Unit Exam chapters 11-14

Paresthesia is described as:

A sensation of numbness, prickling, or tingling.

A condition usually caused by exposure to toxins, radiation, or certain drugs in which the bone marrow stops producing blood cells is

Aplastic anemia

Complications of myocardial infarction may include:

Arrhythmias and congestive heart failure. Cardiogenic shock and mitral regurgitation. Ventricular aneurysm. All of the answers are correct

Essential hypertension is:

Considered to be idiopathic

Hypothyroidism appearing as a congenital condition is called:

Cretinism.

Coronary artery disease is the weakening of the coronary arteries due to age.

False: is NOT the weakening of the coronary arteries due to age.

The endocrine system is made up of the pituitary gland, the thyroid gland, and the pancreas.

False: made up of much more

The pituitary gland, located at the front of the brain, is often called the master gland.

False: not in the front of the braid...in center

Fasting blood glucose is a test taken randomly over 6 hours.

False: over 12 - 24 hours

The pancreas produces prolactin.

False: produces insulin

Diastole is the contraction phase of the heart.

False: relaxing phase

There are six parathyroid glands that surround the thyroid in the neck.

False: there are 4

Type 2 diabetes requires regular injections of insulin.

False: type 2 doesn't normally need insulin injections

Megaloblasts are found in:

Folic acid deficiency anemia.

Two diseases resulting from hyperfunction of the pituitary gland are

Gigantism and acromegaly

The classic manifestations of Graves disease are

Goiter, symptoms of thyrotoxicosis, ophthalmopathy, dermopathy, and nervousness

Initial treatment of pernicious anemia includes:

Injections of vitamin B12.

Angina pectoris:

Is a signal that the heart is not getting enough blood and oxygen.

Graves disease

Is the most common form of hyperthyroidism.

An abnormal accumulation of lymph usually in the extremities is called:

Lymphedema.

Symptoms of Cushing syndrome include:

Moon-shaped face and purple striae.

Tetany is

Muscle spasms and overactive neurological redlexes.

A life-threatening condition caused by occlusion of coronary arteries with subsequent necrosis of heart muscle is called:

Myocardial infarction.

In women, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and shortness of breath could indicate:

Myocardial infarction.

A life-threatening complication of severe hypothyroidism is:

Myxedema coma.

Risk factors for diabetes mellitus type 2 include:

Obesity and sedentary lifestyle.

Hypofunction of all the anterior pituitary hormones is called:

Panhypopituitarism.

An acute or chronic inflammation of the saclike membrane that surrounds the heart is called:

Pericarditis.

A type of anemia characterized by the appearance of large-sized, abnormal red blood cells as a result of inadequate levels of vitamin B12 is called:

Pernicious anemia.

Induration, redness, and tenderness along a superficial vein are signs of

Thrombophlebitis.

Inflammation of a vein in conjunction with the formation of a clot is:

Thrombophlebitis.

Bruit

abnormal heart sound heard during auscilation

Hyperglycemia

abnormally high levels of glucose concentration in the blood

Effusion

an escape of fluid

Adenohypophysis

anterior portion of the pituitary gland

Iatrogenic

caused by medical treatment

Dyspnea

difficult breathing

Retinopathy

disease of the retina of the eye

Vasodilator

drugs to relax and expand the vessels

Polyphagia

eating abnormally large amounts of food

Hirsutism

excessive hair growth in women where it does not normally grow

Polydipsia

excessive thirst

Dilatation

expansion of organ or vessel

Cardiac tamponade

fluid in pericardium compresses the heart

Glycosuria

glucose in the urine

Vasopressin

helps to regulate the amount of fluid the kidneys release as urine

Hyperkalemia

high blood levels of potassium

Reticulocyte

immature form of RBC's

Transsphenoidal

incision through the nose to remove tumor

Cellulitis

inflammation of connective tissue

Lymphangitis

inflammation of the lymph vessels

Megakaryocyte

large bone marrow cell with multiple nuclei

Idiopathic

of unknown cause

Petechiae

pinpoint hemorrhagic spots on the skin

Exophthalmos

protruding eyeballs

Cardioversion

reset's heart's rhythm to normal sinus

Adenoma

slow growing glandular tumors

Goitrogens

substances that suppress thyroid function

Hematopoietic

tissue related to the blood cells in the bone marrow

Ketoacidosis

unusually high levels of ketones in the blood

Aortic insufficiency:

Causes left ventricular hypertrophy and failure.

