Unit 5 Chapter 15

When Quentin was walking on the beach with his father, he believed that he had to walk in his father's footsteps in order to prevent the sun from burning his father. False beliefs such as this are considered:

DELUSIONS.* hallucinations. rumination. mania.

Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff's personality?

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder* narcissistic personality disorder schizoid personality disorder histrionic personality disorder

According to the textbook, which of these events would have the highest likelihood of causing posttraumatic stress disorder?

reading about the death of dozens of people in a terrible airplane crash a fire to one's home that left no remains surviving a hurricane that destroyed a city being assaulted and robbed of your cash and credit cards*

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

Determinants of Social Mental Disorders Determining Statistical Manifestation of Disorders Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders* International Classification of Diseases

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and worry that is accompanied by disturbances in behaviors.

Dissociative Personality Anxiety* Affective

Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory?

Rochelle is in an earthquake and many of her friends die, so she becomes depressed. Rochelle stops taking her medication because she does not think medication will help her depression. Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it, this leads her to become depressed.* Rochelle is depressed, so she thinks terrible things will happen.

Which of the following is the best example of a compulsion?

Will cannot stop thinking about the exam that he has in chemistry tomorrow. Luke is wearing a bandage for longer than needed to make sure his cut is fully healed. Jordy locks his door exactly nine times every time he leaves the house to make sure it is locked.* Jean wears both sunglasses and a hat to keep the sun out of her eyes.

Schizophrenia is defined as:

a mood disorder characterized by mood states that vacillate between depression and mania. instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood, as well as impulsivity; key features include intolerance of being alone and fear of abandonment, unstable relationships, unpredictable behavior and moods, and intense and inappropriate anger. A SEVERE DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY MAJOR DISTURBANCES IN THOUGHT, PERCEPTION, EMOTION, AND BEHAVIOR WITH SYMPTOMS THAT INCLUDE HALLUCINATIONS, DELUSIONS, DIORGANIZED THINKING AND BEHAIOT, AND NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS.* the tendency to experience intrusive and unwanted thoughts and urges and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts in response to the unwanted thoughts and urges.

Those symptoms that involve noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives in those afflicted with schizophrenia are called ________ symptoms.

absentee positive negative* invisible

Which brain region is believed to play a critical role in the development of symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

anterior cortex orbitofrontal cortex* cingulate cortex prefrontal cortex

Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________?

asymptomatic reoccurring every few months episodic* limited in duration to a few weeks

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders?

feeling sad and hopeless over a long period of time memory loss becoming split off, or separated, from one's core sense of self* rapidly fluctuating mood

What is comorbidity?

having two causes of death co-occurrence of two disorders* mental disorder leading to death having two causes for a single disorder

Which of the following is a set of symptoms or behaviors that you might see in a person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder?

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds* overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood pervasive need for perfectionism that interferes with the ability to complete tasks

What is meant by the term etiology?

likely future path of an illness the different symptoms of a given condition the cause of a disorder* frequency with which a given illness occurs

At the most basic level, schizophrenia is best conceptualized as a(n) ________ disorder.

obsessive-compulsive dissociative psychotic* impulse control

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.

obsessive-compulsive* stress-related personality phobic

Autism spectrum disorder is marked by all but which of the following categories of symptoms?

repetitive patterns of behavior or interests severe depressive symptoms* deficits in communication deficits in social interactions

Mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as avoiding eye contact or rehearsing sentences before speaking are called ________.

safety behaviors* obsessions ruminations cognitive restructures

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing dissociative ________.

identity disorder psychosis fugue* depersonalization

Peripartum onset depression is a kind of depression ________.

in which an individual has a tendency to repetitively and passively dwell on one's depressed symptoms, their meanings, and their consequences in which an individual experiences mania, characterized by extremely cheerful and euphoric mood, excessive talkativeness, irritability, increased activity levels, and other symptoms characterized by mood states that vacillate between depression and mania that applies to women who experience major depressive symptoms during or in the four weeks after a pregnancy.*

Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.

intellectual disability attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder* autism spectrum disorder schizoid personality disorder

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing a(n) ________ episode.

manic* body dysmorphic dissociative psychotic

Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality?

