Unit 8: Musculoskeletal Disorders

11. Tumors originating in bone ____________. A. are less common than metastases from other sites B. most frequently affect the elderly C. typically are malignant rather than benign D. originate in the haversian canals

A. are less common than metastases from other sites

5. The most common malignant tumor of bone is ____________. A. osteosarcoma B. ewingsarcoma C. osteochondroma D. chondrosarcoma

A. osteosarcoma

Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is true? A. A symptom of compartment syndrome is poor muscle tone. B. It is due to increased pressure between fascial planes C.It results in impaired fracture healing. D. It can be avoided if the fracture is properly aligned.

B. It is due to increased pressure between fascial planes

10. Healing of fractures involves ____________. A. conversion of a hematoma into new bone B. callus formation and consolidation C. early activation of osteoblasts D. more rapid resolution in cortical bone

B. callus formation and consolidation

6. The primary symptom of multiple myeloma is bone pain. This is because ____________. A. nerves in bone are more sensitive than those anywhere else in the body B. excessive plasma cell proliferation occurs in the bone marrow C. early metastasis to bone is very common D. as the tumor grows, periosteum is destroyed

B. excessive plasma cell proliferation occurs in the bone marrow

9. What is the complication called when a fracture has not healed in 4 to 6 months? A. Delayed union B. Malunion C. Non-union D. Disunion

C. Non-union

3. Paget disease differs from osteoporosis in that ____________. A. only Paget disease has a hereditary component B. osteoporosisis characterized by excessive and abnormal bone growth C. Paget disease can affect the cranial bones D. osteoporosis primarily affects the long bones

C. Paget disease can affect the cranial bones

2. Risk factors for the development of osteoporosis include ____________. A. male gender B. african-American race C. decreased weight bearing exercise D. previous traumatic fractures

C. decreased weight bearing exercise

7. A major difference between an injury to a ligament and an injury to a tendon is that ____________. A. ligamental injury typically produces decreased muscle strength B. decreased range of motion is common with tendon injury C. passive stretching of an injured ligament will cause pain D. pain is always greater with tendon injuries because more nerve tissue is involved

C. passive stretching of an injured ligament will cause pain

8. All muscular dystrophies have in common ____________. A. a childhood onset B. as low on set and progression C. progressive weakness and degeneration of muscles D. the specific muscles that are affected

C. progressive weakness and degeneration of muscles

A deficiency of vitamin _________ produces soft bones and is called osteomalacia in adults, and rickets when it is found in children.

D

4. The primary reason osteomyelitis is so difficult to manage is that ____________. A. the origin of the infection is usually elsewhere in the body B. antibiotics that are effective against the causative organisms do not exist C. cysts form around the infection D. it is difficult to obtain sufficient antibiotic concentration in bone tissue

D. it is difficult to obtain sufficient antibiotic concentration in bone tissue

Site of linear growth of long bones

Epiphyseal plate

12. Rickets is associated with adults who have a mature skeletal system. TRUE/FALSE

False

17. Multiple Myeloma involves the lymph nodes with resultant Reed Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes. TRUE/FALSE

False

18. Tendons are considered "inert tissue" because they do not contract. TRUE/FALSE

False

19. Skeletal muscle will atrophy when stressed and will hypertrophy when not used. TRUE/FALSE

False

2. Osteoclasts are cells that lay down bone and originate from bone stem cells. TRUE/FALSE

False

21. Myasthenia Gravis involves blocked acetylcholine muscle receptors with resultant hyperexcitability of muscles. TRUE/FALSE

False

24. Rheumatoid arthritis is a non-inflammatory type of disorder. TRUE/FALSE

False

26. Scleroderma involves fusion of vertebrae that are inflamed. TRUE/FALSE

False

3. During Callus formation with healing of a bone fracture, the bone is strong enough to bear weight. TRUE/FALSE

False

4. Ligaments connect muscles to bones. TRUE/FALSE

False

6. Cancellous bone forms the outer/cortex shell of bone. TRUE/FALSE

False

8. Damage to the epiphyseal growth plate of a long bone in an adult can result in altered growth of the long bone. TRUE/FALSE

False

9. Closed/simple fractures can increase the person's chance of developing an infection. TRUE/FALSE

False

A compound fracture is one that is smashed, producing multiple fragments of bone. T/F

False

A partial separation of the articulating surfaces of bones within a joint is called a dislocation. T/F

False

Soft tissue injuries heal more rapidly than fractures T/F

False

________ fractures are most commonly seen in childhood, when bone is most flexible.

Greenstick

Connective tissues that connect bone to bone.

Ligaments

Stage of fracture healing in which callus is replaced by cancellous/trabeculr bone.

Ossification

Cells responsible for deposition of bone.

Osteoblasts

Cells responsible for the resorption of bone

Osteoclasts

Mature bone cells

Osteocytes

Bone demineralization in multiple myeloma can result in hypercalcemia and pathologic fractures. T/F

TRUE

Connective tissues that connect muscles to bone

Tendons

1. Functions of the skeletal system include permitting movement of the body and protection for internal organs. TRUE/FALSE

True

10. A complication in bone healing can include malunion which means that there is incorrect alignment of the fragments of the fractured bone due to unequal stress of pull of muscle and gravity. TRUE/FALSE

True

11. Neurovascular injury can occur at the time of fracture of a bone, or as a result of damage caused by the treatment of the fracture. TRUE/FALSE

True

13. Paget disease occurs when have excess osteoclast activity followed by excess osteoblast activity. TRUE/FALSE

True

14. Osteomyelitis involves a severe infection of bone with staphylococcus aureus the most common pathogen. TRUE/FALSE

True

15. Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor. TRUE/FALSE

True

16. Ewing sarcoma is a primary sarcoma that grows quickly in long bones. TRUE/FALSE

True

20. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy results in progressive muscle weakness and degeneration of muscle which is present @ birth with symptoms noted by 3 y.o. TRUE/FALSE

True

22. Fibromyalgia involves widespread chronic pain in person's muscles with unknown etiology. TRUE/FALSE

True

23. Osteoarthritis pathogenesis involves degeneration of the joint articular cartilage related to wear and tear on weight-bearing joints. TRUE/FALSE

True

25. Bone can eventually become eroded in a person with Rheumatoid Arthritis. TRUE/FALSE

True

27. Hemophilic arthropathy can occur in someone who has clotting abnormalities with resultant bleeding into the joint eventually causing deformity of joint. TRUE/FALSE

True

28. Gout can predispose the person to developing uric acid renal calculi. TRUE/FALSE

True

5. Bone is vascular and is able to repair itself. TRUE/FALSE

True

7. A comminuted bone fracture results in bone fragments which can damage soft tissue. TRUE/FALSE

True

A comminuted fracture is a result of a crushing injury and produces multiple bone fragments. T/F

True

All forms of muscular dystrophy have a genetic cause T/F

True

Damage to supportive soft tissue is the underlying basis of subluxation and dislocation. T/F

True

Osteomyelitis is most often due to infection by Staphylococcus aureus. T/F

True

Defective bone mineralization due to a deficiency of vitamin D in childhood is called ricketts whereas its adult counterpart is called _________

osteomalacia