Unit exam

There is 0.5 mg/10 mL of epinephrine in an auto injector. How many milligrams (mg) would you deliver if you administered 5 milliliters (mL)?

0.25

500 micrograms is equal to:

0.5 mg

How many grams are present in 25 mL of 50% dextrose (d50)?

12.5 g

Prior to administering oral glucose to your diabetic patient, you look at the dosage, which reads 15g. How many milligrams is this equivalent to?

15,000

How many pounds does a 90-kg patient weigh?

198 lb

You have set an IV to deliver 250 mL of normal saline over three hours using microdrip tubing. How much fluid are you delivering every 30 minutes?

42 mL

You respond to an apartment complex for an unconscious male. When you arrive, the patients friend tells you that he overdosed on heroin. Following your local protocol, you administer 2 mg of naloxone. You have 1 mL ampules of naloxone that contain 0.4 mg per ampule. How many ampules will you have to use?

5

You have a prefilled syringe containing 25g of dextrose in 50 mL of volume. How many milligrams of dextrose are present in each milliliter?

500 mg

What percentage of water accounts for the total body weight?

60%

During a long distance transport, you initiate an IV of normal saline and infuse 125 mL over 2 hours. Using a microdrip tubing, how many drops per minute (gtts/min) is your IV flow rate set at?

63 gtts/min

What is the approximate weight in kilograms of a 155 lb patient?

70 kg

After starting an IV on a patient, you set the flow at a KVO rate. How many drops per minute does this rate deliver?

8 to 15

Which of the following represents the official name for aspirin?

Acetylsalicylic acid, USP

After inserting the needle into the injection port of a saline lock, you pull back on the plunger and observe blood return in the syringe. You should next:

Administer the medication and observe for infiltration

The term "bolus" is defined as:

Administering a drug in one mass volume

Which of the following medications would the AEMT help a patient self-administer?

Albuterol

A breakable glass container that is designed to carry a single medication dose is called a/an:

Ampule

An over the needle catheter is commonly referred to as a/an:

Angiocath

If you administer naloxone (narcan) to a patient who overdosed on morphine, what effect would occur?

Antagonism

Drugs that attach to a receptor and counteract the effects of something else are called:

Antagonist

A 17-year-old female is experiencing a mild asthma attack. You auscultate her lungs and hear expiratory wheezing. In addition to oxygen, which of the following classifications of medication would be indicated for this patient?

Beta-2 agonist

Subcutaneous injections deliver the medication:

Between the skin and the muscle

Atropine increases the heart rate by:

Blocking the vagus nerve and preventing innervation by ACh

Factors that alter a patients response to a drug include:

Body mass and psychologic factors

When an IV line is not available, glucose should be administered to a conscious patient via the _______ route.

Buccal

Which of the following is a major anion in the body?

Chloride

After starting an IV on a patient in shock, the AEMT accidentally gets stuck with the IV needle. This is referred to as a/an:

Contaminated stick

A 40 year old man with diabetes has a blood glucose level of 38 mg/dL. However, because he is unconscious and unable to swallow oral glucose, the medication is:

Contraindicated

When replacing lost volume with crystalloids, it is important to remember that:

Crystalloids do not have the capacity of carrying oxygen

After inserting an IV catheter into a vein, you should:

Decrease the angle of the catheter to 15 and insert the catheter a few mm farther

Oral glucose contraindications

Decreased LOC, nausea, vomiting

What is the mechanism of aspirin when given to a patient who is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction?

Decreases platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction

Compounds or charges concentrated on one side of a cell membrane will move across it to an area of lower concentration to maintain balance on both sides of the cell wall. This process is called:

Diffusion

After removing the stylet from the IV catheter, you should next:

Dispose of the needle in the appropriate container

A hypertonic solution is one that:

Draws fluid and electrolytes out of the cell

Substances that become changed particles when they disassociate in water are called:

Electrolytes

Sclerosis of a vein is caused by:

Frequent cannulation

Compared to drugs such as phenobarbital and diazepam (Valium), heroin:

Has a much higher potential for abuse and dependence

Perfusion occurs in the capillaries as a result of _______ hydrostatic pressures and ________ in the capillary beds.

