Unit 5 Test Review Statistics

A group of dental researchers are testing the effects of acidic drinks on dental crowns. They have five containers of crowns labeled V, W, X, Y, and Z. They will randomly select one of the containers to be the control for the experiment by drawing one of five well-mixed slips of paper with the same labels from a hat. Which of the following is the probability model for the control container?

(table) A. 0.20, 0.20, 0.20, 0.20, 0.20

Ten people (labeled 1-10) have purchased raffle tickets for a fundraiser. However, they did not all purchase the same number of tickets. One ticket is to be selected at random. Which of the following could be the probability distribution for the winning ticket?

(table) B. 0.01, 0.01, 0.05, 0.07, 0.68, 0.01, 0.05, 0.03, 0.01, 0.08

A six-sided number cube is considered "loaded" if it is not fair. Which of the following could be the probability distribution for a loaded number cube?

(table) B. 0.05, 0.12, 0.23, 0.10, 0.24, 0.26

A group of ticket takers at a box office for a new theater noticed that in the first year of the theater's operation, the genre breakdown of the movies was 10% horror, 39% comedy, 28% drama, and 23% action. If a movie from the theater's first year of operation was selected at random, which of the following identifies the probability distribution for the movie's genre?

(table) B. 0.23, 0.39, 0.28, 0.10

Some college advisors noticed the following breakdown of majors for the incoming freshman at their school: 3% math, 22% nursing, 16% psychology, 11% criminal justice, and 48% business. Suppose a first-year student was chosen at random. Which of the following is the probability distribution for that student's major?

(table) B. 0.48, 0.11, 0.03, 0.22, 0.16

Three siblings, Peyton, Cameron, and Dakota, all ask their parents to borrow the family car for different events around town. Since they cannot all borrow the car at the same time, the parents decide to use randomness to decide who gets the car. They will roll a single, fair, six-sided number cube. Peyton gets the car if a 1 or 2 is rolled. Cameron gets the car if a 3 or 4 is rolled, and Dakota gets the car if a 5 or 6 is rolled. Which of the following is the probability distribution for who gets the car?

(table) B. 1/3, 1/3, 1/3

A movie enthusiast is going to select 1 of 4 movies (labeled W, X, Y, and Z) using a random method where all the movies are equally likely to be chosen. Which of the following is the probability distribution for the movie selection?

(table) C. 0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25

A group of marketing researchers for a popular cell phone manufacturer collected the following information about young adults (aged 18-25): 1% use a cell phone that is 3 years or older, 2% use a cell phone that is 2-3 years old, 20% use a cell phone that is 1-2 years old, and 77% use a cell phone that is less than 1 year old. Suppose a young adult was selected at random. Let X equal the age of a randomly selected person's cell phone. Which of the following is the probability distribution for the age of that person's cell phone?

(table) D. 0.77, 0.20, 0.02, 0.01

Six sophomores and 14 freshmen are competing for two alternate positions on the debate team. Which expression represents the probability that both students chosen are sophomores?

A. (6 C1) (5 C1) / 20 C2

In a certain town, 65% of the voters support a school referendum up for a vote. If 5 voters are asked for their opinion, what is the probability that none of the 5 will support the referendum?

A. 0.0053

A computer's random number generator produces random integers from 1 to 50. What is the probability that the first 3 integers generated are single-digit numbers?

A. 0.0058

Two unique letters are chosen at random from the alphabet. What is the approximate probability that the first letter chosen is A?

A. 0.0385

According to sales records at a local coffee shop, 75% of all customers like hot coffee, 30% like iced coffee, and 22% like both hot and iced coffee. The Venn diagram displays the coffee preferences of the customers. A randomly selected customer is asked if they like hot or iced coffee. Let H be the event that the customer likes hot coffee and let I be the event that the customer likes iced coffee. What is the probability that the customer only likes iced coffee?

A. 0.08

Executives for a company that prints logos on products are expanding the company's services to include souvenirs such as hats, shirts, and foam fingers for sports teams. The data they collected from a sample of 300 adults about their favorite sport to watch and their favorite souvenir to buy are shown in the table. A survey participant is randomly selected. Let F be the event that the participant prefers football and let N be the event that the participant prefers the foam finger. What is the value of P(F and N)?

A. 0.13

A high school math class has 28 students: 18 seniors and 10 juniors. What is the probability that four randomly selected students will be seniors?

