Unit 7 Progress Check

A researcher wants to determine if ponds and lakes downwind of a coal-burning power plant are affected by the plant's emissions. Which of the following would be the best parameter from the water in the ponds and lakes to measure in order to determine the effect of the plant's emissions on the aquatic ecosystems? A pH B Biological oxygen demand (BOD) C Carbon dioxide D Volatile organic compounds ( VOCs )

A pH

Which of the following best describes the process shown in the diagram above? A Less-dense, cool air rises up and mixes with the denser warm air above it, increasing the amount of thermal pollution in the atmosphere. B Less-dense, warm air creates a temperature inversion between more-dense layers, trapping pollutants near the ground. C Dense, warm air from the mountains on the right pushes into the less-dense, cool air mass, causing an inversion layer. D Movement of air currents over urban areas decreases the amount of photochemical smog during summer months.

B Less-dense, warm air creates a temperature inversion between more-dense layers, trapping pollutants near the ground.

Based on the data in the graph, which of the following insulation options is ineffective at insulating a home and greatly contributes to indoor air pollution? A Blown cellulose B Mineral fiber batt C Expanded polystyrene

B Mineral fiber batt

Which of the following claims is best supported by the data shown in the table? A Ozone levels are not a serious air quality concern in Berlin. B Ozone levels in Berlin were consistently higher in 2014 than in 2006. C Isoprene's contribution to ozone levels in Berlin was greatest in July of both years. D Isoprene levels were negatively correlated with maximum temperature.

C Isoprene's contribution to ozone levels in Berlin was greatest in July of both years.

Which of the following best describes the efficiency of dry scrubbers at removing particles that are less than 2 micrometers in diameter? A Dry scrubbers are less than 20% efficient at removing particles less than 1μm and increase to over 50% efficiency at removing particles between 1 and 2μm. B Dry scrubbers are between 50% and 90% efficient at removing particles less than 2μm, depending on the flow rate. C Dry scrubbers are between 5% and 40% efficient at removing particles less than 2μm in size. D Dry scrubbers are less than 10% efficient at removing particles less than 1μm in size.

D Dry scrubbers are less than 10% efficient at removing particles less than 1μm in size.

Which of the following points on the graph best illustrates the location where pollutants are most likely to accumulate as a result of a thermal inversion? A Point A B Point B C Point C D Point D

D Point D

Which of the following is commonly used to remove sulfur dioxide from the exhaust of a coal-fired power plant? a. Scrubber b. Catalytic converter c. Baghouse filter d. Electrostatic precipitator

a. Scrubber

Which type of secondary pollutant is represented by the model above? a. Industrial smog b. Acid precipitation c. Global warming d. Photochemical smog

d. Photochemical smog

What is one potential impact of increased noise pollution in national parks that is supported by the article? A Predator-prey interactions will intensify in national parks because of stress caused by noise pollution. B Prey populations are likely to increase in national parks because predators have a decreased ability to hear prey sounds. C Prey populations are likely to experience biomagnification of noise pollution. D Predator species will expand their range beyond park boundaries because of increased noise pollution.

B Prey populations are likely to increase in national parks because predators have a decreased ability to hear prey sounds.

Which of the following is most responsible for the change in the emissions of volatile organic compounds ( VOC ) from 1970 to 2020 as shown in the graph? A A decrease in the number of vehicles fitted with catalytic converters and an increase in the number of hybrid vehicles beginning in 1970. B A decrease in the average driving distance in the United States from 1970 to 2020 that resulted from increased urbanization. C An increase in air emission standards that began in 1970 that regulated corporate average fuel economy ( CAFE ) standards. D An increase in VOC emissions from car exhausts that resulted from increased driving distances from 1970 to 2020.

C An increase in air emission standards that began in 1970 that regulated corporate average fuel economy ( CAFE ) standards.

Which of the following claims is best supported by the evidence provided by the article? A Frog populations may increase in size as a result of the changes in male vocalizations. B Female frogs are beginning to prefer male frogs with higher pitched calls. C More experienced male frogs are no longer preferred by female frogs. D Frog populations may decrease in size as a result of males changing the pitch of their calls.

D Frog populations may decrease in size as a result of males changing the pitch of their calls.

