Unit 6 Test Retake

The commodities listed by Stanley in the second paragraph can best be understood in the context of A Europeans' need for resources to be used in industrial production B raw materials that could be used in African manufacturing centers C crops that could be cultivated on plantations and industrial farms by European settlers D products that would be most suited for export to the Mississippi region of North America

A Europeans' need for resources to be used in industrial production

Which of the following processes most directly contributed to the tensions in Fiji described in the first paragraph? A Migrant groups often created relatively isolated ethnic enclaves, while receiving societies responded to them through ethnic prejudice. B Violence between cultural groups led to acts of genocide perpetrated by authoritarian military governments. C European colonial settlers destroyed indigenous populations and their cultures, replacing them with migrant groups. D Indigenous and migrant elites cooperated to overthrow European colonialism and secure independence.

A Migrant groups often created relatively isolated ethnic enclaves, while receiving societies responded to them through ethnic prejudice.

The numbers in Column B are most likely a reflection of which trend that affected many migrants in the late nineteenth century? A Migrants often lacked opportunities for economic and social advancement as a result of anti-immigrant prejudice and racism in the receiving societies. B Migrants were often able to maintain cultural and religious connections to their home country through letters and newspapers. C Migrants often wanted to assimilate quickly into the dominant linguistic and cultural environment of their receiving societies. D Migrants often returned, either periodically or permanently, to their home societies after saving enough money to start a new life there.

A Migrants often lacked opportunities for economic and social advancement as a result of anti-immigrant prejudice and racism in the receiving societies.

The letter's reference in the third paragraph to the claims of "our doctors and scientists" is best understood in the context of which of the following late nineteenth-century processes? A Physical differences between genders and racial groups were used to justify the denial of rights to women and non-Europeans. B The achievements of medieval Muslim science became known in the West, stimulating new interest in biology and medicine. C Bourgeois ideas of cultural and literary refinement became prevalent in many parts of the world. D The scientific method stressing experimentation and the collection of empirical evidence was discovered and first used

A Physical differences between genders and racial groups were used to justify the denial of rights to women and non-Europeans.

The artist's perspective on the subject of the painting was most likely influenced by which of the following? A The Enlightenment B Nationalism C Social Darwinism D The Haitian Revolution

A The Enlightenment

A historian might argue that the trade described in the passage reflected a turning point in world history primarily because the opium trade A shifted the pattern of historic European trade imbalances with China B marked the transition from mercantilist trade toward capitalist free trade C was the first time that Europeans used migrant labor to grow crops for global distribution D relied upon industrial techniques of production and modern consumer marketing

A shifted the pattern of historic European trade imbalances with China

The arguments expressed in the passage are significant because they help explain why A social divisions within colonial societies often hindered the efforts of anticolonial movements to overthrow imperial rule B syncretic religious movements frequently emerged from cultural differences in colonial societies C nationalist movements against imperial rule often sought to bridge ethnic and religious differences by appealing to popular Enlightenment ideals D settler colonies frequently exacerbated differences between religious groups in colonial societies

A social divisions within colonial societies often hindered the efforts of anticolonial movements to overthrow imperial rule

Which of the following nineteenth-century processes most directly contributed to the migration of Indian laborers to Fiji as described in the passage? A Indian merchants acted as brokers and middlemen for European East India companies. B Colonial states in Asia and the Pacific relied on coerced labor to work on plantations. C Prior to the abolition of the slave trade, Indian slaves were exported to the islands in the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. D Indo-Muslim traders spread Islam to the islands of Southeast Asia.

B Colonial states in Asia and the Pacific relied on coerced labor to work on plantations.

Which of the following pieces of data from the table most directly contradicts the claims of European imperial powers that colonies existed for the benefit of the colonized? A Colonized peoples were expected to pay taxes to support the colonial government. B Expenditures on administrative salaries were far greater than what was spent on public works and infrastructure. C The colonial government received income from the postal system and from telegraph services. D A significant portion of the colonial budget was provided by the French government.

B Expenditures on administrative salaries were far greater than what was spent on public works and infrastructure.

The rapid expansion of European empires in Africa in the late nineteenth century is best explained in the context of which of the following? A Economic competition between European states fostering the creation of transnational business that sought to exchange raw materials from Europe for finished goods from colonies B Political rivalries between European states encouraging diplomatic agreements that reserved colonies for European powers C Rapid population increases in European colonies in Asia encouraging European states to create new colonies for migrants to settle D Revolutions in Europe leading European states to seek troops from colonial populations

B Political rivalries between European states encouraging diplomatic agreements that reserved colonies for European powers

The ability of the French colonial government in Algeria to establish schools for the native Algerian population can best be seen as part of which of the following broader developments in European colonialism in the late nineteenth century? A Some European states established trading-post empires. B Some European states strengthened their control over their existing colonies. C Some European states faced native resistance to their colonization efforts. D Some European states used Social Darwinism to justify their military subjugation of colonial peoples.

