unit 5 gov
Interest groups are protected under the Constitution by the:
1st amendment
Which of the following would be considered an instance in which time, place, and manner restrictions would be applied to the First Amendment?
A city enforces its laws restricting noise to limit the scale of an outdoor concert event intended to raise public awareness of climate change.
Which of the following represents a consequence of candidate-centered electoral campaigns?
A decrease in the role of political parties in campaign management
Which of the following scenarios is most closely related to the Supreme Court's decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)?
A labor union spends millions of dollars to independently run negative advertisements about a presidential candidate shortly before the election.
Which of the following is an example of checks and balances?
A rule issued by a bureaucratic agency may be declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
Which of the following applications of affirmative action would the United States Supreme Court likely consider unconstitutional?
A state university refuses acceptance of any new applicants from a specific race.
Which of the following is argued by James Madison in The Federalist paper number 10?
A system of republican representation helps to limit the excesses of factionalism
Which of the following demographic groups has voted most consistently for the Democratic Party in national elections over the last three decades?
African Americans
Which of the following best illustrates the protection of an individual's Fifth Amendment rights?
After arrest, a suspect is informed of the right to remain silent during interrogation.
Which of the following statements accurately summarizes the reasoning for the decision in Baker v. Carr (1962)?
Because rural districts had fewer people, representation was unevenly distributed; thus, Baker was denied equal protection under the law.
The primary responsibility for determining monetary policy in the United States rests with the:
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
A school district in Seattle used the race of students as a tie-breaking factor to determine which students would be admitted to the more popular schools in an attempt to maintain racial diversity. In the case Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 (2007), the Supreme Court ruled this plan unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment. Which of the following statements offers the most accurate comparison between this case and the decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)?
Both cases ruled against the school district based on the equal protection clause.
Which of the following is an example of Congress using its implied powers?
Congress passing occupational safety regulations for the private sector
Which of the following BEST matches a political ideology with that ideology's position on the proper role of government in regulating the economy?
Conservative- The government should strictly limit its regulation of the marketplace.
Which of the following policies involves more state spending than federal spending?
Education
Under the Articles of Confederation, which of the following were true: I. Congress could not tax the states directly. II. The executive branch of government exercised more power than Congress. III. Congress was a unicameral body. IV. States were represented in Congress proportionally according to population.
I and III
In the case Twining v. New Jersey (1908), the Supreme Court held that the Fifth Amendment's protection against self-incrimination is not applicable to the states. In 1964 the Supreme Court overruled the decision in Malloy v. Hogan (1964) and held that the right was incorporated to the states. This scenario illustrates which of the following?
Ideological changes to the Supreme Court can lead to the overturning of precedent.
The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (McCain-Feingold) did which of the following?
It banned soft money donations to national parties.
Which of the following is true of an executive agreement made between a United States President and another head of state?
It does not require Senate approval, but may require congressional allocation of funds for implementation.
Which of the following describes an effect of the Twenty-Fourth Amendment?
It eliminated poll taxes.
On November 2, 2014, a Gallup poll reported that 51 percent of Americans support legalizing marijuana, while 47 percent oppose legalization. The reported margin of sampling error was +/- 4 percent. Which of the following inferences can be made from the poll?
It is unclear whether more people support marijuana legalization than oppose it.
The Federalist No. 78 says, "A constitution is, in fact, and must be regarded by the judges, as a fundamental law. It therefore belongs to them to ascertain its meaning, as well as the meaning of any particular act proceeding from the legislative body." In which of the following decisions did the Supreme Court use an argument most similar to the one in The Federalist No. 78?
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Which of the following pair of Supreme Court cases best illustrates how views of federalism have shifted in the United States?
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) and United States v. Lopez (1995)
Which of the following scenarios best explains the inclusion of Title IX as part of the Education Amendments of 1972?
Members of Congress added the amendment to the bill in response to social movements seeking to address inequality in education for women.
Any candidate using Facebook can put a campaign message promising one thing in front of one group of voters while simultaneously running an ad with a completely opposite message in front of a different group of voters. The ads themselves are not posted anywhere for the general public to see (this is what's known as "dark advertising"), and chances are, no one will ever be the wiser. That undermines the very idea of a "marketplace of ideas", says Ann Ravel, a former member of the Federal Election Commission who has long advocated stricter regulations on digital campaigning. "The way to have a robust democracy is for people to hear all these ideas and make decisions and discuss," Ravel said. "With microtargeting, that is not happening." Julie Carrie Wong, "It Might Work Too Well: "the Dark Art of Political Advertising Online," The Guardian, March 19, 2018. Which of the following scenarios reflects the most direct effect of the practice described in the passage on the electoral process?
Political parties will rely increasingly on social media advertising to reach different coalitions of voters.
Which of the following is an example of the president using the bully pulpit as a tool for agenda setting?
President Reagan delivering a televised address urging a reduction in federal taxes
Which of the following is the most accurate interpretation of the political cartoon?
State governments prefer federal funding but do not want federal oversight over how the money is spent.
The United States Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was based on which of the following?
The Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection
Cabinet departments differ from independent regulatory agencies in which of the following ways?
The President can dismiss cabinet officers, but not commissioners of independent regulatory agencies.
Which of the following is true of the seniority system of Congress in relation to committee leadership and committee staffing?
The chairs of congressional committees tend to be senior members of the body's majority party.
Of the following, which has been used most to expand the power of the national government?
The commerce clause of the Constitution
In the early part of the twenty-first century, public opinion polls showed that a majority of Americans believed it should be illegal to burn the American flag. As a result, many members of Congress introduced amendments to make it illegal to burn or desecrate the American flag. However, these efforts have been unsuccessful. Which of the following statements best explains why these efforts have been unsuccessful?