A. 0.15

At a local coffee shop, the manager has determined that 56% of drink orders are for specialty espresso drinks and 44% are for plain coffee. The manager also noted that 40% of customers order food. For customers who purchase the specialty espresso drinks, 35% also purchase a food item, and for customers who purchase plain coffee, 30% also purchase a food item. The tree diagram displays the possible outcomes of orders at this coffee shop. Which probability is represented by label 3 in the tree diagram?

A. 0.44

Students in Mrs. Barnes's class determined the probability that she will check homework on a randomly chosen day is 0.8. They also determined the probability that she will give a pop quiz when she checks homework is 0.6, and the probability that she will give a pop quiz when she does not check homework is 0.9. What is the probability that the students will have their homework checked and take a pop quiz on a randomly chosen day? 0.48 0.54 0.72 0.80

A. 0.48

Two children are playing a code-breaking game. One child makes a sequence of three colors from red, yellow, blue, and purple. The other child must guess the sequence of colors in the correct order. Once one color is used, it cannot be repeated in the sequence. What is the probability that the sequence is guessed on the first try?

A. 1/24

Six girls and four boys have entered the science fair. First, second, and third place awards are to be given out. What is the probability that a girl wins the first place award while boys will receive the second and third place awards? Express your answer as a percent.

A. 10%

Two boys and three girls are auditioning to play the piano for a school production. Two students will be chosen, one as the pianist, the other as the alternate. What is the probability that the pianist will be a boy and the alternate will be a girl? Express your answer as a percent.

A. 30%

A researcher randomly sampled 222 high school students to determine their favorite color and whether or not they played a sport. The two-way table displays the data. A randomly selected student who participated in the survey is selected. Let event S = the student plays a sport and let event B = favorite color is blue, green, or purple. What is the value of P(B|S)?

A. 36/104

A manufacturer of baseball hats claims that approximately 30% of people regularly wear baseball hats. From a random sample of 20 students at your school, you find that only four wear baseball hats regularly. This gives you reason to believe that the manufacturer's claim of 30% is too high. Let the digits 0-2 represent wearing a baseball hat (H) and the digits 3-9 represent not wearing a baseball hat (N). Use the table of random numbers to run one trial of this simulation. Which is the correct sequence of outcomes?

A. NNNNN HHNNN NNNHN NHNHN

Executives for a company that prints logos on products are expanding the company's services to include souvenirs such as hats, shirts, and foam fingers for sports teams. The data they collected from a sample of 300 adults about their favorite sport to watch and their favorite souvenir to buy are shown in the table. A survey participant is randomly selected. Let S be the event that the participant prefers soccer and let T be the event that the participant prefers a T-shirt. What is the value of P(S and T)?

B. 0.03

A car wash has three different types of washes: basic, classic, and ultimate. Based on records, 45% of customers get the basic wash, 35% get the classic wash, and 20% get the ultimate wash. Some customers also vacuum out their cars after the wash. The car wash records show that 10% of customers who get the basic wash, 25% of customers who get the classic wash, and 60% of customers who get the ultimate wash also vacuum their cars. What is the probability that a randomly selected customer will get the classic wash and vacuum their car? 0.05 0.09 0.12 0.25

B. 0.09

A deli owner made a probability distribution chart for the meat choices of their customers' sandwiches when the sandwiches contain only one meat. What is the missing probability in the table?

B. 0.09

In a survey given by camp counselors, campers were asked if they like to swim and if they like to have a cookout. The Venn diagram displays the campers' preferences. A camper is selected at random. Let S be the event that the camper likes to swim and let C be the event that the camper likes to have a cookout. What is the probability that a randomly selected camper likes swimming or having a cookout, but not both?

B. 0.10

Students majoring in psychology surveyed 200 of their fellow students about their dreams. The results of the survey are shown in the Venn diagram. Let B be the event that the participant dreams in black and white and let C be the event that the participant dreams in color. What is the probability that a randomly selected participant dreams in black and white or color?

B. 0.13

A student has heard that spinning pennies on a table, rather than flipping them in the air, results in tails side up 65% of the time. If this is true, what is the probability that a student who spins 4 pennies will have them all land tails side up?