B Some European states strengthened their control over their existing colonies.

During the nineteenth century, which of the following most directly motivated the major expansion of imperial territories in Southeast Asia as shown in Map 1 ? A The influence of Christian missionary groups B The desire to extract resources and raw materials C Profits from the global trade in spices and textiles D Threats by Asian states to European transoceanic trade

B The desire to extract resources and raw materials

Late-nineteenth-century transoceanic labor migrations were most directly facilitated by which of the following developments? A The restructuring of traditional social hierarchies B The development of new, more affordable methods of transportation C The growing popularity of free-trade economic policies D The emergence of transnational businesses

B The development of new, more affordable methods of transportation

A historian interpreting the policies advocated for in the passage would most likely argue that they are best explained in the context of which of the following? A The decreasing importance of mercantilist policies in the development of the global economy B The importance of raw materials to the development of industrial economies C The growing importance of Social Darwinist ideology in the development of imperial economies D The importance of access to coerced labor in the development of industrial economies

B The importance of raw materials to the development of industrial economies

On a global scale, the gender makeup of the migrants referred to in the second paragraph best helps to explain which of the following social changes in home societies in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? A Dramatic population increases leading to the adoption of new government policies to limit the birth of children B Women taking on new roles that had been formerly occupied by men C A greater reliance on children performing indentured labor D An increase in workers joining labor unions to demand higher wages

B Women taking on new roles that had been formerly occupied by men

On a global scale, the implementation of the types of policies that Rivett-Carnac advocated for in the passage is most significant in that it directly led to the A dramatic increase of migrants from colonial societies to imperial metropoles B growth of nationalist movements in colonial societies against imperial rule C increased influence of laissez-faire economic philosophies among nationalist leaders in colonial societies D growth of labor union membership among colonial populations

B growth of nationalist movements in colonial societies against imperial rule

The table indicates that Indian labor migration to Trinidad in the mid- to late nineteenth century shared which of the following patterns with global migration processes in the same period? A Both Indian migration to Trinidad and global migration in general involved mostly coerced or semicoerced labor. B Both Indian migration to Trinidad and global migration in general resulted in migrants establishing ethnic enclaves in increasingly cosmopolitan cities. C Both Indian migration to Trinidad and global migration in general involved migrants who were mostly male. D Both Indian migration to Trinidad and global migration in general resulted in receiving societies' governments passing discriminatory anti-immigrant legislation.

C Both Indian migration to Trinidad and global migration in general involved migrants who were mostly male

Based on the third paragraph, Stanley's vision of the future of the Congo River basin can best be seen as part of which of the following late-nineteenth-century developments? A Settler imperialism B The view of imperialism as the "White Man's Burden" C Economic imperialism D The belief that imperialism should be spearheaded by religious missionaries

C Economic imperialism

A historian analyzing the lecture would most likely argue that the audience of Chakravarti's lecture is significant because it shows the most direct contrast with which of the following developments in the nineteenth century? A Religious differences in colonial societies often led to communal violence. B Imperial states often granted preference to religious groups that they felt were less of a threat to their power. C Religious movements often inspired rebellions against imperial rule. D Imperial governments often consulted local religious leaders before issuing important decrees.

C Religious movements often inspired rebellions against imperial rule.

Which of the following processes in the nineteenth century most directly created the economic needs filled by Indian indentured servants in the Caribbean? A The growth of Great Britain's textile manufacturing sector as part of the first Industrial Revolution B The shift from East India Company rule to direct British imperial rule in India C The abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade and of slavery in British colonies D The success of the Latin American revolutions in establishing independent republics in former Spanish American colonies

C The abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade and of slavery in British colonies

In its description of the condition of the Crimean Tatars, the second paragraph most directly provides evidence of the influence of which of the following? A Laissez-faire liberalism B The ideology of nationalism C The concept of the civilizing mission D The racial theory of Social Darwinism

C The concept of the civilizing mission

Which of the following groups in late-nineteenth-century Egypt would have been most likely to support the author's view in the third paragraph about the status of women in "modern civilization" ? A Muslim religious scholars B Rural peasants C The urban middle class D The landed aristocracy

C The urban middle class

Which of the following best describes the artist's likely purpose in painting this particular subject? A To advocate for violent rebellion against British colonial authorities B To demonstrate the racial oppression suffered by free people of color in the West Indies C To argue for the respectability of free people of color D To call for greater emigration by Europeans to the West Indies

