Unit 4 Test - Chapter 7 & 8

The long shaft of a bone such as the femur is called its ______.

diaphysis

If a person bent their foot at the ankle upward toward the shin, it would be an example of __________.

dorsiflexion

The junction between the diaphysis and epiphysis in a growing bone is called the _____.

epiphyseal disk

The part of the bone that the articular cartilage covers directly is the _____.

epiphysis

The attachments of the first seven ribs to the sternum can be considered synchondrosis joints. t or f

false

Turning the sole of the foot inward is an example of eversion. t or f

false

What type of joint is the sagittal suture?

fibrous

The movement that decreases the angle between two bones is called _____.

flexion

A soft spot in a newborn's skull is called a __________________

fontanel

Endochondral ossification involves ______, whereas intramembranous ossification involves ______.

forming bone by replacing hyaline cartilage; forming bone by replacing connective tissue

Which of these is comprised of fibrocartilage?

glenoidal labrum

A tooth in its socket is an example of a joint called a:

gomphosis

An excess of thyroid hormone can ______ bone growth by causing ______.

halt; premature ossification of the epiphyseal disks

Which of the following lists the steps of fracture repair in the correct sequence?

hematoma, granulation, tissue, callus

Which of these factors is not necessary for normal bone growth and development?

high fat diet

The elbow and phalanges contain _____ joints.

hinge

Which bone or bones do not belong to the axial skeleton?

hip bone

The articular ends of long bones are comprised of _____ tissue

hyaline cartilage

The articular ends of long bones contain a type of _____ tissue.

hyaline cartilage

Where in the body would it be possible to find a joint called a symphysis?

joint formed by two vertebrae and their intervertebral disk

Menisci are extra pieces of fibrocartilage that provide an extra cushion within the _____ joint.

knee

The largest and most complex joint is the _____.

knee

Another term for dislocation of a joint is _______

luxation

Which term is used to define a complete dislocation of a joint?

luxation

The hip is an example of a _____ joint.

ball-and-socket

The shoulder is an example of a _____ joint.

ball-and-socket

Which type of joint is the most mobile? The shoulder and hip are two examples of this type of joint.

ball-and-socket joint

Which of these joints is a gliding joint?

between bones of the wrist and ankle

When do secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphyses?

birth to five years

The ligaments that form a cross at the knee are called _____.

cruciate

The area of a bone that produces most of the hematopoietic tissue is the _____.

medullary cavity

Sex hormones stimulate ______, with estrogen being ______ than androgens.

ossification of epiphyseal disks; stronger

The cells responsible for removing excess bone tissue after the fracture repair process are

osteoclasts

The cells that tear down and remodel bone are the ________________.

osteoclasts

Vitamin D deficiency in an adult causes the condition known as _____.

osteomalacia

Compact bone is made up of _______________ cemented together.

osteons

The _____ allows a bone to increase its diameter during periods of growth.

periosteum

The outer covering of each bone, made from fibrous connective tissue, is called the ________________.

periosteum

Standing on your toes as in ballet, is an example of:

plantar flexion

The bursa located between the patella of the knee and the overlying skin is called the ____________ bursa.

prepatellar

An epiphyseal disk functions to

provide for growth in the length of bone by cartilage cells reproducing and then dying and becoming ossified.

Red bone marrow functions in the formation of

red and white blood cells, and platelets.

Several layers of cells reside within epiphyseal disks of developing long bones. Which layer is responsible for anchoring the disk to the bony epiphysis?

resting cells

The bones of the wrists and ankles are classified as

short bones

Inside the epiphyses of each long bone, mostly ________________ can be found.

spongy bone

Which of the following produce erythrocytes in an adult?

sternum

The parietal and temporal bones are joined by a _____.

suture

The skull bones are tightly joined along lines called

sutures

The two pubic bones are held together on the anterior surface by a _____ joint.

symphysis

What type of joint is between the bodies of the vertebrae?

symphysis

The special joint between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula is called a _____.

syndesmosis

Which of the following joints are the most complex?

synovial

The bursae resemble _____ in structure and are found around certain joints.

synovial membranes

The presence of an epiphyseal disk indicates that

the bone length is increasing

Which of the following is an example of an intramembranous bone?

the parietal bone of the skull

Where is a saddle joint found?

thumb base

Which bone developed by endochondral ossification?

tibia

Which of the following is an example of a gomphosis?

tooth-alveolus

Condyloid joints such as the metacarpal to phalange is also named ellipsoidal because of the shape of the socket. t or f

true

Dorsiflexion of the foot would be identical to plantar extension. t or f

true

Most of the skeleton in an embryo is cartilage. t or f

true

The connection between the diaphysis and epiphysis of a young bone can be considered a synchondrosis. t or f

true

The purpose for synovial fluid is to reduce the friction within joints and allow for an increased range of motion. t or f

true

Yellow bone marrow has lost its hematopoietic ability. t or f

true

The movement called _____ will move an appendage towards the midline of the body.

adduction

Joints that have some limited degree of movement are called _____.

amphiarthrotic

Which of the following does not belong with the others?

amphiarthrotic

An _____ is a condition of abnormal stiffness or fusion of bones at a joint.

ankylosis

Soccer and football players, who often turn and change directions suddenly are most likely to tear which knee ligament?

anterior cruciate ligament

How many bones are there in the adult body?

206

Vitamin _____ is required to produce the organic matrix that allows bones to be pliable or hold teeth in their sockets.

C

Primary ossification centers arise in the epiphyses of long bones. t or f

False

Yellow marrow functions in the formation of blood cells. T or F?

False

The center of each osteon contains the _____.

Haversian canal

Which of these statements is not true about intramembranous bones?

They begin with a cartilage model.

Osteoblasts are ______, whereas osteocytes are ______.

bone-forming cells; mature bone cells

The condition called _____ involves inflammation of a fluid filled sac outside of a joint.

bursitis

Spongy bone is also referred to as _____ bone.

cancellous

Another name for the wrist bones is ___________

carpals

The joint between the phalanges and metacarpals is a _____ joint.

condyloid