B. 0.1785

A local pet groomer accepts walk-in customers. From experience, the groomer has determined that the probability that a walk-in customer will get a full-service grooming, which includes a bath and nail trimming, is 0.71. The probability that a walk-in customer will get a haircut for their pet is 0.42. The probability that customers who get the full-service grooming will also ask for a haircut is 0.28. What is the probability that a walk-in customer will ask for both a full-service grooming and a haircut?

B. 0.20

Travel agents collected data from recent travelers about their modes of transportation for their vacations. They found that 37% traveled by airplane, 8% traveled by train, and 7% traveled by airplane and train. Let A be the event that the mode of travel was airplane and let T be the event that the mode of travel was train. What is the value of P(A and Tc), which is represented by 1 in the Venn diagram?

B. 0.30

A large company states in their promotional literature that 80% of their employees have college degrees. If 5 employees are selected at random from this company, what is the probability that all 5 will have college degrees?

B. 0.3277

Students in Mrs. Barnes's class determined the probability that she will check homework on a randomly chosen day is 0.42. They also determined the probability that she will give a pop quiz when she checks homework is 0.6, and the probability that she will give a pop quiz when she does not check homework is 0.9. The probabilities are displayed in the tree diagram. What is the probability that Mrs. Barnes checks homework if the students take a pop quiz? 0.25 0.33 0.67 0.77

B. 0.33

A car wash has three different types of washes: basic, classic, and ultimate. Based on records, 45% of customers get the basic wash, 35% get the classic wash, and 20% get the ultimate wash. Some customers also vacuum out their cars after the wash. The car wash records show that 10% of customers who get the basic wash, 25% of customers who get the classic wash, and 60% of customers who get the ultimate wash also vacuum their cars. The probabilities are displayed in the tree diagram. What is the probability that a randomly selected customer purchases the classic car wash if they do not vacuum their car?

B. 0.35

At the beginning of the semester, a professor tells students that if they study for the tests, then there is a 55% chance they will get a B or higher on the tests. If they do not study, there is a 20% chance that they will get a B or higher on the tests. The professor knows from prior surveys that 60% of students study for the tests. The probabilities are displayed in the tree diagram. The professor informs the class that there will be a test next week. What is the probability that a randomly selected student studied if they do not pass the test with a B or higher? A. 0.45 B. 0.46 C. 0.54 D. 0.59

B. 0.46

A survey of 500 college students moving into their dorm revealed that 425 brought a microwave, 380 brought a video game console, and 50 brought neither a microwave nor a game console. A survey participant is randomly selected. Let M be the event that the participant brought a microwave and let C be the event that the participant brought a video game console. Organize these events in a two-way table. What is the probability that the participant brought both a microwave and a console, P(M and C)?

B. 0.71

About 20% of the population experiences "cybersickness." This happens when the images in 3-D movies look so real they hinder the brain's ability to sort signals and cause people to get nauseated. To find out if this applies to teens, an SRS of 30 high school students was asked if they experience cybersickness. Eight students said "Yes." To see if this result is surprising, a simulation is conducted to estimate the probability of obtaining a sample result as high as this. Let 0-1 represent "Yes" and 2-9 represent "No." Using the line of random numbers, how many "Yes" responses will there be in the first trial of the simulation?

B. 4

Carlos thinks the traffic light to get out of his neighborhood is red more often than green. He decides to collect data to determine the probability of the light being red upon his approach. The graph of his long-run relative frequencies is shown. Which conclusion can be drawn from this graph?

B. About 63% of the time, the traffic light is red when Carlos leaves his neighborhood.

In a certain city, 60% of the heads of household own the house in which they reside, and 80% of the heads of the household have full-time employment. When considering what percentage of heads of household both own their home and have a full-time job, a student estimates that 48% of heads of household fit both requirements, stating that (0.60)(0.80) = 0.48. Is this student correct in his approach?

B. No, because although two probabilities should be multiplied, it should not be these two probabilities. This is because the two events are likely not independent.

Dropping a piece of buttered toast will theoretically land butter-side down with a probability of 0.65. Some students decided to test this theory and dropped five pieces of buttered toast. All five landed butter-side down. One of the students claims that the next piece of buttered toast dropped will land butter-side up because it is due to happen. Is the student's reasoning correct?