C To argue for the respectability of free people of color

The second paragraph best provides information about the way in which states in the nineteenth century A used Enlightenment ideas to justify their attempts to convert conquered populations to Christianity B attempted to consolidate their conquests by enrolling local populations into imperial service C justified territorial expansion by claiming that they were bringing progress to conquered regions D facilitated cultural exchange between different religious groups to conquer neighboring states

C justified territorial expansion by claiming that they were bringing progress to conquered regions

The author's political point of view can be most clearly seen in the way in which the passage A neglects to mention that South Asian migrants were a key source of labor for Western transnational corporations B disparages the development of contemporary Hinduism C omits any mention of the economic exploitation and resource extraction practiced by the British in India D attributes historical events to divine intervention

C omits any mention of the economic exploitation and resource extraction practiced by the British in India

Stanley's description of the riches of the Congo in the first two paragraphs can best be seen as an attempt to A place European expansion in the Congo in the context of earlier imperial ventures that had ended in disaster for the native population of the colonized country B place European expansion in the Congo in the context of other instances in which inter-European rivalries had prevented the successful economic exploitation of colonial territories C place European expansion in the Congo in the context of other imperial ventures that had seemed difficult at first but have subsequently turned out to be highly valuable D place European expansion in the Congo in the context of other instances in which British imperial policies had been proven to be more successful than the policies of other European countries

C place European expansion in the Congo in the context of other imperial ventures that had seemed difficult at first but have subsequently turned out to be highly valuable

Rivett-Carnac's point of view is directly relevant in understanding all of the following features of the report EXCEPT A the fact that the report expresses hope that the railroad will allow more cotton to be exported out of Berar province B the fact that the report claims that the railroad will have the effect of more labor being available for cotton cultivation C the fact that the report states the railroad would lead to a reduction in the area of Berar covered by jungle D the fact that the report envisions that the railroad will be used to import British textiles that would undersell Indian-made cloth

C the fact that the report states the railroad would lead to a reduction in the area of Berar covered by jungle

The revenues section of the table can best be used to illustrate which of the following continuities between pre-1900 and post-1900 European imperialism? A Competition between European colonial powers encouraged imperial expansion. B Some African peoples successfully resisted colonial economic exploitation. C Colonial powers directly subsidized most of the expenditures needed to maintain their colonies. D Colonial powers sought to extract wealth and economic resources from the colonized peoples.

D Colonial powers sought to extract wealth and economic resources from the colonized peoples.

The division of islands such as Borneo, New Guinea, and Timor on both maps best reflects which of the following? A Borders established by early Southeast Asian kingdoms and empires B Natural physical boundaries such as rivers and mountains C Significant linguistic, ethnic, or cultural divisions between the inhabitants D Conquest by and competition between colonial empires

D Conquest by and competition between colonial empires

The expansion of the Russian Empire in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries is primarily explained in the context of which of the following global developments? A European states using their control over maritime trade routes to impoverish non-European societies B European states using joint-stock companies to expand their economic and political dominance over non-European societies C European states taking advantage of religious conflicts in non-European societies to expand their influence D European states acquiring growing technological and military advantages over non-European societies to expand their power

D European states acquiring growing technological and military advantages over non-European societies to expand their powe

The photograph best illustrates which of the following aspects of European colonial policies in nineteenth-century Africa? A European states attempting to encourage colonial populations to emigrate B European states attempting to spread Christianity among colonial populations C European states imposing democratic systems of government in order to prepare colonial populations for self-rule D European states imposing their culture in an attempt to spread their values among colonial population

D European states imposing their culture in an attempt to spread their values among colonial populations

Long-distance immigration to the Americas in the late nineteenth century most often contributed to which of the following processes? A The worsening of gender imbalances in receiving societies, as the great majority of migrants were men B Restrictions on migrants performing industrial labor in factories in the receiving societies C Reverse migration, whereby most migrants returned to their countries of origin after becoming financially secure D Growing rates of urbanization as migrants predominantly settled in cities in the receiving societies

D Growing rates of urbanization as migrants predominantly settled in cities in the receiving societies

The disputes over women's social status alluded to in the letter best reflect which of the following late nineteenth-century changes in Middle Eastern societies? A The abolition of the veil following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire B The expansion of mass public education for both boys and girls C The growing popular support for parliamentary forms of governance D The spread of intellectual and political ideals that advocated for natural rights

D The spread of intellectual and political ideals that advocated for natural rights

The trade described in the passage is best seen as an early example of which of the following? A The economic decline of Asian states resulting from the importation of cheap consumer goods from Europe B The growing economic influence of European immigrants in China C The declining political power of European joint-stock companies in Asia because of states assuming direct imperial control D The use of economic imperialism by European merchants and states

D The use of economic imperialism by European merchants and states