Unit 5: Boating Emergencies

¡Supera tus tareas y exámenes ahora con Quizwiz!

you cannot get out of the water quickly

act to protect against rapid heat loss by slowing heat loss if

an exhaust component failure

any change in exhaust sound can indicate

electrically grounded

boats are vulnerable to lightning if not

- visual distress signals - VHF Marine Radio - cell phone - Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB)

equipment on board needed to summon help

10 minutes

how long do you have to save yourself after falling into cold water

swim - on your back - with your upper arms against the sides of your chest - your thighs together - your knees bent - Flutter-kick with your lower legs

how to conserve energy and minimize movement if you have to swim

P: Pull pin. A: Aim at base of fire. S: Squeeze handle. S: Sweep side to side.

how to use fire extinguisher (PASS)

reduce hypothermia.

in cold water, float rather than tread to

intership safety communications.

purpose of VHF marine radio Channel 6

head for the nearest shore that is safe to approach

when you first see the signs of a storm

downwind fire

- fire is at the back: head into the wind - fire is at the front: put the stern into the wind

treating victims of cold water immersion

- get the victim out of the water as soon as possible - place them in a horizontal position. - prevent further heat loss - treat the hypothermia victim gently and to your level of training - be prepared to provide basic life support - seek medical help immediately

profile of a typical U.S. boating fatality

- someone not wearing a PFD falls overboard and drowns - a vessel capsizes and someone drowns - a vessel strikes another vessel or fixed object, and the occupants are fatally injured or drown due to injuries

VHF-FM radio stations / frequencies that broadcast National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) weather reports

162.400 MHz 162.425 MHz 162.450 MHz 162.475 MHz 162.500 MHz 162.525 MHz 162.550 MHz

Stage 1: Initial "cold shock" Stage 2: Short-term "swim failure" Stage 3: Long-term immersion hypothermia Stage 4: Post-immersion collapse

4 Stages of Cold Water Immersion

Try to reboard your boat, even if it is swamped or capsized, or anything else that is floating.

After you fall into cold water, focus on locating and getting everyone out of the water quickly before you lose full use of your hands, arms, and legs.

seasickness or intoxication

CO poisoning is often confused with

this position protects the body's three major areas of heat loss

Heat Escape Lessening Posture position

1. Transmit "MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY." 2. Say "This is (name of boat three times, call letters once)." 3. Repeat once more "MAYDAY" and your vessel's name. 4. Report your location. 5. Report the nature of your emergency. 6. Report the kind of assistance needed. 7. Report the number of people on board and condition of any injured. 8. Describe the vessel and its seaworthiness. 9. Wait for a response. If there is none, repeat the message.

How to issue a MAYDAY call on Channel 16 of your VHF radio

loss of consciousness and death, with or without drowning

Hypothermia eventually leads to

1. Reduce speed 2. Toss the victim a PFD 3. Turn your boat around and slowly pull alongside the victim 4. Approach the victim from downwind or into the current, whichever is stronger 5. Stop the engine 6. Pull the victim on board over the stern keeping the weight in the boat balanced, especially in small boats

If someone on your boat falls overboard, you need to immediately:

Treading water will cause you to lose body heat faster.

If your boat remains afloat, try to reboard or climb onto it in order to get as much of your body out of the cold water as possible.

Always keep your shoulders between the gunwales.

Keep centered in the boat with your center of gravity low in the boat.

- make sure everyone has a PFD on and that is is secured - passengers should sit on the vessel floor close to the centerline

Preparation of passengers for severe weather

- slow down - close all hatches, windows, and doors to reduce the chance of swamping - stow any unnecessary gear - turn on your boat's navigation lights - keep bilges free of water - be prepared to remove water by bailing - if there is lightning, disconnect all electrical equipment. Stay as clear of metal objects as possible

Preparation of the boat to handle severe weather

Channel 22

VHF Marine Radio channel for communications between the Coast Guard and the maritime public, both recreational and commercial. Severe weather warnings, hazards to navigation, and other safety warnings are broadcast on this channel

Channel 70

VHF Marine Radio channel for digital selective calling "alert channel."

Channel 16

VHF Marine Radio channel for distress and safety calls to Coast Guard and others, and to initiate calls to other vessels; often called the "hailing" channel. (Some regions use other channels as the hailing channel. For example, the Northeast uses Channel 9.) When hailing, contact the other vessel, quickly agree to another channel, and then switch to that channel to continue conversation

Channel 6

VHF Marine Radio channel for intership safety communications.

