acts

definition:Properly known as the Restraining Acts, the Coercive Acts, as they were popularly known in England, were introduced in 1774 by the new government of Lord North, who acted with the direct encouragement of George III

northwest ordinance of 1787

definition:The Northwest Ordinance was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States, passed July 13, 1787 significance: established the ability of the U. S. government to expand westward.

proclamation of 1763

definition: After the French and Indian War in America, the British Empire began to tighten control over its rather autonomous colonies. This royal proclamation, which closed down colonial expansion westward, was the first measure to affect all thirteen colonies. In response to a revolt of Native Americans led by Pontiac, an Ottawa chief, King George III declared all lands west of the Appalachian Divide off-limits to colonial settlers significance: The end of the French and Indian War in 1763 was a cause for great celebration in the colonies, for it removed several ominous barriers and opened up a host of new opportunities

Washington's farewell address

definition: George Washington's Farewell Address is a letter written by first President of the United States George Washington to "friends and fellow-citizens significance:President George Washington announced his retirement in his celebrated Farewell Adress

king George |||

definition: He was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. significance: he pushed through a British victory in the Seven Years' War, led England's successful resistance to Revolutionary and Napoleonic France, and presided over the loss of the American Revolution.

Patrick Henry

definition: He was the one who said "Give me liberty, or give me death!" A Founding Father, he served as the first and sixth post-colonial Governor of Virginia, from 1776 to 1779 and from 1784 to 1786. Significance: He was one of the founding father

French and Indian war

definition: It pitted the colonies of British America against those of New France. Both sides were supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France, as well as by American Indian allies. significance: This resulted in France becoming more friendly to American revolutionaries against the English, resulting in a military alliance during the Revolutionary War.

Salutary neglect

definition: Salutary neglect is an American history term that refers to the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century British Crown policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep American colonies obedient to England. significance: after awhile it led to the American Revolution

national bank

definition: a bank chartered by the U.S. government and formerly authorized to issue notes that served as money. significance:The war left us in debt. Some states were bankrupt. We needed one unified currency ... Hamilton suggested a central bank.

Intolerable acts

definition: a series of laws passed by the British in 1774 in an attempt to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party Significance: It was a wake up call for the colonies. The acts included the closing of Boston harbor and the take over of all governmental activities by England

quartering act

definition: given to a minimum of two Acts of British Parliament in the local governments of the American colonies to provide the British soldiers with any needed accommodations and housing significance:The colonists did not react well tot he Quartering Act of 1765. They refused to provide British troops with shelter and food as they were told to do

Treaty of greenville

definition: it followed negotiations after the Native American loss at the Battle of Fallen Timbers a year earlier. It ended the Northwest Indian War in the Ohio Country and limited strategic parcels of land to the north and west. significance: The Treaty of Greenville 1795 established a clear boundary between Indian lands and lands open to white settlement. For the first time in it's young history the U.S. was able to govern all it's terrorties.

declaration of independence

definition: the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (Independence Hall) in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies,[2] then at war with the Kingdom of Great Britain, regarded themselves as thirteen independent sovereign states, no longer under British rule significance: it told the world that they were serious about breaking away from England.

anti-federalist

definition: to a movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the 1787 Constitution. significance:They helped to squeeze through ratification

constitutional convention

definition: took place from May 25 to September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Although the Convention was intended to revise the Articles of Confederation, the intention from the outset of many of its proponents, chief among them James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, was to create a new government rather than fix the existing one. The delegates elected George Washington to preside over the Convention. The result of the Convention was the creation of the United States Constitution, placing the Convention among the most significant events in the history of the United States. significance:In the summer of 1787, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, some of the most important decisions in the history of the United States were made

jay treaty

definition: was a 1795 treaty between the United States and Great Britain that averted war, resolved issues remaining since the Treaty of Paris of 1783 (which ended the American Revolutionary War), and facilitated ten years of peaceful trade between the United States and Britain in the midst of the French Revolutionary Wars, which began in 1792. significance: Jay's treaty regulated shipping and sailing among the U.S and Great Britain , it corrected the problems thus arose from the Treaty of Paris

judiciary act

definition: was a United States federal statute adopted on September 24, 1789, in the first session of the First United States Congress. It established the federal judiciary of the United States.[3][4][5][6] Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution prescribed that the "judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and such inferior Courts" as Congress saw fit to establish significance: The Judiciary Act of 1789, passed on September 24 of that year, established the Judicial Branch of government, with a Supreme Court and rudimentary federal court system.

three-fifths compromise

definition: was a compromise reached between delegates from southern states and those from northern states during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention. The debate was over whether, and if so, how, slaves would be counted when determining a state's total population for legislative representation and taxing purposes. The issue was important, as this population number would then be used to determine the number of seats that the state would have in the United States House of Representatives for the next ten years. significance: The three fifths compromise is a compromise that states three fifths of slave population would count as representation in congress and three fifths taxation of property

proclamation of neutrality

definition: was a formal announcement issued by U.S. President George Washington on April 22, 1793 that declared the nation neutral in the conflict between France and Great Britain. It threatened legal proceedings against any American providing assistance to any country at war significance: The Neutrality Proclamaion stated that the United States would not take sides with any European countries that were at war

