UNIT 4 QUIZ 3 INNATE IMMUNITY

phagocytes squeeze between endothelial cells.

Diapedesis

Activates phagocytes, kills cells, destroys foreign substance when

Compliment (protein) enters tissues

kills pathogen by enzymatic action - Phagosome fuses with Lysosome (forms phagolysosome)

Digestion

response to cell damage to isolate potential spread and destroy foreign cells or substances

Inflammation

phagocytosis, engulfing of microbe - Phagosome forms in the cytoplasm of phagocyte during

Ingestion

immune responses that are present from birth and not learned, adapted, or permanently heightened as a result of exposure to micro-organisms

Innate immunity

toxins that kill WBC's

Leukocidins

is an increase in leukocyte number

Leukocytosis

destroy pathogen cells , mediate adaptive response (T cells), and produce antibodies (B cells)

Lymphocytes

mature into Macrophages (wandering and fixed) and Dendritic cells- phagocytosis and clean-up

Monocytes

Which of the following statements about fixed macrophages is FALSE?

They develop from neutrophils.

Cytokine storms negatively impact human health. T/F

True

Cytokines are protein-based chemical messengers that allow for communication between cells of the immune system.

True

Histamine causes increased blood flow and capillary permeability. T/F

True

Some microorganisms that are members of the normal microbiota are also known to cause disease. T/F

True

When blood vessels are constricted causing "chills", taking blood way from surface of body, body heats us. This is referred to as

Vasoconstriction

Margination refers to

adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels.

All of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT

antibody production

All of the following are components of the inflammatory process EXCEPT

antibody synthesis.

A chill is a sign that

body temperature is rising.

Lysozyme and the antibiotic penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause damage to the bacterial

cell wall.

involve secretions and products of cellular metabolism (lysozyme, acids, juices, sebum)

chemical barriers

moves mucus up and out of the respiratory system

ciliary excalator

Which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths?

eosinophils

Each of the following are defensive except

erythrocytes

All of the following are affects of histamine EXCEPT

fever

Each of the following provides microbe protection from phagocytic distruction EXCEPT

formation of phagolysosomes.

secrete sticky mucous that traps pathogen

goblet cells

The swelling associated with inflammation decreases when the fluid

goes into lymph capillaries.

A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. The cut went through her skin and she is bleeding. Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes?

phagocytosis in the inflammatory response

Innate immunity includes all of the following EXCEPT

production of antibodies

A differential cell count may be used to determine each of the following EXCEPT:

the number of red blood cells

produce histamine (allergic response)

Basophils

response to chemicals released by damaged cells

Chemotaxis

Complement proteins act as opsonins to give phagocytes something to grab on to. T/F

False

All of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT

HCI

Vasodilation causes which of the following?

Increase in blood flow to damaged tissue

Innate immunity

is nonspecific and present at birth.

intersistal fluid returns to circulatory system by vessels of

lymphatic system

deliver fluid back to blood vassels

lymphatics

Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity?

macrophages

Which non-specific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid?

mucociliary escalator — intestines

Infection occurs when

pathogens penetrate host defenses, enter tissues and multiply.

Infection occurs when:

pathogens penetrate host defenses, enter tissues and multiply.

Dilated vessels are more ________________, cells and soluble proteins like complement enter tissue (edema)

permeable

Normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT

they produce lysozyme

All of the following occur during inflammation. What is the first step?

vasodilation

histidine (chemical released by damaged cells during inflammation) causes?

vasodilation (redness, increased permeability of blood vessels)