Channel 24-28

VHF Marine Radio channel for public telephone calls (to marine operator)

Channel 13

VHF Marine Radio channel strictly for navigational purposes by commercial, military, and recreational vessels at bridges, locks, and harbors

foul weather approaching

a decreasing barometer indicates

good weather

a rising barometer indicates

a bucket

acceptable substitute for a sea anchor during a storm

- more effective for marine communications than CB radios - they have more consistent reception than mobile phones - no license is needed when used in recreational boats - they withstand rough weather - boat-mounted radios are wired to the boat's battery - the source of a VHF signal can be located so that you can be found even in fog

advantages of VHF marine radios

Channel 16, the emergency channel

always monitor this VHF marine channel when operating your boat

one-watt setting

always use this energy setting on your VHF marine radio, except in an emergency or if your signal is too weak

regular maintenance

an inflatable PFD is a mechanical device so it requires

barometer

an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure

carbon monoxide (CO)

an invisible, odorless, tasteless gas that is produced when a carbon-based fuel burns

77° Fahrenheit

cold make the victim as comfortable and safe as possible until medical personnel arrive

25 times faster

cold water robs the body of heat how much faster than cold air

teak surfing

dragging or water-skiing within 20 feet of a moving vessel (can be fatal)

CO2 cylinder

each inflatable PFD has like

- glare of the sun - heat of the sun - motion of the vessel caused by wind and waves - noise of the engine - vibration of the engine

examples of boating stressors

- jon boat - canoe - boat with low sides

examples of small boats of open design

after heavy rainfall

floating debris is more common...

inlets and bays

fog creates the most problems in which bodies of water

- allow fresh air to circulate throughout the boat at all times, even during bad weather - keep away from your engine and generator exhaust outlets - never sit on the back deck, "teak surf," or hang on the swim platform while the engines are running - don't enter areas under swim platforms - ventilate immediately if exhaust fumes are detected on the boat - install and maintain CO detectors inside your boat

how to protect yourself and people on your boat from CO poisoning

- stay as motionless as possible, protecting the high heat loss areas of your body - keep your head and neck out of the water - stay close to the boat - if alone, use the HELP position - if there are others in the water with you, huddle together

how to slow heat loss

Row

if a rowboat is available, get to the victim and then use an oar or paddle to pull the victim to the stern. Let the victim hold onto the stern as you paddle to shore. If the victim is too weak, hold onto him or her until help arrives. If using a powerboat, stop the engine and glide to the victim from the downwind side

it may be best to ride it out in open water rather than try to approach the shore in heavy wind and waves

if already caught in a storm

1. Stop the boat 2. Have everyone put on a PFD 3. Position the boat so that the fire is downwind 4. Shut off fuel supply if fire is near engine 5. Aim extinguisher at base of the flames, sweep back and forth (PASS) 6. Get help from VHF marine radio

if fire erupts on your boat

traveling toward the boat. If you can't reach the USCG, assist the other boat to the best of your ability while not placing yourself or your passengers in danger

if no one is answering another boat's distress call on Channel 16, try to reach the USCG while

all gasoline-powered generators with transom exhaust ports must be off

if persons are using a swim platform or are close to the stern

drop a "sea anchor" on a line off the bow to keep the bow headed into the wind and reduce drifting while you ride out the storm

if the engine stops during a storm

to prevent your boat from drifting into dangerous areas

if the sea anchor is not sufficient, anchor using your conventional anchor

Throw

if the victim is too far away to reach and a boat isn't handy, toss the victim a PFD or anything else that will float

a MAYDAY call on Channel 16

if you have a life-threatening emergency, have everyone put on life jackets and issue a call using your VHF radios for

45 degrees

in a storm, head the bow into the waves at an angle of

symptoms of hypothermia

in order of severity - Shivering, slurred speech, blurred vision - Bluish lips and fingernails - Loss of feeling in extremities - Cold, bluish skin - Confusion - Dizziness - Rigidity in extremities - Unconsciousness - Coma - Death

16 and older

inflatable PFDs are approved only for people

three points of contact

keeping both hands and one foot OR both feet and one hand in contact with the boat at all times

falling overboard and drowning

major cause of fatalities for small boats

major

make the victim as comfortable and safe as possible until medical personnel arrive if the injury is

men 26-50 years old who have been boating for years and likely know how to swim

most common victims of boating fatalities

boating stressors

natural stressors that make you tire more rapidly when on the water—regardless of your age or level of fitness

