Unit 4 Psych

Even though it was nearly dark outside, Kaci could still tell that the basketball she was playing with was orange. Which of the following concepts is best illustrated in this example?

Color constancy

Which of the following refers to the photoreceptors responsible for color vision?

Cones

When Rocco views the image above, he sees it as a 13 when it is part of a larger number but as a B when it is part of a word. Rocco's response shows the importance of what perceptual concept?

Context effects

Which part of the brain receives messages from the hair-like receptors that are involved in the vestibular sense?

Cerebellum

Which scenario MOST clearly describes the effects of strong kenesthetic sense?

Being able to tell exact bodily position w/o looking at the body

Which of the following scenarios most clearly describes the effects of a strong kinesthetic sense?

Being able to tell exact bodily position without looking at the body

Feature detectors are neurons that are turned on or off by specific visual stimuli like edges and movement. Location?

Occipital cortex

After his friend said a new movie was the funniest he had seen in years, Willard found himself laughing throughout the viewing, even though the movie was not very funny. What concept is Willard demonstrating?

Perceptual set

The coiled tube in the inner ear that contains the auditory receptors is called

cochlea

It's dark outside. Jared could still tell his basketball was orange. What concept is illustrated?

color constancy

People who are color blind most likely have defeciences in their

cones

Eleanor Gibson was a key contributor for this key concept, developed @ Cornell in 1960

depth

Which is the correct path a neural impulse will follow through layers of the retina?

rods/cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve

An individual's ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called

selective attention

Using cell phones while driving increases the # of accidents bc use of cell phones require

selective attention

Balance is influenced by the

semicircular canals

Alessia is reading an important letter. She knocks over a water glass and smudge words but can still understand letters

top-down processing

Which study is a researcher who wants to draw correct cause-and-effect conclusions about the sense of smell likely to conduct?

A study in which the researcher randomly assigns 50 people to a group that is exposed to a strong smell of roses and 50 people to a group that experiences an odor-free environment to see whether the group exposed to the strong smell of roses reports experiencing more memories.

A researcher studied 30 people ages twenty to forty, 30 people ages forty-one to sixty, and 30 people ages sixty-one to eighty. The researcher set up two rooms—one with a faint rose smell, and one with a faint lemon smell. Each participant was asked to enter each room and identify the smell in the room. What research method did the researcher use, and what outcome would be found?

Cross-sectional. Middle-aged people have the strongest sense of smell.

Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in impairment of the kinesthetic sense?

Damage to the cerebellum

Which of the following refers to the just-noticeable difference between two stimuli?

Difference threshold

Domingo has just hit Play to begin listening to a new song he bought. Based on the structure of the ear, what will the sound waves contact first after moving through Domingo's auditory canal?

Eardrum

Which of the following is an example of shape constancy?

Even though the angle from which she viewed the table had changed, Elise still perceived the table as rectangular.

Cindy fell off a skateboard and hurt her elbow. She immediately rubbed that area. Reducing pain like this is

Gate-control theory

Damage to which of the following best explains conduction deafness?

Hammer, anvil, stirrup

Julia is practicing her trumpet and produces a loud sound. Which of the following is the best explanation for the loudness of the sound?

High amplitude

Jacob hits a very high note playing his flute. Which best explains why the pitch of the note sounds so high?

It has a short wavelength, high frequency

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates a context effect?

Jeannette does better on her exam when she takes it in the same room where she studies

Dan injured his eye in an accident and has to wear a patch over this eye. Which cue would he best us to judge distance

Linear perspective

In the figure above, what letter corresponds to the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain?

Optic nerve

In the figure above, what letter corresponds to the light-sensitive surface of the eye that contains photoreceptors?

Retina

A person with sight in only one eye lacks which of the following visual cues for seeing depth?

Retinal disparity

Hyrum is at a concert when a flute player hits a very high note at the end of a song. Which of the following best explains why the pitch of the note sounds so high?

Short wavelength, high frequency

Luis constructed a flip-book with 30 different still images of a cartoon cat. When Luis quickly flipped through successive images of the cat, the cat appeared to move. Which of the following concepts does the example illustrate?

Stroboscopic movement, because the book is a series of images presented at separate time intervals

Which of the following refers to the transformation of stimulus energy into neural impulses?

Transduction

Gestal Psychology is finding the "form in the whole"

True

The intensity at which a sound becomes audible for a given individual is known as the individual's

absolute threshold

The change in curvature of the lens that focus on objects at various distances is called

accommodation

When struck by light energy, cones & rods in the retina generate neural signals that activate the

bipolar cells

Asked to listen to a series of tones presented in pairs and asked to say whether tones in each pair similar or differ

difference threshold

If Lisa stares at a red spot for more than a minute and then looks at a white paper, what after image will she experince

green

The pitch of a sound is analogous to which of the following features of light?

hue

One- year old Melanie turns away in disgust if a bitter substance is placed on his tongue. Most likey because

inborn distaste for bitter that protects us from potential poison

Receptors that are especially important for helping a person maintain balance are located in the

inner ear

To study the effects of smoking on sense of smell, a researcher would most likely conduct a

longitudinal study on 100 smokers and a matched sample of 100 nonsmokers to determine whether the smokers' sense of smell declined more over time than the nonsmokers' did

David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel won the Nobel Prize for research of visual stimuli regarding...

many cortical cells respong most strongly to specific visual information

Negative afterimages are explained by

opponent-process theory

The most common form of color blindness is related to deficiencies in the

red-green system

In vision, transduction occurs within the...

retina

Matt was overhelmed by the sweet odor of baked goods on his first day. By lunchtime, doesn't notice the smell

sensory adaptation

Juliet has a cold, she can't taste her Chic-Fi-La. Which term describes her inability to taste?

sensory interaction

The thalamus processes information for all of the following senses EXCEPT

smell

Gustatory receptors are sensitive to all of the following taste qualities except

spicy

A subliminal stimulus is a stimulus

that falls below the threshold for conscious detection