Unit 8: Statistics Vocabulary

Spread

A measure of how much a collection of data is spread out. Commonly used types include range and quartiles. Displays the variation of the data.

Outlier

A number in a set of data that is much larger or smaller than most of the other numbers in the set.

Gap

A place on a graph where no data values are present.

Statistical Variability

A variability or spread in a variable or a probability distribution. Common examples of measures of statistical dispersion are the standard deviation and interquartile range.

Dot Plot

Also known as a line plot. A diagram showing frequency of data on a number line.

Measures of Center

An average: a single value that is used to represent a collection of data. Examples: Mode, Median, Mean

Histogram

A bar graph in which the labels for the bars are numerical intervals.

Box Plot

A diagram that shows the five number summary of a distribution. (Five number summary includes lowest value, lower quartile, median, upper quartile, and the highest value).

Cluster

A group of the same or similar elements gathered or occurring closely together on a graph.

Measure of Variation

A measure of how much a collection is spread out. Commonly used types include range and quartiles.

Data

Information, especially numerical information. Usually organized for analysis.

Mean Absolute Deviation

The absolute difference between an element of data and a given point (i.e. the mean).

Range

The difference between the greatest number and the least number in a set of numbers.

Interquartile Range (IQR)

The difference between the upper quartile and the lower quartile.

Upper Extreme/Maximum

The greatest or largest number out of a data set.

First Quartile

The middle (median) of the lower half of the data on a box plot.

Third Quartile

The middle (median) of the upper half of the data on a box plot.

Median

The middle number of a set of numbers when the numbers are arranged from least to greatest, or the mean of the two middle numbers when the set has an even amount of data points.

Statistics

The science of collecting, organizing, representing, and interpreting data.

Lower Extreme/Minimum

The smallest or least number of a data set.

Mean

The sum of a set of numbers divided by the number of elements in the set (A type of average).