B. No, the probability of buttered toast landing butter-side down is 0.65 over a large number of trials.

A computer's random number generator produces random integers from 1 to 50. What is the probability that among the first 9 random integers generated, all of them fall in the range from 1 to 35? A. (1 - 0.70)^9 B. (0.35)^9 C. (0.70)^9 D. 1 - (0.70)^9

C. (0.70)^9

A medical device company knows that 11% of patients experience injection-site reactions with the current needle. If 3 people receive injections with this type of needle, what is the probability that the first person has an injection-site reaction, but the next two do not?

C. 0.0871

At the beginning of the semester, a professor tells students that if they study for the tests, then there is a 55% chance they will get a B or higher on the tests. If they do not study, there is a 20% chance that they will get a B or higher on the tests. The professor knows from prior surveys that 60% of students study for the tests. What is the probability that a randomly selected student studies for a test and gets a B or higher?

C. 0.33

Executives for a car dealership are interested in the sales for the type of vehicle, SUV or truck, and the type of power train, two-wheel drive (2WD), four-wheel drive (4WD), or all-wheel drive (AWD). The data from the sales of 165 vehicles are displayed in the two-way table. A vehicle is randomly selected. Let S be the event that the vehicle is an SUV and let D be the event that the vehicle has 4WD. What is the value of P(S and DC)?

C. 0.38

A researcher asked 520 randomly selected people of three different age groups (teen, young adult, and adult) about their favorite music genre. The two-way table displays the distribution of the responses. A participant is randomly selected. Let C be the event that the participant prefers country music and let T be the event that the participant is a teen. What is the value of P(Cc and Tc)?

C. 0.45

A medical device company knows that 12% of patients experience injection-site reactions with the current needle. If 6 people receive injections with this type of needle, what is the probability that at least one of them has an injection-site reaction?

C. 0.5356

A department store's survey suggests that 76% of shoppers buy food, 49% buy clothes, and 28% buy both food and clothes. Suppose a shopper is selected from the store at random and learn that they buy clothes. What is the probability that the shopper also buys food?

C. 0.57

A large company states in its promotional literature that 74% of its employees have college degrees. Assume this claim is true. If 3 employees are selected at random from this company, what is the probability that at least 1 of the selected employees will not have a college degree?

C. 0.5948

Sports science researchers determined that, for those people who skateboard, 22% have never had an injury, 45% have had one injury, 18% have had two injuries, and 15% have had three or more injuries. What is the probability that a randomly chosen skateboarder has had one or two injuries?

C. 0.63

Students in Mrs. Barnes's class determined the probability that she will check homework on a randomly chosen day is 0.42. They also determined the probability that she will give a pop quiz when she checks homework is 0.6, and the probability that she will give a pop quiz when she does not check homework is 0.9. The probabilities are displayed in the tree diagram. What is the probability that Mrs. Barnes does not check homework if the students take a pop quiz?

C. 0.67

Students in Mrs. Barnes's class determined the probability that she will check homework on a randomly chosen day is 0.42. They also determined the probability that she will give a pop quiz when she checks homework is 0.6, and the probability that she will give a pop quiz when she does not check homework is 0.9. The probabilities are displayed in the tree diagram. What is the probability that the students will have a pop quiz on a randomly selected day?

C. 0.77

In a certain town, 65% of the voters support a school referendum up for a vote. If 5 voters are asked for their opinion, what is the probability that at least 1 of the 5 will not support the referendum?

C. 0.8840

A survey of 500 college students moving into their dorm revealed that 425 brought a microwave, 380 brought a video game console, and 50 brought neither a microwave nor a game console. A survey participant is randomly selected. Let M be the event that the participant brought a microwave and let C be the event that the participant brought a video game console. Organize these events in a two-way table. What is the probability that the participant brought a microwave or a console, P(M or C)?

C. 0.90

In a survey given by camp counselors, campers were asked if they like to swim and if they like to have a cookout. The Venn diagram displays the campers' preferences. A camper is selected at random. Let S be the event that the camper likes to swim and let C be the event that the camper likes to have a cookout. What is the probability that a randomly selected camper likes to have a cookout?

C. 0.93

A researcher randomly surveyed 122 college professors to determine what types of courses they teach and their sleeping habits. The two-way table displays the data. Suppose a survey respondent is randomly selected. Let M = professor teaches math and B = professor is an early bird. What is the value of P(B|M)?