Which of the following parameters would have been best to measure to help explain the variation in her results? A Percent of cloudy days over the two months B Particle size of the soils in the field C Depth of the organic matter in the soil D Wind direction and speed

D Wind direction and speed

The pH of acid rain is typically between 4 and 5. The pH of normal rain can be as low as 6, though it is typically closer to 6.5. Assuming you are in an area where rainfall is closer to 6, determine how much stronger acid rain is than normal rainfall? a. 10-100 times stronger b. 100-1,000 times stronger c. 10-10,000 times stronger d. 1-10 times stronger

a. 10-100 times stronger

Which of the following is a colorless and odorless gas that binds to hemoglobin in blood? a. Carbon monoxide b. Methane c. Formaldehyde d. Ozone

a. Carbon monoxide

Which of the following terrestrial ecosystems is most vulnerable to damage by acid precipitation? a. Mountaintop forests b. High deserts c. Tropical rainforests d. Temperate rainforests

a. Mountaintop forests

Which of the following is a secondary pollutant and major component of photochemical smog? a. Tropospheric ozone b. Radon c. Stratospheric ozone d. Formaldehyde

a. Tropospheric ozone

A car has an efficiency of 24 miles per gallon. On average, 20 lbs of carbon dioxide are released per gallon of gasoline burned. Calculate the carbon dioxide release if this car is driven 90 miles in one week. a. 108 lbs b. 75 lbs c. 90 lbs d. 20 lbs

b. 75 lbs

Which of the following is a strategy for reducing the effects of acid rain? a. Reducing the depth of soils b. Adding methyl mercury to lakes c. Adding calcium carbonate to soils d. Applying a layer of granite under lakes

c. Adding calcium carbonate to soils

Which of the following indoor air pollutants is used as insulation and is known to cause lung cancer? a. Fiberglass b. Sulfur dioxide c. Asbestos d. Expandable foam insulation

c. Asbestos

Which of the following is a naturally occurring indoor air pollutant? a. Carbon monoxide b. Chlorofluorocarbons c. Ozone d. Radon

d. Radon

Which of the following is a primary pollutant that is instrumental in the formation of acid precipitation? a. Particulates b. PANs c. Ozone d. Sulfur oxides

d. Sulfur oxides

Which of the following statements is true of the model above? a. Temperature inversions contribute to global warming b. Temperature inversions occur primarily in large areas of flat topography c. Temperature inversions inhibit the formation of ground-level ozone d. Temperature inversions trap pollutants in the lower layer of cold air

d. Temperature inversions trap pollutants in the lower layer of cold air

Which of the following is a characteristic shared by the organims that show evidence of high concentrations of pollutants? a. They are all warm-blooded. b. They are all aquatic. c. They are all terrestrial. d. They are all upper-level consumers.

d. They are all upper-level consumers.

In addition to a nearby mountain range, which of the following environmental conditions would be required for the process in the diagram to occur? A A cool sea breeze and a high pressure system B A warm mountain breeze and a low pressure system C A cool sea breeze and a low pressure system D A cool mountain breeze and a high pressure system

A A cool sea breeze and a high pressure system

Which of the following is most likely responsible for the indoor air pollutant shown in the graph? A Cracks in the basement foundation B Synthetic fiber in carpets and furniture C Leaking water D Pet hair

A Cracks in the basement foundation

The graph shows the average distance traveled by individuals in a population in an urban area in the southwestern United States. Based on the data, which of the following months most likely experiences the highest levels of photochemical smog? A July B August C November D December

A July

Which of the following devices is correctly paired to the air pollutant it would be used to measure? A Measuring Device Pollutant Measured Gas sensor CO2 B Measuring Device Pollutant Measured Electrostatic precipitator CO C Measuring Device Pollutant Measured Sound pressure level sensor Particulate Matter D Measuring Device Pollutant Measured Catalytic converter VOCs

A Measuring Device Pollutant Measured Gas sensor CO2

Which of the following best describes the impact of modifying the slurry by increasing the amount of limestone? A The amount of sulfur dioxide released will decrease. B The amount of ground-level ozone released will decrease. C The amount of water released will increase. D The amount of carbon monoxide released will increase.

A The amount of sulfur dioxide released will decrease.

Which of the following best describes how a scientist could accurately study the effects of soil buffering on plant growth in a region that is affected by acid deposition downwind of a coal-burning power plant? A Measure changes in plant height over a year in a two different groups of trees; one group is 5km from the power plant and one group is 10km from the power plant. B Measure the changes in plant height over a year in two different groups of trees the same distance from the power plant; one group is in topsoil and one group is in topsoil with limestone added. C Measure changes in plant biomass over a year in two different groups of trees the same distance from the power plant; one group is not manipulated and one group is watered daily to dilute the deposition's acidity. D Measure changes in plant biomass over a year in two different groups of trees; one group is 5km from the power plant over limestone bedrock and one group is 10km from the power plant that has nitrogen and phosphorus added to the topsoil.

B Measure the changes in plant height over a year in two different groups of trees the same distance from the power plant; one group is in topsoil and one group is in topsoil with limestone added.

Which of the following is the most likely reason for the trend shown in the graph of fluctuating indoor radon levels over the course of a year? A Home windows are often closed during summer months, causing the levels of radon in the house to build up. B Barometric pressure changes from summer storms can cause radon levels to increase. C Radon levels tend to increase in the colder months because of the difference in temperature inside and outside the home, which creates a vacuum pulling radon into the home at a higher rate. D Increased levels of radon are linked to burning biomass indoors, which increases in winter months when more biomass is burned for cooking and heating.

