Unit 4 Test - Chapter 7 & 8
The long shaft of a bone such as the femur is called its ______.
diaphysis
If a person bent their foot at the ankle upward toward the shin, it would be an example of __________.
dorsiflexion
The junction between the diaphysis and epiphysis in a growing bone is called the _____.
epiphyseal disk
The part of the bone that the articular cartilage covers directly is the _____.
epiphysis
The attachments of the first seven ribs to the sternum can be considered synchondrosis joints. t or f
false
Turning the sole of the foot inward is an example of eversion. t or f
false
What type of joint is the sagittal suture?
fibrous
The movement that decreases the angle between two bones is called _____.
flexion
A soft spot in a newborn's skull is called a __________________
fontanel
Endochondral ossification involves ______, whereas intramembranous ossification involves ______.
forming bone by replacing hyaline cartilage; forming bone by replacing connective tissue
Which of these is comprised of fibrocartilage?
glenoidal labrum
A tooth in its socket is an example of a joint called a:
gomphosis
An excess of thyroid hormone can ______ bone growth by causing ______.
halt; premature ossification of the epiphyseal disks
Which of the following lists the steps of fracture repair in the correct sequence?
hematoma, granulation, tissue, callus
Which of these factors is not necessary for normal bone growth and development?
high fat diet
The elbow and phalanges contain _____ joints.
hinge
Which bone or bones do not belong to the axial skeleton?
hip bone
The articular ends of long bones are comprised of _____ tissue
hyaline cartilage
The articular ends of long bones contain a type of _____ tissue.
hyaline cartilage
Where in the body would it be possible to find a joint called a symphysis?
joint formed by two vertebrae and their intervertebral disk
Menisci are extra pieces of fibrocartilage that provide an extra cushion within the _____ joint.
knee
The largest and most complex joint is the _____.
knee
Another term for dislocation of a joint is _______
luxation
Which term is used to define a complete dislocation of a joint?
luxation
The hip is an example of a _____ joint.
ball-and-socket
The shoulder is an example of a _____ joint.
ball-and-socket
Which type of joint is the most mobile? The shoulder and hip are two examples of this type of joint.
ball-and-socket joint
Which of these joints is a gliding joint?
between bones of the wrist and ankle
When do secondary ossification centers appear in the epiphyses?
birth to five years
The ligaments that form a cross at the knee are called _____.
cruciate
The area of a bone that produces most of the hematopoietic tissue is the _____.
medullary cavity
Sex hormones stimulate ______, with estrogen being ______ than androgens.
ossification of epiphyseal disks; stronger
The cells responsible for removing excess bone tissue after the fracture repair process are
osteoclasts
The cells that tear down and remodel bone are the ________________.
osteoclasts
Vitamin D deficiency in an adult causes the condition known as _____.
osteomalacia
Compact bone is made up of _______________ cemented together.
osteons
The _____ allows a bone to increase its diameter during periods of growth.
periosteum
The outer covering of each bone, made from fibrous connective tissue, is called the ________________.
periosteum
Standing on your toes as in ballet, is an example of:
plantar flexion
The bursa located between the patella of the knee and the overlying skin is called the ____________ bursa.
prepatellar
An epiphyseal disk functions to
provide for growth in the length of bone by cartilage cells reproducing and then dying and becoming ossified.
Red bone marrow functions in the formation of
red and white blood cells, and platelets.
Several layers of cells reside within epiphyseal disks of developing long bones. Which layer is responsible for anchoring the disk to the bony epiphysis?
resting cells
The bones of the wrists and ankles are classified as
short bones
Inside the epiphyses of each long bone, mostly ________________ can be found.
spongy bone
Which of the following produce erythrocytes in an adult?
sternum
The parietal and temporal bones are joined by a _____.
suture
The skull bones are tightly joined along lines called
sutures
The two pubic bones are held together on the anterior surface by a _____ joint.
symphysis
What type of joint is between the bodies of the vertebrae?
symphysis
The special joint between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula is called a _____.
syndesmosis
Which of the following joints are the most complex?
synovial
The bursae resemble _____ in structure and are found around certain joints.
synovial membranes
The presence of an epiphyseal disk indicates that
the bone length is increasing
Which of the following is an example of an intramembranous bone?
the parietal bone of the skull
Where is a saddle joint found?
thumb base
Which bone developed by endochondral ossification?
tibia
Which of the following is an example of a gomphosis?
tooth-alveolus
Condyloid joints such as the metacarpal to phalange is also named ellipsoidal because of the shape of the socket. t or f
true
Dorsiflexion of the foot would be identical to plantar extension. t or f
true
Most of the skeleton in an embryo is cartilage. t or f
true
The connection between the diaphysis and epiphysis of a young bone can be considered a synchondrosis. t or f
true
The purpose for synovial fluid is to reduce the friction within joints and allow for an increased range of motion. t or f
true
Yellow bone marrow has lost its hematopoietic ability. t or f
true
The movement called _____ will move an appendage towards the midline of the body.
adduction
Joints that have some limited degree of movement are called _____.
amphiarthrotic
Which of the following does not belong with the others?
amphiarthrotic
An _____ is a condition of abnormal stiffness or fusion of bones at a joint.
ankylosis
Soccer and football players, who often turn and change directions suddenly are most likely to tear which knee ligament?
anterior cruciate ligament
How many bones are there in the adult body?
206
Vitamin _____ is required to produce the organic matrix that allows bones to be pliable or hold teeth in their sockets.
C
Primary ossification centers arise in the epiphyses of long bones. t or f
False
Yellow marrow functions in the formation of blood cells. T or F?
False
The center of each osteon contains the _____.
Haversian canal
Which of these statements is not true about intramembranous bones?
They begin with a cartilage model.
Osteoblasts are ______, whereas osteocytes are ______.
bone-forming cells; mature bone cells
The condition called _____ involves inflammation of a fluid filled sac outside of a joint.
bursitis
Spongy bone is also referred to as _____ bone.
cancellous
Another name for the wrist bones is ___________
carpals
The joint between the phalanges and metacarpals is a _____ joint.
condyloid