C. 16/33

Reese, Greg, and Brad meet once a week for coffee. They each have their favorite café and, to be fair, they use randomization to choose where they will meet. Each person has a colored marble: red (R) for Reese, green (G) for Greg, and blue (B) for Brad. Each week, all three marbles are mixed well in a bag and a marble is selected. The favorite café of the person associated with the selected marble is chosen for that week's meeting. What is the probability that Reese will get to pick the café for at least one of the first two weeks?

C. 5/9

A medical clinic is randomly selecting two staff members to attend a conference. The clinic employees include 7 nurses, 3 doctors, and 2 office staff. The nurses want to know the probability that both attendees will be nurses. The tree diagram displays the possible outcomes of randomly selecting two staff members. Which probability is represented by label 4 in the tree diagram?

C. 6/11

The following two-way table shows the distribution of high school students categorized by their grade level and book-type preference. Suppose a high school student is selected at random. Let event A = junior and event B = fiction. Are events A and B independent?

C. No, P(A) ≠ P(A|B).

According to a recent survey of first-year high school students, 28% chew gum daily. The students were also asked if they had recently gotten a cavity filled at the dentist. Of the 47% of first-year students who responded that they had a cavity recently filled, only 39% chewed gum daily. Is chewing gum independent of having a cavity filled recently?

C. No, P(Gum) ≠ P(Gum|Cavity).

At a local coffee shop, the manager has determined that 56% of drink orders are for specialty espresso drinks and 44% are for plain coffee. The manager also noted that 40% of customers order food. For customers who purchase the specialty espresso drinks, 35% also purchase a food item, and for customers who purchase plain coffee, 30% also purchase a food item. The tree diagram displays the possible outcomes of orders at this coffee shop. Which order is represented by label 1 in the tree diagram?

C. Plain coffee

Reese, Greg, and Brad meet once a week for coffee. They each have their favorite café and, to be fair, they use randomization to choose where they will meet. Each person has a colored marble: red (R) for Reese, green (G) for Greg, and blue (B) for Brad. Each week, all three marbles are mixed well in a bag and a marble is selected. The favorite café of the person associated with the selected marble is chosen for that week's meeting. Which of the following represents the sample space for choosing a café for the first two weeks?

C. R & R, R & G, R & B, G & R, G & G, G & B, B & R, B & G, B & B

A study reported that about half of high school seniors study for upcoming math tests. To find out if this applies to seniors at Garfield High School, an SRS of 30 seniors was asked if they study for their math tests. Nineteen responded "Yes." A dotplot is provided showing the results of 40 trials of this simulation. Does this provide convincing evidence that seniors at Garfield High School study more than the report stated?

C. Yes, only one trial had a result of 19 or larger.

In a survey given by camp counselors, campers were asked if they like to swim and if they like to have a cookout. The Venn diagram displays the campers' preferences. A camper is selected at random. Let S be the event that the camper likes to swim and let C be the event that the camper likes to have a cookout. What is the probability that a randomly selected camper does not like to have a cookout?

D. 0.07

A car wash has three different types of washes: basic, classic, and ultimate. Based on records, 45% of customers get the basic wash, 35% get the classic wash, and 20% get the ultimate wash. Some customers also vacuum out their cars after the wash. The car wash records show that 10% of customers who get the basic wash, 25% of customers who get the classic wash, and 60% of customers who get the ultimate wash also vacuum their cars. The probabilities are displayed in the tree diagram. What is the probability that a randomly selected customer vacuums their car?

D. 0.25

In July in Virginia, the temperature can quickly rise above 90 degrees Fahrenheit, which can also lead to thunderstorms. The probability that the temperature will rise above 90 on a randomly chosen day is 0.68, and the probability of thunderstorms is 0.29. If the temperature rises above 90 degrees, the probability of a thunderstorm is 0.56. What is the probability that the temperature rises above 90 degrees and there is a thunderstorm on a randomly chosen day in July?

D. 0.38

For students majoring in Hospitality Management, it was determined that 5% have visited 1-10 states, 16% have visited 11-20 states, 45% have visited 21-30 states, 19% have visited 31-40 states, and 15% have visited 41-50 states. Suppose a Hospitality Management student is picked at random. What is the probability that the student has not visited between 21 and 30 states?

D. 0.55

A computer's random number generator produces random integers from 1 to 50. What is the probability that at least one of the first 4 generated numbers is in the 20s?