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder dependent personality disorder avoidant personality disorder* schizotypal personality disorder

Piper is terribly afraid of a number of different situations. She doesn't like riding on public busses or subways, finds open spaces very intimidating, does not like feeling "lost in a crowd," and prefers the safe and secure feeling of her own home. If these symptoms cause disruptions in her life, Piper might be diagnosed with ________.

ophidiophobia agoraphobia* arachnophobia acrophobia

The approach to psychology suggesting that psychological disorders may be best explained by looking at genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities is the ________ perspective.

psychodynamic gestalt diathesis-stress biological*

Some people with schizophrenia report hearing voices or seeing things that are not there. These are both examples of:

rumination. HALLUCINATIONS.* mania. delusions.

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

Gemma exhibits deficits in social interaction by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to.* Gemma is very impulsive - as soon as an idea enters her head she acts upon it. Gemma is submissive and physically clings to the people around her. Gemma is quick to anger and is incapable of dealing with a situation in which she is not the center of attention.

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.* Ozzie treats his depression by exposing himself to a series of stressors so he can learn coping skills. Ozzie treats his manic episodes by using medication to induce depression. Ozzie's doctor does not believe that mental illness has a biological basis.

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about dissociative disorders?

People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.* These disorders have a psychological rather than a physical cause. People with these disorders become disconnected from their sense of self. People with these disorders experience memory and identity disturbances.

Researchers have found that approximately _____ percent of those with dissociative identity disorder were physically and/or sexually abused in childhood, leading to the conclusion that trauma can be a cause of this disorder.

80 99 65 95*

Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide?

being a fan of violent media (music, television shows, movies, etc.)* history of previous suicide attempts alcohol dependence have access to lethal weapons, such as firearms

Both nature and nurture have been found to contribute to the development of schizophrenia. In his early twenties, Jim was diagnosed with schizophrenia. Which of the following demonstrates how nature could've contributed to Jim's diagnosis?

Jim's mother was exposed to influenza during the first trimester of pregnancy. Jim is a frequent marijuana user. Jim's mother experienced significant emotional stress during pregnancy. JIM'S MOTHER ALSO HAS SCHIZOPHRENIA.*

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?

borderline personality disorder* schizotypal personality disorder antisocial personality disorder avoidant personality disorder

A psychological disorder is a ________.

medical condition that has identifiable neurological causes. condition characterized by normal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors set of situational, idiosyncratic, or unconventional inner feelings condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors*

The ________ perspective of psychological disorders attributed symptoms of such ailments to forces that were beyond scientific understanding, such as black magic or evil spirits.

neurological supernatural* biological diathesis-stress

Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails and that the spiders will hatch inside his skin and will eventually begin to eat his organs. What kind of delusion is this?

paranoid grandiose somatic* disorganized

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring Cordelia's left arm. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing ________ disorder.

posttraumatic stress* bipolar schizotypal personality panic

Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Nathan appears to suffer from ________ personality disorder.

schizotypal narcissistic* histrionic borderline

Alexis experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder, but only during the fall and winter months when she gets less direct exposure to sunlight What kind of depression does Alexis have?

seasonal pattern* peripartum/postpartum persistent depressive bipolar

Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why?

Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.* Mood disorders are more likely to occur in younger people. People who grow up with a depressed parent usually become depressed themselves. Apollonia also suffers from social anxiety disorder.

Which of the following is considered to be a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

SOCIAL WITHDRAWL* delusions hallucinations disorganized thinking

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common?

conviction that the patient herself is the cause of many people's troubles repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts* generalized anxiety and specific phobias obsession with the suffering of others