Unit 6 Quiz 2
In which case did the Supreme Court rule that Congress had the sole power to regulate interstate commerce?
a) Gibbons v. Ogden
-The shaded areas of the map are land that the US government granted to railroad companies. What was one way the United States changed because of land grants made to private companies?
a) The granted land allowed transportation and communication infrastructure to spread, increasing western development
Which of these would have had the LEAST effect on late nineteenth century American industrialization?
a) the abolition movement
Following the Civil War industry began to expand westward thanks MOSTLY to a) the increasing number of railroads that connected the east coast with the west coast b) an end to the immigration quotas that kept the population low during the mid-1800s c) the improving diets of Americans d) foreign alliances with Europe
a) the increasing number of railroads that connected the east coast with the west coast Following the Civil War industry began to expand westward thanks mostly to the increasing number of railroads that connected the east coast with the west coast. This not only allowed people to communicate more easily across the country but it also spread the nation's industrial capabilities. The Transcontinental Railroad was begun as the war started, but was finished by immigrants from Ireland and China in 1869.
"...but the completion of this mighty work, which connects the two oceans, is a still greater blessing. In the olden times, when camels - those ships of the desert - were the means used for transportation, for the furtherance if commercial traffic, it was found that wherever the caravans stopped there would spring up cities. And there would be evidences of civilization. So with this great work. It will populate the vast territory and be the great highway of the nations; their merchants will cross it to trade with us." -excerpt from "East and West: Completion of the Great Line Spanning the Continent." The New York Times, May 11, 1869. Using your knowledge and the passage, which was NOT a development connected to the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in the United States during the Industrial Revolution? a) transportation costs of goods increased b) growth of export of goods to international markets c) new centers of commerce developed along railroad stops d) growth of economic ties between the East and West coasts
a) transportation costs of goods increased Using your knowledge and the passage,transportation costs of goods increased was NOT a development connected to the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in the United States during the Industrial Revolution. Transportation of goods became much faster, more reliable and costs less than previously used steam engines.
In serious labor disputes which arose before 1900, the U.S. government a) usually supported the owners b) tended to support the organized workers c) usually remained strictly neutral, refusing to mediate the disputes d) sometimes supported the workers and other times supported the owners
a) usually supported the owners In serious labor disputes which arose before 1900, the government usually supported the owners. This is because both state and federal governments generally owed much of their support to the wealthy businessmen who helped them get elected.
Which statement BEST summarizes the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Gibbons v Ogden? a) Federal courts can declare presidential acts unconstitutional b) Congress has the sole authority to regulate interstate commerce c) The federal government cannot abolish slavery in new territories d) Establishing a national bank is a power of the federal government
b) Congress has the sole authority to regulate interstate commerce In Gibbons v Ogden, the Supreme Court decided that Congress has the sole authority to regulate interstate commerce. States retained the right to regulate trade within their borders. Thus, the state license that granted Ogden a monopoly on ferryboat travel between New York City and Elizabethtown, New Jersey was unconstitutional.
Which area of the country was the MOST LIKELY to contain textile factories in the late 1800s? a) Midwest b) Northeast c) Southeast d) Southwest
c) Southeast The Southeast was an ideal region of the country to have textile mills. These mills required rivers for water power and low-cost labor, both of which the South had plenty.
What impact did U.S. governmental polices have on business and industry during the late 1800s? a) The U.S. government regulated industry for the public good b) The U.S. government had little or no influence on business and industry c) The U.S. government tried to limit and regulate industrial and business growth d) The U.S. government tried to control public and private utilities and transportation
b) The U.S. government had little or no influence on business and industry In following the "laissez faire" business philosophy, it stands to reason that the U.S. government had little or no influence on business and industry. This resulted in great wealth for some business owners, but not a good amount of prosperity for the people working in those industries.
When the U.S. Constitution established that the entire nation was a unified or common market, how was the economy affected?
b) There were no internal tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce
One effect of the Interstate Commerce Act (1877) was to put regulations on which industry? a) farming b) railroad c) ranching d) iron working
b) railroad The Interstate Commerce Act was the first major piece of legislation to regulate a specific industry, railroads. Most Americans believed railroads charged the average person too much to ship their goods around the country, prompting Congress to step in. While there were many loopholes in the law, a precedent was set.