A neoplasm characterized by the hyperproliferation of abnormal, immature white cell precursors called blasts is known as

Acute myeloid leukemia.

Signs and symptoms of hyperparathyroidism include

All of the above

A local dilation of an artery or chamber of the heart due to weakening of its walls is called:

Aneurysm.

Chest pain resulting from ischemia to a part of the myocardium is called

Angina pectoris.

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome usually experience menorrhagia.

False: Women with PCOS usually DO NOT experience menorrhagia

Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of:

Blindness.

Mitral valve insufficiency causes

Blood to backflow into the left atrium.

Lacteal

Capillaries in the villus of the small intestine

Insufficient secretion of vasopressin causes

Diabetes insipidus

An endocrine disease caused by insufficient secretion of vasopressin and resulting in excessive thirst and polyuria is known as:

Diabetes insipidus.

The most common acute complications of diabetes mellitus are:

Diabetic coma and insulin shock.

The treatment for diabetes mellitus includes a combination of:

Diet and exercise

The etiologic factors of simple goiter include

Dietary iodine deficiency. All of the above Inadequate secretion of thyroid hormones T3 and T4. Ingestion of goitrogens.

An inflammation with abnormal "vegetations" in the membrane lining of the heart valves is called:

Endocarditis

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism due to over production of insulin.

False: a chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism due to underproduction of insulin.

In Cushing syndrome, a 12-hour urine test will typically exhibit elevated free-cortisol levels.

False: 24 hour urine test will typically exhibit elevated free-cortisol levels.

High doses of a combination of antibiotics is the treatment of choice for Hodgkin lymphoma.

False: Chemo and Radiation are the treatment of choice for Hodgkin's

A neoplastic malignancy of the lymphatic system characterized by painless enlargement of the lymph nodes and spleen is called

Hodgkin disease

Cushing syndrome is:

Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex

Excessive thirst is known as:

Polydipsia.

A diagnostic procedure for aplastic anemia would include:

Reticulocyte count.

Hypertension may include the following vague signs and symptoms:

Tinnitus and lightheadedness

A goiter is hyperplasia of the thyroid gland

True - goiter is hyperplasia of the thyroid gland

The American Diabetes Association reports that about 4% of pregnant women develop GDM (gestational diabetes).

True: 4% of pregnant women develop GDM

Endocarditis is also known as infective carditis.

True: Endocarditis is also known as infective carditis.

Another name for myocardial infarction is heart attack.

True: MI is a heart attack

Irregular or lack of ovulation causes irregular menses or amenorrhea.

True: causes irregular menses or amenorrhea.

There are four main types of thyroid cancer.

True: four main types of thyroid cancer.

Congestive heart failure is a condition in which the heart's pumping ability is impaired and cannot meet the needs of the body

True: heart's pumping ability is impaired and cannot meet the needs of the body.

Addison disease is when the adrenal glands produce insufficient amounts of cortisol and androgen.

True: insufficient amounts of cortisol and androgen.

Hashimoto thyroiditis is also known as autoimmune thyroiditis.

True: known as autoimmune thyroiditis.

PCOS is a leading cause of infertility.

True: leading cause of infertility

The islets of Langerhans are located within pancreas.

True: located within pancreas.

The anterior pituitary gland produces growth hormone that influences growth and cell production.

True: produces growth hormone that influences growth and cell production.

Hormones work slowly to regulate the body's physiological functions.

True: regulate the body's physiological functions.

Addisonian crisis requires immediate IV hydrocortisone, saline, and dextrose.

True: requires immediate IV hydrocortisone, saline, and dextrose.

Bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplant is the treatment of choice for severe aplastic anemia.

True: treatment of choice for severe aplastic anemia

In atrial fibrillation, the two atria beat irregularly and out of rhythm with the lower ventricles

True: two atria beat irregularly and out of rhythm with the lower ventricles

Treatment of hypoparathyroidism:

Usually consists of lifelong vitamin D and calcium supplementation.