Unit 7 Digestive practice quiz

The activities of the digestive system are regulated by

a) hormones. b) parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons. c) the contents of the digestive tract. d) intrinsic nerve plexuses. e) All of the answers are correct.

Tony is a chronic alcoholic with cirrhosis of the liver, a condition in which liver cells die and are replaced by connective tissue. Which of the following signs would you expect to observe in Tony?

a) increased clotting time b) jaundice c) portal hypertension and ascites d) All of the answers are correct.

The secretion of acid and enzymes by the gastric mucosa is controlled and regulated by

a) the central nervous system. b) short reflexes coordinated in the stomach wall. c) digestive tract hormones. d) All of the answers are correct.

The large intestine:

a.) contains a normal flora of bacteria b.) has epiploic appendages on its surface c.) has haustra and teniae coli d.) all of the above

Gastric secretion is regulated by:

a.) hormonal mechanisms b.) local nervous reflexes that occur in the stomach wall c.) signals from the stomach mucosa to the brain which causes reflexes back to the stomach through the vagus nerve d.) all of the above

During swallowing:

a.) the soft palate and uvula move up b.) the vocal folds should be in a parallel position c.) peristalsis occurs in the esophagus d.) all of the above

The movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, minerals, and water across the digestive epithelium into interstitial fluid is known as

absorption

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following except

absorption of monosaccharides.

Swallowing involves:

closing the larynx

Brush border enzymes secreted by the mucosa of the small intestine function to:

complete chemical digestion

The muscularis layer of the gastrointestinal tract is:

contains both circular and longitudinal smooth muscle fibers

A sphincter:

controls openings to some digestive system organs

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach:

converts pepsinogen into active pepsin

The ________ are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and slashing.

cuspids

A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would

decrease intestinal motility.

Most of the digestion of food occurs in the:

duodenum and jejunum

The order of the of the small intestine segments, from proximal to distal, is

duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

The crown of a tooth is covered by

enamel

Which of the following is not a direct function of the digestive tract?

energy production

All of the following are composed of smooth muscle except:

external sphincter

About one-third of the food reaching the stomach is digested and absorbed into the blood before leaving the stomach.

false

All movements of the gastrointestinal tract are initiated by nerve impulses originating in the spinal cord or higher brain centers.

false

Eliminating waste products is the most important function of the gastrointestinal tract

false

Swallowing is controlled by gravity. Therefore one cannot swallow when standing on one's head.

false

Which of the following molecules are absorbed in the small intestine?

fatty acids, monosaccharides, and amino acids

Circular folds are

fingerlike projections on the surface of the mucosa of the small intestine.

A bolus is:

food formed into a ball for swallowing

An abnormality in one of the following organs can lead to crystallization of cholesterol compounds which can obstruct ducts. Removal of this organ does not appear to interfere seriously with the patient. This organ is the:

gallbladder

The material which causes fat to emulsify is stored in the:

gallbladder

An intestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is

gastrin

The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is

gastrin

The ridge of oral mucosa that surrounds the base of a tooth is the

gingiva.

A patient is observed to have inflamed and bleeding gums. This condition is called:

gingivitis

Bile salts assist in the digestion of fats by:

making fat globules fragmented (emulsified) so they can more readily be digested by lipase

Which of these structures function to prevent the small intestines from becoming twisted?

mesentery

The ________ supports most of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement

mesentery proper

The ________ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding.

molars

Which types of digestion products are absorbed into blood-containing capillaries of the small intestines?

monosaccharides and amino acids

Choose the correct path of organs through which contents must pass:

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum

The gastroileal reflex

moves some chyme to the colon

The layer of the gastrointestinal tract in direct contact with food or chyme is the:

mucosa

Which of the following is classified as being either squamous or columnar?

mucosal epithelium

A viral infection that often involves the parotid glands, which swell noticeably, is

mumps

The accessory organ which is connected to the small intestine by a duct and which secretes enzymes into the small intestine is:

pancreas

The ________ gland empties into the oral cavity at the level of the second upper molar.

parotid

Chyme is:

partially digested food mixed with secretions found in the stomach or intestine

an enzyme found in gastric juice involved in breaking down proteins

pepsin

Chief cells secrete

pepsinogen.

