Unit 7-Reinforcement Schedules

A major goal of most behavior change programs is the development of:

-Events to function as reinforcement. -Stimuli. -Naturally occurring activities.

A schedule of reinforcement is a rule that describes:

A contingency of reinforcement.

With variable reinforcement, a number representing the __________ number of responses required for reinforcement is determined.

Average

Every time Baxter raised his hand in class, Mrs. Tulley called on him. What schedule of reinforcement is Baxter's hand raising on?

Continuous reinforcement.

Timmy has just recently begun clearing his plate after he finishes his meal. Timmy's mother really likes this new behavior and would like to see more of it. Which schedule of reinforcement should Timmy's mother use to strengthen Timmy's new behavior of clearing his plate?

Continuous reinforcement.

When just beginning to shape a new behavior, what general type of reinforcement schedule should you use for the initial responses?

Continuous schedule.

Nicole's teacher praises her for every math problem that she completes. This is an example of a(n) _____________ reinforcement schedule.

Continuous.

Tim is just learning to read. Which reinforcement schedule would be the most effective for him?

Continuous.

Continuous reinforcement provides a reinforcer for:

Each occurrence of behavior.

A fixed interval schedule of reinforcement provides reinforcement for the first correct response following a:

Fixed duration of time.

The four basic schedules of intermittent reinforcement are:

Fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, and variable interval.

Tom's supervisor tells him that for every 10 cars Tom sells, he will get a $500 bonus. This is an example of a _______________ reinforcement schedule.

Fixed ratio.

Schedule thinning refers to:

Gradually increasing the response ratio or the duration of the time interval.

Behavior analysts use intermittent reinforcement to:

Maintain established behaviors.

In ____________ procedures, a reinforcer is removed following the occurrence of the behavior and the behavior decreases in the future. In ____________ procedures a punisher is applied following the occurrence of the behavior and the behavior decreases in the future.

Negative punishment, positive punishment.

Common side effects associated with ________ include avoidance, aggression, and pauses in behavior.

Ratio strain

In a ____________ reinforcement schedule, the reinforcer is delivered for the first response following an average of X amount of time.

Variable interval

A telemarketer has to make a certain number of calls before a sale is made. However, the telemarketer does not know the exact number of calls that will be required in order to make a sale. This is an example of a _________ schedule of reinforcement:

Variable ratio

Verbal praise does not appear to be a reinforcer for Jack. However, he works very hard to earn gummy bears. The therapist is always presenting verbal praise simultaneously when presenting a gummy bear to Jack. In this example, what is the therapist trying to establish?

Verbal praise as a conditioned reinforcer.