Unit 6:4 Skeletal System
Osteoarthritis
most common form; chronic disease that usually occurs as a result of aging, frequently affects the hips and knees.
Kyphosis
"Hunchback" An abnormal curvature of the spinal column. A rounded bowing of the back at the thoracic area.
Lordosis
"Swayback" An curvature curvature of the spinal column. Abnormal inward curvature of the lumbar region
Compound or Open
Bone breaks and ruptures through the skin; creates an increased chance of infection.
Greenstick Fracture.
Bone is bent and splits, causing a crack or incomplete break; common in children.
Spiral
Bone twists resulting in one or more break; common in skiing and skating accidents
Colles
Breaking and dislocation of the distal radius that causes a characteristic bulge at the wrist; caused by falling on an outstretched hand.
Sternum
Breastbone.
Yellow Marrow
Material inside the medullary canal.
Tibia
Medial bone of the lower leg.
Periosteum
Tough membrane on the outside of bone.
Vertebrae
Twenty-six bones of the spinal column.
7 Cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5 Lumbar, Sacrum, and Coccyx
Twenty-six vertebrae.
Os Coxae
Two bones that form the pelvic girdle.
Reduction
A bone that is put into its proper alignment.
Depressed
A broken piece of skull bone moves inward; common with severe head injuries.
Fractures
A crack or break in a bone.
Scoliosis
A side-to-side, or lateral, curvature of the spine.
Sinuses
Air spaces in the bones of the skull.
Epiphysis
An extremity or end of bone.
Suture
Area where cranial bones have joined together.
Joint
Area where two or more bones join together.
True Ribs
Attach directly to the sternum on the front of the body.
False Ribs
Attach to the carilage of the rib above.
Compound Fracture
Bone breaks and ruptures through the skin; creates an increased chance of infection.
Comminuted Fracture
Bone fragments or splinters into more than two pieces
Osteomyelitis
Bone inflammation usually caused by a pathogenic organism.
Appendicular
Bones that form the extremeties.
Axial
Bones that form the main trunk of the body.
Impacted
Broken bones ends jam into each other.
Simple or closed
Complete break of the bone with no damage to the skin.
Ligament
Connective tissue band that holds bones together.
Frontal, parietal(2x), temporal(2x), occipital, ethmoid, and sphenoid
Eight bones that form the cranium.
Cranium
Eight bones that surround and protect the brain.
Framework, protection, levers, production of blood cells, and storage
Five functions of bones.
Diarthrosis
Freely movable; Ex- ball and socket joints, of the shoulder and hip, or the hinge joint of the elbow and knee.
Floating Ribs
Have NO attachment on the front of the body.
Synathrosis
Immovable; Ex- suture joints of the cranium.
Osteoporosis
Increased porosity or softening of the bones; causes by a hormone deficiency.
Bursitis
Inflammation of the bursae, small, fluid-filled sacs surrounding the joints.
Tarsal
Anklebone.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
chronic inflammatory disease that affects the connective tissue and joints. Three times more common in women than in men.
Ulna
Larger bone of lower arm.
Fibula
Lateral bone of the lower leg.
Diaphysis
Long shaft of bones.
Radius
Lower arm bone on thumb side.
Red Marrow
Material foind in some bones that produces blood cells.
Endosteum
Membrane that lines the medullary canal.
Arthritis
Mostly occurs as a result of aging.
Foramina
Openings in bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone.
Scapula
Shoulder bone or shoulder blade.
Amphiarthrosis
Slightly movable; Ex- Attachment of the ribs to the thoracic vertebrae and the symphysis pubis, or joint between the two pelvic bones.
Xiphoid Process
Small piece of cartilage at the bottom of the sternum.
Hemopoiesis
The formation of blood or blood cells in the living body.
Femur
Thigh bone.
Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis
Three regions on each ox coxae.
Ribs
Twelve pairs of bones that surround the heart and lungs.
Humerus
Upper arm bone.
Dislocation
When a bone is forcibly displaced from a joint.
Sprain
When a twisting action tears the ligaments at a joint.
Carpal
Wrist bone.
