Unit 3 Exam AP Classroom

All summer Thomas hears the sound of the icecream truck approaching before his brother Oscar hears it. Thomas most likely has which of the following? A.A lower absolute threshold for hearing than Oscar B.A greater difference threshold for hearing than Oscar C.A deficit in a sensory system other than hearing D.A greater amount of experience with approaching ice-cream trucks than Oscar E.A tendency for confabulation

A

It can be assumed that an individual described as a supertaster A.is a man B.represents a majority of the United States population C.has a low density of taste buds on the tongue D.is very sensitive to hot peppers E.learned to be a supertaster from others

D

People who live in environments with buildings with square corners and right angles are more susceptible to the Müller-Lyer illusion than are people who live in environments without such angles and corners. The difference in perception between the two groups of people reveals that A.a decrease in change blindness results from exposure to a carpentered world B.a decrease in depth perception in illusions results from regular exposure to linear perspective C.people in highly technological societies are generally less prone to visual illusions than are more primitive societies D.people develop perceptual hypotheses based on experiences in their lives E.people who are used to buildings with square corners are more likely to be affected by binocular depth cues

D

The coiled tube in the inner ear that contains the auditory receptors is called the A.semicircular canal B.ossicle C.pinna D.cochlea E.oval window

D

The place in the retina where the optic nerve exits to the brain is called the A.lens B.sclera C.fovea D.blind spot E.aqueous humor

D

Which of the following is a binocular cue for depth perception? A.Linear perspective B.Texture gradient C.Interposition D.Retinal disparity E.Motion parallax

D

Which of the following supports the opponent-process theory of color vision? A.Color constancy B.Feature detection C.Subtractive color mixing D.Afterimages E.Parallel processing

D

If Carmelita stares at a red spot for one minute and then shifts her gaze to a white piece of paper, she is likely to experience an afterimage that is A.green B.red C.blue D.violet E.black

A

Martin fell off his skateboard and badly bruised his elbow. He immediately began rubbing the area around the bruise until the pain subsided. This method of reducing pain can be explained by which of the following? A.Gate-control theory B.Opponent-process theory C.Trichromatic theory D.Expectancy theory E.Phantom pain

A

Tina is reading an important letter when she accidentally splashes water on the paper. The water has smudged a few words, but she is still able to understand what the letter says. This can be explained by A.top-down processing B.bottom-up processing C.parallel processing D.retinal disparity E.color constancy

A

When Kaylee's friends discovered she was going to have her tonsils removed, they told her she was going to be in a great deal of pain. After the surgery Kaylee reported that she was in a lot of pain, although most of her pain should have been alleviated by her pain medication. Given this scenario, which of the following best explains Kaylee's reporting of pain? A.Top-down processing B.Change blindness C.Biological preparedness D.Opponent-process theory E.Sensory adaptation

A

Which of the following explains transduction? A.The process by which sensory stimuli are converted into neural signals B.The degree of stimulation needed for a signal to be detected 50 percent of the time C.The difference in signal strength needed for that difference to be detected D.The process by which a person's eyes adapt to the dark E.The process by which a false negative is identified

A

Which of the following is the best example of the opponent process theory? A.Fred stares at a green book for a minute, and then when he looks at a white page, he sees the color red. B.The more time Stanley spends in the dark, the better he can see in the dark. C.Esther can see all the colors of the leaves during the autumn. D.When it gets brighter outside, Tyronne's pupils dilate. E.Frances's irises are a different color than Wendy's irises.

A

Which of the following is true of how the human eye detects the color red? A.It relies on only cones. B.It relies on only rods. C.It relies on both rods and cones. D.It occurs at the level of the pupil. E.It occurs at the level of the lens.

A

At the beginning of the school year, Juan had trouble paying attention in class because he was distracted by posters in the classroom. Midway through the semester, he could pay attention more easily because he no longer noticed the posters. His decreased attention to the posters is most likely related to A.signal detection B.habituation C.perceptual set D.the cocktail party effect E.visual capture

B

Latisha noticed that in the early evening she begins to have difficulty seeing the vibrant colors in her artwork. Which of the following best explains her difficulty? A.Her rods are functioning improperly and are not sensing color. B.Her cones cannot detect color well in dim light. C.Light adaptation prevents sensation of color. D.Lateral antagonism inhibits color sensation. E.Her optic chiasm is not correctly transferring color neural impulses.

B

Laura arrives at a park that is located very close to a factory that produces cookies. She immediately notices the strong odor of chocolate chip cookies, but after a while she no longer detects the smell of the cookies. This can best be explained by which of the following? A.Accommodation B.Sensory adaptation C.Weber's law D.Assimilation E.Phi phenomenon

B

People who are color blind most likely have deficiencies in their A.rods B.cones C.lens D.optic nerve E.occipital lobe

B

Receptors that are especially important for helping a person maintain balance are located in the A.gyrus cinguli B.inner ear C.tendons D.ossicles E.ligaments

B

Sensory transduction occurs in which of the following structures? A.Lens B.Cochlea C.Pinna D.Tympanic membrane E. Pupil

B

The ability to see a cube in the diagram above is best explained by which of the following? A.The resting potential of neurons in the optic nerve B.Gestalt principles of closure and continuity C.The inverted and reversed image that a visual stimulus produces on the retina D.The opponent process theory of vision E.The trichromatic theory of vision