- gasoline - oil - grease - electrical

never use water on which type of fires

Channel 68 Channel 69

non-emergency VHF marine radio channels

ultraviolet radiation from the sun

over time, the synthetic materials of your PFD will be broke down by

strictly for navigational purposes by commercial, military, and recreational vessels at bridges, locks, and harbors

purpose of VHF marine radio Channel 13

distress and safety calls to Coast Guard and others, and to initiate calls to other vessels; often called the "hailing" channel. (Some regions use other channels as the hailing channel. For example, the Northeast uses Channel 9.) When hailing, contact the other vessel, quickly agree to another channel, and then switch to that channel to continue conversation

purpose of VHF marine radio Channel 16

communications between the Coast Guard and the maritime public, both recreational and commercial. Severe weather warnings, hazards to navigation, and other safety warnings are broadcast on this channel

purpose of VHF marine radio Channel 22

public telephone calls (to marine operator)

purpose of VHF marine radio Channel 24-28

recreational vessel radio channels and ship to coast

purpose of VHF marine radio Channel 68, 69, 71

digital selective calling "alert channel."

purpose of VHF marine radio Channel 70

communications between vessels (commercial and recreational), and ship to coast (calling channel in designated USCG Districts)

purpose of VHF marine radio Channel 9

the PFD is inflated

replace the CO2 cylinder in an inflatable PFD every time

- thirst - dry mouth - sleepiness - irritability - weakness - dizziness - headache

signs of dehydration

- rust - black streaking - water leaks - corroded or cracked fittings - burns in rubber exhaust hoses - deterioration of rubber exhaust hoses

signs of leaks from exhaust system components

- the wearer falls into the water - others require the wearer to pull a cord

some inflatable PFDs are designed to inflate when

- gasoline engines - gas generators - cooking ranges - heaters

sources of CO on your boat

Stage 2: Short-term "swim failure"

stage in cold water immersion that occurs 3-30 minutes following immersion in cold water. - muscles and nerves in the arms and legs cool quickly - manual dexterity, hand grip strength, and speed of movement all can drop by 60% - 80% - death occurs by drowning

Stage 4: Post-immersion collapse

stage in cold water immersion that occurs during or after rescue. Once rescued, after you have been immersed in cold water, you are still in danger from collapse of arterial blood pressure leading to cardiac arrest. Also, inhaled water can damage your lungs, and heart problems can develop as cold blood from your arms and legs is released into the core of your body

Stage 1: Initial "cold shock"

stage in cold water immersion that occurs in the first 3-5 minutes of immersion in cold water. Sudden immersion into cold water can cause (can result in inhalation and drowning) - immediate, involuntary gasping - hyperventilation - panic - vertigo (can result in death) - sudden change in blood pressure - heart rate - heart rhythm

Stage 3: Long-term immersion hypothermia

stage in cold water immersion that sets in after 30 minutes, at a rate depending on water temperature, clothing, body type, and your behavior in the water - cold water robs the body of heat 25 times faster than cold air - Hypothermia occurs - Hypothermia eventually leads to loss of consciousness and death, with or without drowning

Go

swimmers without lifesaving training should not swim to a victim. Instead, get help. If you must swim, take along anything that floats to keep between you and the victim

as a last resort

swimming to shore should be considered only

- irritated eyes - headache - nausea - weakness - dizziness

symptoms of CO poisoning

death

the colder the water, the greater the chance of

west

the direction from which most bad weather arrives

- height of the antenna AND the - power of the radio

the distance for sending and receiving messages on VHF marine radios is limited by the

Channel 16

the distress channel for VHF marine radios

get as much of your body out of the water as possible

the most important thing to try to do during cold water immersion

risk management

the process of recognizing and acting upon accident warning signs or minimizing the effects of an accident if it does occur

PWCs

these vessels should head directly into the waves during a storm

another vessel's exhaust

this can can emit carbon monoxide into the cabin and cockpit of your vessel from a vessel alongside you

blocked exhaust outlets

this can cause carbon monoxide to accumulate in the cabin and cockpit area

slow speed / idling

this causes carbon monoxide to accumulate in the cabin, cockpit, and rear deck

station wagon effect

this causes carbon monoxide to accumulate inside the cabin and cockpit if you are operating the vessel at a high bow angle, if there is an opening that draws in exhaust, or if protective coverings are used when the vessel is underway

