UNIT 4 QUIZ 3 INNATE IMMUNITY
phagocytes squeeze between endothelial cells.
Diapedesis
Activates phagocytes, kills cells, destroys foreign substance when
Compliment (protein) enters tissues
kills pathogen by enzymatic action - Phagosome fuses with Lysosome (forms phagolysosome)
Digestion
response to cell damage to isolate potential spread and destroy foreign cells or substances
Inflammation
phagocytosis, engulfing of microbe - Phagosome forms in the cytoplasm of phagocyte during
Ingestion
immune responses that are present from birth and not learned, adapted, or permanently heightened as a result of exposure to micro-organisms
Innate immunity
toxins that kill WBC's
Leukocidins
is an increase in leukocyte number
Leukocytosis
destroy pathogen cells , mediate adaptive response (T cells), and produce antibodies (B cells)
Lymphocytes
mature into Macrophages (wandering and fixed) and Dendritic cells- phagocytosis and clean-up
Monocytes
Which of the following statements about fixed macrophages is FALSE?
They develop from neutrophils.
Cytokine storms negatively impact human health. T/F
True
Cytokines are protein-based chemical messengers that allow for communication between cells of the immune system.
True
Histamine causes increased blood flow and capillary permeability. T/F
True
Some microorganisms that are members of the normal microbiota are also known to cause disease. T/F
True
When blood vessels are constricted causing "chills", taking blood way from surface of body, body heats us. This is referred to as
Vasoconstriction
Margination refers to
adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels.
All of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT
antibody production
All of the following are components of the inflammatory process EXCEPT
antibody synthesis.
A chill is a sign that
body temperature is rising.
Lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause damage to the bacterial
cell wall.
involve secretions and products of cellular metabolism (lysozyme, acids, juices, sebum)
chemical barriers
moves mucus up and out of the respiratory system
ciliary excalator
Which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths?
eosinophils
Each of the following are defensive except
erythrocytes
All of the following are affects of histamine EXCEPT
fever
Each of the following provides microbe protection from phagocytic distruction EXCEPT
formation of phagolysosomes.
secrete sticky mucous that traps pathogen
goblet cells
The swelling associated with inflammation decreases when the fluid
goes into lymph capillaries.
A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went through her skin and she is bleeding. Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes?
phagocytosis in the inflammatory response
Innate immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT
production of antibodies
A differential cell count may be used to determine each of the following EXCEPT:
the number of red blood cells
produce histamine (allergic response)
Basophils
response to chemicals released by damaged cells
Chemotaxis
Complement proteins act as opsonins to give phagocytes something to grab on to. T/F
False
All of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT
HCI
Vasodilation causes which of the following?
Increase in blood flow to damaged tissue
Innate immunity
is nonspecific and present at birth.
intersistal fluid returns to circulatory system by vessels of
lymphatic system
deliver fluid back to blood vassels
lymphatics
Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity?
macrophages
Which non-specific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid?
mucociliary escalator — intestines
Infection occurs when
pathogens penetrate host defenses, enter tissues and multiply.
Infection occurs when:
pathogens penetrate host defenses, enter tissues and multiply.
Dilated vessels are more ________________, cells and soluble proteins like complement enter tissue (edema)
permeable
Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT
they produce lysozyme
All of the following occur during inflammation. What is the first step?
vasodilation
histidine (chemical released by damaged cells during inflammation) causes?
vasodilation (redness, increased permeability of blood vessels)