The Pullman Strike of 1894 was ended when
b) the Federal government issued an injunction to end it The Pullman Strike of 1894 was ended when the Federal government issued an injunction to end it. The government issued the injunction- an order to stop an action- on the basis that the strike was interfering with the delivery of mail in the United States. The injunction was taken more seriously, though, when Federal troops arrived in Illinois to enforce it.
Industrialization in the 19th century is MOST associated with
b) urbanization
Which statement BEST describes the point of this late-19th century cartoon?
c) Major industry is in control of much of American government and society
What was created in the U.S. government's first attempt to exercise increased control and oversight over American businesses and industries in the late 1800s? a) The Civilian Conservation Corps b) The Food and Drug Administration c) The Interstate Commerce Commission d) The Federal Aviation Administration
c) The Interstate Commerce Commission In 1887, the U.S. Congress authorized the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission and it was signed into law by President Grover Cleveland. The ICC's original purpose was to regulate railroads to ensure fair rates, to eliminate rate discrimination, and to regulate other aspects of the railroad industry. It was the nation's first regulatory agency.
Which factor had the GREATEST positive effect on late nineteenth century American industrialization? a) high international tariffs b) passage of the 18th Amendment c) a large supply of cheap labor d) the explosion of factory production in the American South
c) a large supply of cheap labor Thanks to immigration and the increasing benefits of the abolition of slavery, the United States was able to combine its ample supply of natural resources with its large supply of cheap labor to greatly increase its industrial output.
Which of these industries made America's first millionaires? a) the steel industry b) the banking industry c) the railroad industry d) the coal mining industry
c) the railroad industry The railroad industry is considered to be the giant of America's industrial growth post civil war. The railroad industry spurred the growth of steel, oil refineries, expansion of the West, stock market growth and led to more factories in the Northeast. Many Americans became newly wealthy as a result of railroad investments.
Which of these was an effect of the rapid industrialization of the United States in the last half of the 19th century? a) More people became craftsmen and artisans b) More people moved to rural areas in search of work c) Fewer women and children were used in industrial jobs d) The economy was increasingly controlled by big corporations
d) The economy was increasingly controlled by big corporations As a result of rapid industrialization following the Civil War, the economy was increasingly controlled by big corporations. These businesses often drove smaller ones out of existence or bought them out to eliminate the competition.
"...but the completion of this mighty work, which connects the two oceans, is a still greater blessing. In the olden times, when camels - those ships of the desert - were the means used for transportation, for the furtherance if commercial traffic, it was found that wherever the caravans stopped there would spring up cities. And there would be evidences of civilization. So with this great work. It will populate the vast territory and be the great highway of the nations; their merchants will cross it to trade with us." -excerpt from "East and West: Completion of the Great Line Spanning the Continent." The New York Times, May 11, 1869. Which transportation network in the United States that was completed in 1869 is being referenced in the passage? a) Erie Canal b) Panama canal c) National Road d) Transcontinental railroad
d) Transcontinental railroad Transcontinental railroad is the transportation network in the United States that was completed in 1869 that is being referenced in the passage. The Transcontinental railroad connected the Pacific and Atlantic seaboards. The passage also references all of the cities that will emerge along the stops of the railroad lines. This was a major development that helped the growth of the Industrial Revolution in the United States.
https://www.usatestprep.com/modules/gallery/files/68/6882/6882.jpg -"The Condition of the Laboring Man at Pullman." This political cartoon was published in the 1890s and points to the growing a) power of unions in the United States b) concern regarding factory working conditions c) involvement of government in private businesses d) disparity in wages between laborers and industrialists
d) disparity in wages between laborers and industrialists The general point of this cartoon is that there was a growing disparity in wages between laborers and industrialists. This trend had been the norm for the decades following the Civil War and would continue on into the Twentieth Century. Specifically, this refers to the problems experienced at the Pullman Company, makers of railroad cars and site of the famous but unsuccessful "Pullman Strike" by workers in 1894.
The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 resulted from the efforts of the Granger movement in order to improve a) working environments for factory workers b) living conditions for farmers in the south c) membership and participation in industrial labor unions d) economic conditions of farmers by regulating railroad rates
d) economic conditions of farmers by regulating railroad rates Grangers mobilized to help improve the economic conditions of farmers by regulating railroad rates. The Grange became the political voice for the farmers who complained about railroad shipping rates. Many farmers could not afford the shipping rates of railroads; therefore, they could not ship their crops to be sold.