D. 0.5904

A medical device company knows that 11% of patients experience injection-site reactions with the current needle. If 4 people receive injections with this type of needle, what is the probability that none of the 4 people get an injection-site reaction?

D. 0.6274

A recent survey of people who eat salad suggest that 78% like tomatoes on their salad, 49% like cheese on their salad, and 36% like both tomatoes and cheese on their salad. Suppose a person who eats salad is selected at random, and find they like cheese on their salad. What is the probability that the person also likes tomatoes on their salad?

D. 0.73

Sports science researchers determined that, for those people who skateboard, 22% have never had an injury, 45% have had one injury, 18% have had two injuries, and 15% have had three or more injuries. What is the probability that a randomly chosen skateboarder has had at least one injury?

D. 0.78

According to sales records at a local coffee shop, 75% of all customers like hot coffee, 30% like iced coffee, and 22% like both hot and iced coffee. The Venn diagram displays the coffee preferences of the customers. A randomly selected customer is asked if they like hot or iced coffee. Let H be the event that the customer likes hot coffee and let I be the event that the customer likes iced coffee. What is the probability that a randomly selected customer likes hot or iced coffee?

D. 0.83

Sports science researchers determined that, of those people who skateboard, 22% have never had an injury, 45% have had one injury, 18% have had two injuries, and 15% have had three or more injuries. What is the probability that a randomly chosen skateboarder has not had three or more injuries?

D. 0.85

A large company states in its promotional literature that 74% of its employees have college degrees. Assume this claim is true. If 4 employees are selected at random from this company, what is the probability that at least 1 of the selected employees has a college degree?

D. 0.9954

A jar contains 11 red marbles, 12 blue marbles, and 6 white marbles. Four marbles from this jar are selected, with each marble being replaced after each selection. What is the probability that at least 1 of the selected marbles is blue?

D. 1 - (17/29)^4

A local restaurant is having a contest in which patrons spin a wheel to win prizes. The wheel is divided into 10 identical segments, each marked with a different prize. Seven of the segments are labeled "Free Entrée" or "Free Appetizer." The other three are labeled "Free Valet Parking." Let the digits 0-6 represent winning free food and 7-9 represent winning valet parking. Using the line of random numbers, what is the best estimate of the number of free food prizes won by the next 20 patrons who spin the wheel?

D. 15

A researcher randomly selected 158 personal vehicles and noted the type of vehicle and its color. The two-way table displays the data. Suppose a vehicle is randomly selected. Let event C = convertible and R = red. What is the value of P(R|C)?

D. 20/29

An animal researcher randomly selected 98 dogs and cats and recorded if they napped between 2:00 p.m. and 2:30 p.m. The two-way table displays the data. Suppose an animal is randomly selected. Let event C = cat and let event N = nap. What is the value of P(C|N)?

D. 23/38

A researcher randomly asked 284 people how they prefer their eggs cooked and if they prefer orange juice or coffee with their breakfast. The two-way table displays the data. Suppose a survey respondent is randomly selected. Let event F = fried eggs and let event O = orange juice. What is the value of P(O|F)?

D. 41/91

A landscaper is selecting two trees to plant. He has five to choose from. Three of the five are deciduous and two are evergreen. What is the probability that he chooses trees of two different types? Express your answer as a percent.

D. 60%

According to a recent survey of adults, 38% say the almond is their favorite nut. The adults were also asked where they lived. Of the 19% of those who responded that they live in California, 40% chose the almond as their favorite nut. Is liking almonds independent of residency?

D. No, P(almond) ≠ P(almonds|California).

A teacher claims that there is a 50% chance that she will collect homework for a grade on any given day. One week, she collected all five daily homework assignments. A student in this class is upset and explains that the teacher should not collect any homework assignments the following week in order to honor her 50% probability claim. Is the student's reasoning correct?

D. No, collecting homework and not collecting homework are equally likely in the long run, so whether or not the teacher collects homework on any single day cannot be determined.

Forty percent of the beads in a bag of more than 10,000 beads are yellow. Suzy pulls out 10 beads, one at a time with replacement, and notes that eight of these beads are yellow. She says the next bead pulled out will not be yellow because a yellow bead has been pulled out too many times in a row. Is Suzy's reasoning correct?

D. No, it is true that the probability of pulling a yellow bead is 0.40, but Suzy should not expect that exactly 40% of such a small number of beads pulled will be yellow.

