Unit 4B

controversial

arousing argument, dispute, or disagreement

spirited

full of life and vigor; courageous

virtual

having a certain force or effect in fact but not in name

dishearten

to discourage

procure

to obtain through special effort; to bring about

void

(adj.) completely empty; having no legal force or effect; (n.) empty or unfilled space; (v.) to cancel or nullify

malignant

(adj.) deadly, extremely harmful, evil; spiteful, malicious

hostile

(adj.) unfriendly; unfavorable; warlike, aggressive

buffoon

(n.) a clown; a coarse, stupid person

inflict

(v.) to give or cause something unpleasant, impose