B

The intensity at which a sound becomes audible for a given individual is known as the individual's A.contrast sensitivity B.absolute threshold C.response threshold D.critical frequency E.just noticeable difference

B

The most common form of color blindness is related to deficiencies in the A.blue-yellow system B.red-green system C.process of visual summation D.bipolar cells E.secretion of rhodopsin

B

The reversible figure above illustrates the Gestalt organizing principle of A.proximity B.figure-ground C.closure D.common fate E.simplicity

B

Which of the following statements about the perception of taste is true? A.Infants are not able to perceive taste differences until they are at least twelve months old. B.Older adults frequently experience decreases in the sense of smell that make it more difficult to perceive the flavor of food. C.The basilar membrane is responsible for sending messages about tastes from the tongue to the brain. D.The five primary taste qualities are spicy, sour, salty, bitter, and sweet. E.Taste receptors are located exclusively on the tip of the tongue.

B

While at a crowded gathering, Zach realized that his attention was being drawn away from his conversation every time a person nearby said the word "exactly." Zach's response is an example of A.the Gestalt principle of closure B.the cocktail party effect C.sensory adaptation D.bottom-up processing E.the just-noticeable difference

B

A person is asked to listen to a series of tones presented in pairs, and asked to say whether the tones in each pair are the same or different in pitch. In this situation the experimenter is most likely measuring the individual's A.sound localization ability B.dichotic listening ability C.difference threshold D.echoic memory E.attention span

C

As you watch a friend walk away from you, your retinal image of your friend gets smaller. Despite this, you do not perceive him to be shrinking. This is an example of A.motion parallax B.retinal disparity C.size constancy D.continuity E.common fate

C

Bob is concerned because his children have been eating too much of an expensive breakfast cereal, so he brings home a less expensive version that looks and tastes exactly the same to him. His children immediately notice that the new cereal is less sweet. Which of the following concepts best explains the conflicting perceptions of Bob and his children? A.Perceptual adaptation B.Sensory adaptation C.Difference threshold D. Signal-detection theory E.Absolute threshold

C

Dizziness is most closely associated with which of the following senses? A.Kinesthetic B.Auditory C.Vestibular D.Touch E.Olfactory

C

In vision, transduction occurs within the A.optic nerve B.visual cortex C.retina D.lens E.cornea

C

Negative afterimages are explained by A.the trichromatic theory B.color detection by rods C.the opponent-process theory D.a lack of adaptation E.dichromatic color perception

C

Scott lost his vision at a young age. When he was much older, he received a corneal transplant that allowed him to see again. After so many years of not being able to see, he had a very difficult time interpreting visual information such as faces and expressions. His visual problems most likely came from processing difficulties in the A.lens B.optic chiasm C.visual cortex D.fovea E.cornea

C

Gustatory receptors are sensitive to all of the following taste qualities EXCEPT A.bitter B.sweet C.salty D.spicy E.sour

D

A reason that one typically does not notice a blind spot in the visual field is that A.the blind spot is very small, and no visual stimuli are likely to be so small that the blind spot completely obscures them B.most visual stimuli affect only one visual hemisphere, and one hemisphere can cover for the other C.visual stimuli usually affect the occipital cortex in both hemispheres D.the blind spot habituates to a stimulus when the head is held still E.the brain fills in missing information so there is no awareness that the visual field is incomplete

E

A sound is often detected by one ear more intensely and a fraction of a second earlier than it is detected by the other ear. These cues help individuals determine the A.pitch of the sound wave B.timbre of the sound wave C.absolute threshold for sound perception D.frequency of the sound wave E.location of the source

E

An individual's ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called A.auditory localization B.dichotic listening C.deep processing D.divided attention E.selective attention

E

Balance is influenced by the A.cochlea B.basilar membrane C.eardrum D.auditory nerve E.semicircular canals

E

Consider the relationship between various body parts and the size of their corresponding somatosensory cortex areas in the brain. How does a body part relate to the devoted cortical area? A.The larger the body part, the larger the area of the somatosensory cortex. B.The closer the body part is to the brain, the smaller the area of the somatosensory cortex. C.The closer the body part is to the trunk, the larger the area of the somatosensory cortex. D.The more muscular the body part, the larger the area of the somatosensory cortex. E.The more sensitive the body part, the larger the area of the somatosensory cortex.

E

Observers watch a group of people passing a basketball back and forth. A researcher asks the observers to count the number of passes made. As they count passes, many of the observers fail to notice a person in a gorilla costume walking through the basketball court. Which of the following is the most likely reason many of the observers do not notice the person in the gorilla costume? A.Perceptual constancy B.Bottom-up processing C.The mere-exposure effect D.Sensory adaptation E.Inattentional blindness

E

The perceived pitch of a tone is largely determined by its A.loudness B.timbre C.amplitude D.complexity E.frequency

E

Using cell phones while driving increases the number of accidents because use of the phones requires A.perceptual constancy B.feature detection C.sensory adaptation D.blindsight E.selective attention

E

Which monocular depth cue is illustrated in the figure above? A.Accommodation B.Texture gradient C.Relative size D.Interposition E.Linear perspective

E