Very High Frequency (VHF) marine radio

this device has channels that are reserved for distress calls and are monitored continuously by the USCG

1/3 of the amount of alcohol on land

this fraction of the amount of alcohol it takes to make a person legally intoxicated on land can make a boater equally intoxicated on the water

shut of the fuel supply

this must be done quickly if the fire is in an engine space

Hypothermia

this occurs when your body loses heat faster than it produces it, cooling the organs in the core of your body

90%

this percentage of drowning victims are not wearing a life jacket

10%

this percentage of drowning victims were wearing a proper PFD

Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB)

this satellite device is designed to quickly and reliably alert rescue forces, indicate an accurate distress position, and guide rescue units to the distress scene, even when all other communications fail

during the temperature changes of the early morning or evening hours

time of day when fog typically forms

1. Count the number of seconds between the flash of lightning and the clap of thunder 2. Divide the number of seconds by five

to determine the distance you are from an approaching thunderstorm (in miles)

Reach

to extend a fishing rod, branch, oar, towel, or other object to the victim and pull him or her to safety. If nothing is available, lie flat on the dock and grab the victim's hand or wrist, and pull him or her to safety

on the vessel floor close to the centerline

to make the boat more stable, where should the passengers sit in the presence of severe weather

bailing

to remove water by scooping it out with a bucket

every 15-20 minutes

to stay hydrated, drink water at what time intervals

minor

treat it immediately if an injury is

- Reach - Throw - Row - Go

try to talk to people who fall in while you are on a dock. If they are unable you should

- looks like a pair of suspenders - a belt pack that looks like a small fanny pack

two styles of inflatable life jackets

sailboats

type of boats that are particularly vulnerable to lightning

grounded vessel (runs aground)

vessel when it is stuck on the bottom

every hour

weather reports by NOAA are updated this often

- remain silent - listen - write down information about the boat in distress - listen if the USCG or other rescue authority responds to their distress call

what to do if you hear MAYDAY call on Channel 16 try to reach the USCG while traveling toward the boat

1. Check for leaks. If there are no leaks, try to get loose 2. Don't put the boat in reverse. 3. Stop the engine 4. Lift the outdrive. 5. Shift the weight to the area farthest away from the point of impact. 5. Try to shove off from the rock, bottom, or reef with a paddle or boathook. 6. Check to make sure your boat is not taking on water.

what to do if you run aground

swamping

when a powerboat turns its stern to the waves, the boat is more vulnerable to

20 ft. away

when another vessel near you is running a generator or engine, your vessel should be at least

keep the weight in the boat balanced

when pulling someone on board make sure to

safety typically looks closer than it actually is

why is staying with the boat is always a better choice than swimming

rescuers can spot a group more easily than individuals

why stay in a group when stranded in water

a weather change

wind direction shifts indicates

Small Craft Advisory

winds: 21 - 33 knots / 24 - 38 mph create conditions considered dangerous to small vessels

Gale Warning

winds: 34 - 47 knots / 39 - 54 mph

Storm Warning

winds: 48+ knots / 55+ mph. tropical cyclone: winds of 48 - 63 knots

Hurricane Warning

winds: 64+ knots / 74+ mph and above connection with a hurricane

to the waves

without power, a powerboat usually will turn its stern

removing the CO2 cylinder and orally inflating the PFD

you can check that an inflatable PFD has no leaks by

- on PWCs - water-skiing

you can't wear inflatable PFDs while

10-15 minutes

you lose dexterity this long after cold water immersion

- fuel - oxygen - heat

3 ingredients require to ignite a fire

If you must move, maintain three points of contact.

If possible, don't move about the boat.

very high frequency

VHF

Channel 9

VHF Marine Radio channel for communications between vessels (commercial and recreational), and ship to coast (calling channel in designated USCG Districts)

Channel 68, 69, 71

VHF Marine Radio channel for recreational vessel radio channels and ship to coast


Conjuntos de estudio relacionados

Elections and Political Participation Vocabulary

View Set

ATI Engage Fundamentals PN foundational concepts of nursing practice patient centered care

View Set

Hematology Test Review Questions

View Set

Social Studies Ch.2 lesson 1-3 ;)

View Set

Daddy-Positive Organizational Behavior and Psychological Capital- Ch 7

View Set

Human Sexuality: The Sex Hormones

View Set

Chapter 2: Company and Marketing Strategy

View Set

Chapter 15 - Job Search and Resumes

View Set

Primerica: Types of Life Policies

View Set