A contractor claims that she finishes a job on time 90% of the time. Last month, she only completed 7 out of her 10 jobs on time. To see if this is surprisingly low, a simulation was conducted 100 times under the assumption that she really does complete 90% of her jobs on time. The dotplot contains 100 trials of this simulation. Based on this dotplot and the sample of last month's on-time completions, which conclusion can be drawn?

D. The dotplot does not provide convincing evidence that her true, on-time completion rate is less than 90% because 7 or fewer on-time completions happened 19% of the time in the simulation.

The manufacturer of a soccer ball claims that only 3% of the soccer balls produced are faulty. An employee of this company examines the long-run relative frequency of faulty soccer balls produced as shown in the graph. Which conclusion can be drawn from this graph?

D. The graph shows that the probability of producing a faulty soccer ball is about 0.06; therefore, we should not believe the company's claim that only 3% of the produced soccer balls are faulty.

Executives for a car dealership are interested in the sales for the type of vehicle, SUV or truck, and the type of power train, two-wheel drive (2WD), four-wheel drive (4WD), or all-wheel drive (AWD). The data from the sales of 165 vehicles are displayed in the two-way table. A vehicle is randomly selected. Let T be the event that the vehicle is a truck and A be the event that the vehicle has all-wheel drive. What is the value of P(TC and AC)? A. 0.06 B. 0.20 C. 0.32 D. 0.80

NOT A, maybe B.

A researcher randomly selects 165 vehicles and sees how many miles each car has been driven and the color of the vehicle. The two-way table displays the data. Suppose a vehicle is randomly selected. Let M = the vehicle has been driven many miles and B = the vehicle is blue. Which of the following is the correct value and interpretation of P(B|M)?

NOT A, maybe B. P(B|M) = 0.36; given that the vehicle has been driven many miles, there is a 0.36 probability that the color is blue.

A researcher asked 520 randomly selected people of three different age groups (teen, young adult, and adult) about their favorite music genre. The two-way table displays the distribution of the responses. A participant is randomly selected. Let C be the event that the participant prefers country music and let T be the event that the participant is a teen. What is the value of P(C or T)? A. 0.12 B. 0.33 C. 0.55 D. 0.66

NOT B, maybe C.

The following two-way table shows the distribution of high school students categorized by their grade level and music-listening preference. Suppose a high school student is selected at random. Let event A = junior and event B = earbuds. Are events A and B independent? A. Yes, P(A) = P(A|B). B. Yes, P(A) = P(B|A). C. No, P(A) ≠ P(A|B). D. No, P(A) ≠ P(B|A).

NOT C, maybe A.

A researcher randomly selects 95 high school swimmers and asks them which swim stroke is their strongest and which bathing suit brand they prefer, brand A or brand B. The two-way table displays the data. Suppose one of the students is randomly selected. Let B = the student prefers brand B and F = the student's strongest stroke is freestyle. Which of the following is the correct value and interpretation of P(F|B)?

NOT C, maybe D. P(F|B) = 0.58; given that the student's strongest stroke is freestyle, there is a 0.57 probability that they prefer brand B.

A random sample of adults was asked about their highest education level completed. The distribution of results is shown in the table. What is the probability that the highest level of education of an adult is a high school diploma, given that they have completed at least one of the education levels shown? A. 0.04 B. 0.16 C. 0.47 D. 0.84

NOT D

A student has heard that spinning pennies on a table, rather than flipping them in the air, results in tails side up 65% of the time. If this is true, what is the probability that a student who spins 4 pennies will have at least one land heads side up? 0.0150 0.1785 0.8215 0.9850

NOT D, maybe C. 0.8215

A random sample of adults was asked about their highest education level completed. The distribution of results is shown in the table. What is the probability that the highest level of education of an adult is a high school diploma, given that they have completed at least one of the education levels shown?

maybe A. 0.04

A recent survey found that 65% of high school students were currently enrolled in a math class, 43% were currently enrolled in a science class, and 13% were enrolled in both a math and a science class. Suppose a high school student who is enrolled in a math class is selected at random. What is the probability that the student is also enrolled in a science class?

maybe A. 0.20

A recent survey has shown that 68% of professional photos are of humans, 39% are of pets, and 17% are of both humans and pets. Suppose a professional photo is selected at random and it is of a human. What is the probability that the photo also has a pet?

maybe B. 0.25