French revolution

definition: was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire significance: The French Revolution wasn't a revolt of the peasants for better living conditions etc., it was a middle class revolution

sugar act

definition: was a revenue-raising act passed by the Parliament of Great Britain significance:The Sugar Act is an act passed by the British Parliament in 1764.It placed a tax of three cents on sugar that was bought by the American colonists

whiskey rebellion

definition: was a tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791 during the presidency of George Washington. The so-called "whiskey tax" was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by the newly formed federal government. It became law in 1791, and was intended to generate revenue for the war debt incurred during the Revolutionary War. significance: this was the first time that the own United States military used its forces on its own people. Therefore is known as a strong military

democratic- republican party

definition: was an American political party formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in 1791-93 to oppose the centralizing policies of the new Federalist Party run by Alexander Hamilton, who was secretary of the treasury and chief architect of George Washington's administration.The new party controlled the presidency and Congress, as well as most states, from 1801 to 1825, during the First Party System significance:

articles of confederation

definition: was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution.[1] Its drafting by a committee appointed by the Second Continental Congress began on July 12, 1776, and an approved version was sent to the states for ratification on November 15, 1777 significance:It was a document that was the predecessor to the Constitution and it made a very weak federal government with strong state governments

federalist party

definition: was the first American political party. It existed from the early 1790s to 1816; its remnants lasted into the 1820s. The Federalists called for a strong national government that promoted economic growth and fostered friendly relationships with Great Britain, as well as opposition to revolutionary France. The party controlled the federal government until 1801, when it was overwhelmed by the Democratic-Republican opposition led by Thomas Jefferson significance: After the Constitution was drafted in Philadelphia in 1787, those who favored ratification called themselves "Federalists"

revolution of 1800

definition: was the fourth quadrennial presidential election. It was held from Friday, October 31 to Wednesday, December 3, 1800. In what is sometimes referred to as the "Revolution of 1800 Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated President John Adams. significance: The American presidential election of 1800 has come to be known as the 'Revolution of 1800' because it resulted in a surprising

peace of Paris

definition: was the set of treaties which ended the American Revolutionary War significance: was important because it was the first document to officially recognize America as independent

alien and sedition acts

definition: were passed by the Federalist Congress in 1798 and signed into law by President Adams. These laws included new powers to deport foreigners as well as making it harder for new immigrants to vote. significance:

Kentucky and Virginia relsolution

definition: were political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799, in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional significance: Madison hoped that other states would register their opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts as beyond the powers given to Congress. The Kentucky Resolutions, authored by Jefferson, went further than Madison's Virginia Resolution and asserted that states had the power to nullify unconstitutional federal laws.

declaratory act

definition: which accompanied the repeal of the Stamp Act 1765 and the changing and lessening of the Sugar Act significance:As a result of the Declaratory Act, British Parliament began issuing several Acts against the United States, and the U.S. could do virtually nothing against them

jean-Jacques rousseau

definition:. His political philosophy influenced the Enlightenment in France and across Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the overall development of modern political and educational thought. significance:It was important because it provided influential radical arguments and, more important, extraordinarily powerful images and phrases, which were widely cited during the French Revolution

alexander hamilton

definition:Alexander Hamilton was an American statesman and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution significance:. He was . He was a founding father, the leader of the Federalist party, and he established a national bank. He was the first Secretary of the Treasury.

George Washington

definition:George Washington was an American politician and soldier who served as the first President of the United States from 1789 to 1797 and was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States significance:George Washington was the first president of the united states of America and he served his country with great pride and dedication

declaration of rights and grievances

definition:was a document written by the Stamp Act Congress and passed on October 14, 1765. It declared that taxes imposed on British colonists without their formal consent were unconstitutional. significance:The Declaration of Rights raised fourteen points of colonial protest. In addition to the specific protests of the Stamp Act taxes, it asserted that Only the colonial assemblies had a right to tax the colonies. (no taxation without representation). Trial by jury was a right, and the use of Admiralty Courts was abusive. Colonists possessed all the Rights of Englishmen. Without voting rights, Parliament could not represent the colonists.

first continental congress

definition:was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies who met from September 5 to October 26, 1774 at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania early in the American Revolution significance:The significance was the first concerted effort of American colonies to unite under a common cause towards secession from the British Crown

XYZ affair

definition:was a politic was a political and diplomatic episode in 1797 and 1798, early in the administration of John Adams, involving a confrontation between the United States and Republican France that led to an undeclared war called the Quasi-Warcal and diplomatic episode in 1797 and 1798, early in the administration of John Adams, involving a confrontation between the United States and Republican France that led to an undeclared war called the Quasi-War significance: The xyz affair was a confrontation between the U.S. and France. This led to an undeclared war named the Quasi War.

stamp act

definition:was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain that imposed a direct tax on the colonies of British America and required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper produced in London, carrying an embossed revenue stamp. significance:It is significant that in addition to simply arguing for their rights as Englishmen, they also asserted that they had certain natural rights solely because they were human beings.

the great compromise

definition:was an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution. It retained the bicameral legislature as proposed by Roger Sherman, along with proportional representation of the states in the lower house, but required the upper house to be weighted equally between the states. Each state would have two representatives in the upper house. significance:The Connecticut Compromise of 1787 in the United States, also known as the Great Compromise, was struck in the creation of legislative bodies. It joined the Virginia Plan, which favored representation based on population, and the New Jersey Plan, which featured each state being equal. Roger Sherman, from Connecticut, played a large role in constructing the compromise.

shay's rebellion

definition:was an armed uprising in Massachusetts during 1786 and 1787. Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays led four thousand rebels in an uprising against perceived economic and civil rights injustices significance:Shays' Rebellion exposed the imperfections of political, social and economic life in post-Revolutionary Massachusetts and the United States more broadly Shays' Rebellion exposed the imperfections of political, social and economic life in post-Revolutionary Massachusetts and the United States more broadly

Pinckney treaty

definition:was signed in San Lorenzo de El Escorial on October 27, 1795 and established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain. It also defined the border between the United States and Spanish Florida, and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River. significance:

loyalist

definition:were American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War

Townshend acts

definition:were a series of British acts passed beginning in 1776 and relating to the British American colonies in North America. significance:It was one of the acts from England that placed a tarrif or a tax on paper, wool, glass, paint, and lead.