Unit 6:4 Skeletal System

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Osteoarthritis

most common form; chronic disease that usually occurs as a result of aging, frequently affects the hips and knees.

Kyphosis

"Hunchback" An abnormal curvature of the spinal column. A rounded bowing of the back at the thoracic area.

Lordosis

"Swayback" An curvature curvature of the spinal column. Abnormal inward curvature of the lumbar region

Compound or Open

Bone breaks and ruptures through the skin; creates an increased chance of infection.

Greenstick Fracture.

Bone is bent and splits, causing a crack or incomplete break; common in children.

Spiral

Bone twists resulting in one or more break; common in skiing and skating accidents

Colles

Breaking and dislocation of the distal radius that causes a characteristic bulge at the wrist; caused by falling on an outstretched hand.

Sternum

Breastbone.

Yellow Marrow

Material inside the medullary canal.

Tibia

Medial bone of the lower leg.

Periosteum

Tough membrane on the outside of bone.

Vertebrae

Twenty-six bones of the spinal column.

7 Cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5 Lumbar, Sacrum, and Coccyx

Twenty-six vertebrae.

Os Coxae

Two bones that form the pelvic girdle.

Reduction

A bone that is put into its proper alignment.

Depressed

A broken piece of skull bone moves inward; common with severe head injuries.

Fractures

A crack or break in a bone.

Scoliosis

A side-to-side, or lateral, curvature of the spine.

Sinuses

Air spaces in the bones of the skull.

Epiphysis

An extremity or end of bone.

Suture

Area where cranial bones have joined together.

Joint

Area where two or more bones join together.

True Ribs

Attach directly to the sternum on the front of the body.

False Ribs

Attach to the carilage of the rib above.

Compound Fracture

Bone breaks and ruptures through the skin; creates an increased chance of infection.

Comminuted Fracture

Bone fragments or splinters into more than two pieces

Osteomyelitis

Bone inflammation usually caused by a pathogenic organism.

Appendicular

Bones that form the extremeties.

Axial

Bones that form the main trunk of the body.

Impacted

Broken bones ends jam into each other.

Simple or closed

Complete break of the bone with no damage to the skin.

Ligament

Connective tissue band that holds bones together.

Frontal, parietal(2x), temporal(2x), occipital, ethmoid, and sphenoid

Eight bones that form the cranium.

Cranium

Eight bones that surround and protect the brain.

Framework, protection, levers, production of blood cells, and storage

Five functions of bones.

Diarthrosis

Freely movable; Ex- ball and socket joints, of the shoulder and hip, or the hinge joint of the elbow and knee.

Floating Ribs

Have NO attachment on the front of the body.

Synathrosis

Immovable; Ex- suture joints of the cranium.

Osteoporosis

Increased porosity or softening of the bones; causes by a hormone deficiency.

Bursitis

Inflammation of the bursae, small, fluid-filled sacs surrounding the joints.

Tarsal

Anklebone.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

chronic inflammatory disease that affects the connective tissue and joints. Three times more common in women than in men.

Ulna

Larger bone of lower arm.

Fibula

Lateral bone of the lower leg.

Diaphysis

Long shaft of bones.

Radius

Lower arm bone on thumb side.

Red Marrow

Material foind in some bones that produces blood cells.

Endosteum

Membrane that lines the medullary canal.

Arthritis

Mostly occurs as a result of aging.

Foramina

Openings in bones that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone.

Scapula

Shoulder bone or shoulder blade.

Amphiarthrosis

Slightly movable; Ex- Attachment of the ribs to the thoracic vertebrae and the symphysis pubis, or joint between the two pelvic bones.

Xiphoid Process

Small piece of cartilage at the bottom of the sternum.

Hemopoiesis

The formation of blood or blood cells in the living body.

Femur

Thigh bone.

Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis

Three regions on each ox coxae.

Ribs

Twelve pairs of bones that surround the heart and lungs.

Humerus

Upper arm bone.

Dislocation

When a bone is forcibly displaced from a joint.

Sprain

When a twisting action tears the ligaments at a joint.

Carpal

Wrist bone.


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