The framers made the amendment process difficult in order to protect individual rights.
Which of the following statements about political parties and the United States Constitution is true?
The issue of political parties is not addressed in the Constitution.
Which of the following is commonly identified as a failure of the Articles of Confederation?
The national government lacked an effective power to raise revenue.
The debates between Federalists and Anti-Federalists were primarily about which of the following issues:
The scope of power of the central government
Which of the following is the best predictor of the Department of Education's annual budget
The size of the previous year's budget
Which of the following explains why any attempt to reduce Social Security benefits is difficult?
There are many voters who support Social Security.
Which of the following is true of amicus curiae briefs?
They are used by interest groups to lobby courts
Which of the following is true of independent regulatory agencies?
They tend to be freer from presidential control than are cabinet departments.
Which of the following best reflects a function of the Supreme Court in Article III of the Constitution?
To serve as the highest court of appeals
A political scientist professor is researching the effects that the Fifteenth and Twenty-Six Amendments have had on the American political system. Which of the following is the most likely reason the professor is researching these amendments?
To study the expansion of voting rights.
"Any candidate using Facebook can put a campaign message promising one thing in front of one group of voters while simultaneously running an ad with a completely opposite message in front of a different group of voters. The ads themselves are not posted anywhere for the general public to see (this is what's known as "dark advertising"), and chances are, no one will ever be the wiser. That undermines the very idea of a "marketplace of ideas", says Ann Ravel, a former member of the Federal Election Commission who has long advocated stricter regulations on digital campaigning. "The way to have a robust democracy is for people to hear all these ideas and make decisions and discuss," Ravel said. "With microtargeting, that is not happening." Julie Carrie Wong, "It Might Work Too Well: "the Dark Art of Political Advertising Online," The Guardian, March 19, 2018. Which of the following political processes or behaviors is most directly affected by the development described in the passage?
Voter mobilization
Many scholars argue that categorical grants-in-aid do which of the following?
Weaken the power of the state governors and legislators
The Senate must confirm all of the following presidential appointments EXCEPT:
White House staff
The Americans with Disabilities Act, which provides provides protections for the disabled, is an example of:
a federal mandate
A writ of habeas corpus refers to:
a person's right to know the reasons for his or her imprisonment
The fundamental source of power for the federal bureaucracy lies in its:
ability to set specific guidelines after receiving a general mandate from Congress
The Supreme Court addressed the admissions policy of the University of Michigan Law School in Grutter v. Bollinger (2003). Justice Sandra Day O'Connor wrote for the court, "in the context of its individualized inquiry into the possible diversity contributions of all applicants, the Law School's race conscious admissions program does not unduly harm nonminority applicants." The primary issue of controversy in the Grutter v. Bollinger decision involves:
affirmative action
Debate of a bill in the House of Representatives under a "closed rule" means that:
amendments to the bill cannot be offered
Brutus was an example of an Anti-Federalist because he:
believed a centralized government posed a major threat to individual rights
States and localities have the most discretion in establishing policy when federal funding is derived from:
block grants
Which of the following policies would the states most likely prefer according to the political cartoon?
block grants
Candidates for political office use public opinion polls for all of the following purposes except:
bring the opposition's opinions into alignment with those of the candidate
When party members meet to nominate a candidate for office, they participate in which of the following?
caucus
A primary election in which voters are required to identify a party preference before the election and are not allowed to split their ticket is called:
closed primary
South Carolina passed a law to increase the state tax on gasoline to help fund repairs on highways and bridges. The state tax is in addition to the federal tax on every gallon of gasoline that is sold. Which of the following constitutional provisions does this scenario illustrate?
concurrent powers
When a bill passes the House and the Senate in different versions, the bill is resolved by which of the following types of committees?
conference
The agenda-setting function of the media refers to the power to: Responses
decide which issues are important enough to bring to public attention
In 2012, after negotiations on a bill in Congress failed, President Obama issued an executive order that protected from deportation individuals brought to the United States as children by their parents. The president took this action because: Responses
disagreement between congressional leaders and the president on the issue meant that a compromise on a bill was not likely
American political culture is characterized by strong popular support for all of the following EXCEPT:
economic equality
The supremacy clause in the Constitution states that:
federal law takes precedence over state law when the laws conflict
Typically, presidential campaigns implement their campaign strategies by:
focusing on larger, competitive states, because they might tip the balances of the electoral college
All of the following powers are granted to the President by the Constitution EXCEPT:
forming new cabinet-level departments
When a child's parents both identify strongly with the same political party, the child will most likely:
identify with the parents' party
The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution has been interpreted by the Supreme Court to:
make most rights contained in the Bill of Rights applicable to the states
Which of the following clauses serves as the constitutional basis for the federal Real ID Act of 2005, a law that established uniform standards for state-issued identification cards and provided regulation of a state function?
necessary and proper clause
Congressional standing committees are best described as:
permanent subject-matter committees
The Constitution and its amendments expressly prohibit all of the following EXCEPT:
sex discrimination in employment
The boundary lines of congressional districts are drawn by:
state legislatures
The Constitution states that all revenue bills must originate in:
the United States House of Representatives
The concept of realignment refers to changes in:
the social bases of the parties' voting support
An advantage that bureaucrats in the federal government have over the President in the policymaking process is that bureaucrats:
usually have a continuity of service in the executive branch that the President lacks
A prominent example of the process of returning more of the responsibilities of governing from the national level to the state level is:
welfare reform