C Radon levels tend to increase in the colder months because of the difference in temperature inside and outside the home, which creates a vacuum pulling radon into the home at a higher rate.

Which of the following best describes how their choice of control group could affect the results of their experiment? A Using this control would not have an effect on the outcome because the high temperature of the hot spring reduces the acidity of the water in the lake. B The coal-burning power plant would appear to have a much larger effect on the pH of the experimental group because the pH in the control lake would be elevated from the acidic water. C The coal-burning power plant would not appear to have a large impact because the pH levels of the two lakes would be similar. D The coal-burning power plant would affect both lakes because the Coriolis effect and weather patterns would circulate pollutants in the atmosphere.

C The coal-burning power plant would not appear to have a large impact because the pH levels of the two lakes would be similar.

Scientists have been collecting atmospheric CO2 data for many years to monitor changes over time. Which of the following best describes why an island location, such as the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, is an ideal location to measure global CO2 concentrations? A The island is also a dormant volcano, so there will be only anthropogenic atmospheric CO2 measured at the site. B The location is below the inversion layer, making it less prone to local effects from industry and transportation. C The location is far from any continent, providing atmospheric air samples that are less likely to be affected by industry and transportation. D The impact of primary producers in the surrounding Pacific Ocean is negligible, reducing the effect of photosynthesis and respiration on CO2 levels.

C The location is far from any continent, providing atmospheric air samples that are less likely to be affected by industry and transportation.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between variables in the data table? A Impact factor causes a change in temperature maximum. B Isoprene levels vary depending on traffic and urbanization. C Ozone maximum is correlated to average and maximum temperature. D Changes in average temperature are linked to changes in land use in Berlin.

C) Ozone maximum is correlated to average and maximum temperature.

Which of the following methods would best identify changes from acid deposition in an area over time? A Calculating the change in sulfur dioxide emissions from coal-burning power plants over time B Mapping out coal-burning power plant locations over the past 50 years C Measuring the pH of rainwater and surface water in affected areas D Monitoring the long-term chemical and biological parameters of an ecosystem

D Monitoring the long-term chemical and biological parameters of an ecosystem

Based on the author's claim in the article, which of the following statements best describes the effect of noise pollution on wildlife? A Noise pollution is being managed in such a way as to not significantly interfere with wildlife in national parks. B Noise in national parks has an overall positive effect on wildlife and has led to an increase in biodiversity. C Stressors such as winter weather, disease, and food shortages are having a greater effect on wildlife than noise pollution. D Noise pollution has a negative effect on wildlife activities such as mating, establishing territories, and predator-prey interactions.

D Noise pollution has a negative effect on wildlife activities such as mating, establishing territories, and predator-prey interactions.

Air pollution from a power plant is being monitored for levels of nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone. The levels are measured daily at the same time. Which of the following best predicts the impact of a dark and cloudy day on the readings for the levels of air pollutants measured? A There will be no change in the levels of nitrogen dioxide or ground-level ozone. B There will be a decrease in the level of nitrogen dioxide and an increase in the level of ground-level ozone. C There will be an increase in the levels of both nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone. D There will be an increase in the level of nitrogen dioxide and a decrease in the level of ground-level ozone.

D There will be an increase in the level of nitrogen dioxide and a decrease in the level of ground-level ozone.

Based on the data in the graph, which of the following methods would be most effective at removing the greatest amount of particulate matter from coal-burning power plant emissions? A Dry scrubbers using a flow rate of 200Lmin are best suited to remove small particles. B Dry scrubbers using a flow rate of 450Lmin are best suited to remove large particles. C Wet scrubbers using a flow rate of 300Lmin are best suited to remove small particles. D Wet scrubbers using a flow rate of 450Lmin are best suited to remove large particles.

D Wet scrubbers using a flow rate of 450Lmin are best suited to remove large particles.

Which of the following is most likely to occur during the development of photochemical smog on a typical hot, sunny day in a big city? a. Nitric oxide reaches its lowest concentration around 12 noon. b. Nitrogen oxide reaches its peak concentration around 6 p.m. c. Ozone reaches its lowest concentration around 11 a.m. d. Nitrogen dioxide reaches its peak concentration around 3 p.m.

a. Nitric oxide reaches its lowest concentration around 12 noon.

According to the author, the source of the pollutants found in the arctic organisms is a. due to the movement of pollutants from nonpolar regions to polar regions. b. due to the annual migration of grasshoppers. c. due to the thermohaline circulation in the oceans. d. due to the topography of the earth.

a. due to the movement of pollutants from nonpolar regions to polar regions.