By the end of the nineteenth century, industrialization's impact on American life could be described as having a) made class distinctions less apparent b) eliminated the gap between rich and the poor c) a drastic increase on enrollment in universities d) improved the standard of living for many families
d) improved the standard of living for many families While industrialization did improve the standard of living for many families, it did so at a price. This is the most correct answer, but child labor, workplace safety, poor wages, and a lack of health care for most workers was the norm.
The Industrial Age in all of the the United States is MOST associated with which era? a) early-1800s b) early-1900s c) late-1700s d) late-1800s
d) late-1800s The Industrial Age in the United States is most associated with the late-1800s. True, the roots of industrialization date back to the early-19th century, but after the end of the Civil War and the Reconstruction Era, steam power became more common in not only the industrial northeast but throughout the country.
Which of these would BEST describe an immediate effect of the invention and mass production of the light bulb? a) time became standardized b) agriculture worked longer hours c) railroad companies expanded routes d) longer factory hours for all workers
d) longer factory hours for all workers Of the choices, only "longer factory hours for all workers" is a correct choice. Factories, and all businesses, could operate longer since it became relatively inexpensive to artificially light the work place. As a result, manufacturing and business boomed. Time was standardized because of railroads, not light bulbs, in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
Standard gauge, standard time, and the Pullman Car all had a tremendous impact on what industry?
d) railroad
-1883: Pendleton Act passed -1887: Interstate Commerce Act passed -1890: Sherman Anti-Trust Act passed This legislation reflects the government's attempts to a) enforce the prohibition of alcohol b) ban the formations of labor unions c) ease racial tensions in the Jim Crow south d) regulate business and industry in the late 1800s
d) regulate business and industry in the late 1800s The Pendleton Act, Interstate Commerce Act, and Sherman Anti-Trust Act were all part of the government's efforts to regulate business and industry in the late 1800s. These acts called for civil service reform, government regulation of industries, and prevented unfair business practices.
The Pullman Strike (1894) was significant in American labor history because it showed that a) unions were powerful enough to break the restrictions placed on them by management b) unions were infiltrated by anarchists after people were killed during the protest in Chicago c) non-violent civil disobedience was a successful way to protest racial segregation in the "Jim Crow" South d) the needs and concerns of union members mattered less to the government than the needs and concerns of industrial executives
d) the needs and concerns of union members mattered less to the government than the needs and concerns of industrial executives The Pullman Strike was instigated after management slashed wages but not the cost of rents it charged the workers in its factory towns. The American Railway Union's strike caused the company's executives to appeal to the Federal government to help break the strike. Using the Sherman Anti-trust Act, the government forced an end to the strike, showing that the needs and concerns of union members mattered less to the government than the needs and concerns of industrial executives.
The most important reason for the growth of labor unions in the latter half of the 19th century was a) the passage of the Sherman Anti-trust Act b) the creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission c) the forceful leadership of the newly arriving immigrants d) the way the workers were treated by big business and big industry
d) the way the workers were treated by big business and big industry The most important reason for the growth of labor unions in the latter half of the 19th century was the way the workers were treated by big business and big industry. Laborers in factories and mines were treated so poorly that many died on the job, and those that did not were either woefully underpaid or prone to illness and injury as a result of their work environment.
Unions during the late 19th century did not enjoy great success or growth mainly because
d) there was a great diversity of skill and cultures in the labor force, so there was little bargaining power to be won by unions
https://www.usatestprep.com/modules/gallery/files/233/23307/23307.jpg -The shaded areas of the map are land that the US government granted to railroad companies. What was one reason the United States government gave subsidies and land grants to railroad companies in the 1800s? a) to prevent railroads from going bankrupt b) to help create well-paying jobs for more people c) to convince banks that railroads were good investments d) to create railroad networks that spanned the entire country
d) to create railroad networks that spanned the entire country The government granted land to railroads to create railroad networks that spanned the entire country. Four out of the five transcontinental railroads that were built in the United States in the late 1800s and early 1900s were built, at least in part, using land granted by the United States government. These railroads were important because they made traveling easier and shipping good more affordable.