Which of the following are enzymes secreted by the pancreas?

procarboxypeptidase

The enzyme pepsin digests

proteins

The chamber within a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the

pulp cavity

The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the

pylorus

The ________ of the liver lies between the left lobe and the gallbladder.

quadrate lobe

The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release enzymes and buffers is

secretin

Gastrin:

secretion may be increased by the distension of the stomach due to the presence of food

Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the

submucosa

Which of the following enzymes is correctly matched with their substrate?

sucrase/disaccharides

The duodenal ampulla receives secretions from the

the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct

The pressure within the stomach would tend to force the contents of the stomach into the esophagus. However, this does not occur because of:

the gastroesophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter)

Which of the following is true concerning the control of secretions by the stomach?

the hormone gastrin promotes additional gastric secretions

Stimulation of the vagus nerve increases activity in the gastrointestinal tract.

true

Which of the following enzymes is specific for proteins?

trypsin

A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the

uvula

Which of the following contribute the most to the neural control of the gastrointestinal tract?

vagus nerve and plexuses in the submucosa and muscularis

Movement of the gastrointestinal tract is characterized by:

-local, segmental contractions to churn food -waves of contraction to move food uni-directionally through the tract

Enzymes involved in the digestion of carbohydrates are secreted by:

-the salivary glands -pancreas

The secondary dentition usually has how many teeth?

32

an enzyme secreted by the salivary glands

Amylase

The ingestion of a meal with a high fat content may cause which of the following to occur?

Bile would be released to emulsify the fat in the duodenum.

The ________ crush and grind food

Both bicuspids and molars

Which of the following is true concerning pepsinogen?

It reacts with HCl to yield pepsin.

The Kupffer cells of the liver

a) destroy damaged RBCs b) destroy bacteria c) present antigens d) are phagocytic e) All of the answers are correct

an enzyme found in pancreatic juice involved in breaking down fat

Lipase

Which of the following is true concerning the cephalic phase of gastric activity?

The sight and smell of food trigger gastric secretions

an enzyme found in pancreatic juice involved in breaking down proteins

Trypsin

Gastrin is:

a hormone which stimulates secretion of HCl by the parietal cells

Which of the following are absorbed in the small intestines?

amino acids

The carbohydrate in a coke would most likely be digested by which of the following?

amylase

The esophagus connects to which region of the stomach?

cardia

Lacteals

carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system.

Pepsin:

catabolizes proteins

The presence of fat in the duodenum:

causes the release of cholecystokinin

An intestinal hormone that stimulates contraction of the gallbladder to release bile is

cholecystokinin

Secretin and cholecystokinin are:

hormones secreted by the duodenum

Gastric ulcers may be caused by:

hypersecretion of HCl

Circular folds and intestinal villi

increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine

Constipation is a condition:

involving increased water absorption from the large intestine

The large intestine:

is important in the absorption of water and some vitamins

The passage of food from the mouth to the stomach:

is initiated voluntarily but continues as a reflex

Pepsinogen:

is produced by the chief cells of the gastric mucosa

Which of the following is not true of bile?

it contains enzymes important in the digestion of fat

The middle segment of the small intestine is the

jejunum

The fat in a peanut butter sandwich would be digested by which enzyme below?

lipase

Fats are digested by:

lipase secreted by the pancreas

The basic functional unit of the liver is the

lobule

The event which increases the secretion of serous (watery) saliva is:

signals from the parasympathetic nervous system

The absorption of fatty acids occurs via:

specialized lymph structures called lacteals in the duodenum

Which of these descriptions best matches the term gastrin?

stimulates gastric secretion

The oral mucosa has ________ epithelium.

stratified squamous

Stimulation of secretions from the pancreas may be caused by:

the presence of acid in the small intestine

Which of the following will stimulate the secretion of hydrochloric acid by the stomach?

the secretion gastrin

At the right colic flexure, the colon becomes the

transverse colon