High, osmosis

Medications that the AEMT is authorized to administer are ultimately determined by:

His or her medical director

Glucagon contraindications

Hyperglycemia, hypersensitivity

Epi contraindications

Hypersensitivity, hypothermia, pulmonary edema, myocardial ischemia, hypovolemic shock

Albuterol contraindications

Hypersensitivity, tachycardia arrhythmias,

Aspirin contraindications

Hypersensitivity. Viagra.

You administer 0.4 mg of nitro to your 55-year-old patient with chest pain. Which of the following adverse reactions should you be most observant for?

Hypotension

Nitroglycerin contraindications

Hypotension, hypothermia: intracranial bleeding or head injury: previous administration of viagra or similar agents

Which of the following signs indicate narcotic-induced CNS depression and would indicate the administration of naloxone?

Hypoventilation

An intraosseous line should be inserted in a critical patient if:

IV access is unsuccessful after three attempts

An adverse condition induced in a patient as a result of the treatment given is called a/an:

Iatrogenic response

The purpose of a constricting band when starting an IV is to:

Increase venous pressure at the puncture site

Excessive exposure to a cholinergic agent would a produce:

Increased salivation, urination, and vomiting.

A patient is given a medication that possesses a positive chronotropic effect. This means that it:

Increases the heart rate

Benzodiazepines are a classification of medication that are used to:

Induce sedation

Reconstituting a drug, such as glucagon, involves:

Injecting liquid from one vial into another vial that already contains powder

Actions taken after administering a medication to a patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Inquiring about drug allergies

When inserting an IV into the jugular vein, you should:

Insert the catheter with the tip pointing toward the shoulder

When administering nitroglycerin via the sublingual route, you should:

Instruct the patient not to chew or swallow the medication

A known contraindication to the administration of 50% dextrose (D50) is:

Intracranial hemorrhage

Dextrose contraindications

Intracranial hemorrhage

You are unable to establish an IV on a critically injured conscious patient. What route should you use for gaining vascular access?

Intraosseous

Nitro is especially useful in treating patients with cardiac ischemia because it:

Is a vasodilator and peers preload on the heart

Five percent dextrose (D5W) is an isotonic solution until it:

Is administered to a patient

__________ solutions provide a stable medium for the administration of medications and provide effective fluid and electrolyte replacement.

Isotonic

The most commonly carried IV solutions in the prehospital setting are:

Isotonic crystalloids

Compared to a 16-gauge catheter, a 22-gauge catheter would be more appropriate for an elderly patient because:

It reduces the risk of fluid extravasation

When choosing an IV site on an elderly patient, you should:

Know that varicose veins allow minimal circulation

Osmosis is defined as the:

Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane

In order to prevent catheter shear when starting an IV, you should:

Never rethread the needle into the catheter

An isotonic solution is one that causes:

No change in the shape of the cell

As an AEMT, the MOST commonly inhaled medication you will administer is:

Oxygen

The study of properties and effects of medications on the body is called

Pharmacology

An example of intravascular fluid is:

Plasma

The enhancement or action of one drug by another drug is called:

Potentiation

A glass drug cartridge and syringe are components of a/an:

Prefilled syringe

Bioavailability is defined as the:

Rate and extent to which an active drug enters the general circulation

Sodium chloride (IV solution) contraindications

Should not be considered in patients with CHF as circulatory overload can be easily induced

Which of the following electrolytes is essential for the distribution of water throughout the body?

Sodium

When administered to a normally hydrated patient, normal saline will:

Stay in the intravascular space

When administering a medication via the intramuscular route, you should:

Stretch the skin over the area and insert the needle at a 90 degree angle

How is nitro usually given?

Sublingual

Medications that fight or antagonize the effects of the sympathetic nervous system are referred to as being:

Sympatholytic

Epinephrine is classified as a/an:

Sympathomimetic

Prior to administering an oral medication to a patient, you must:

Take standard precautions

A drugs therapeutic index refers to:

The difference between a therapeutic and lethal dose

Nitro relaxes vascular smooth muscle, dilates the coronary arteries, and relieves cardiac chest pain. These properties of nitro are called:

Therapeutic effects

Unlike IM or SC injections, intravenously administer drugs rapidly affect the body because:

They bypass most barriers to drug absorption

Which of the following statements regarding over the counter (OTC) medications is correct?

They do not require a prescription

Naloxone (narcan) contraindications

Use with caution in narcotic dependent patients; use with caution in neonates or narcotic addicted mothers

A stable patient requires an IV line in the event that a medication therapy is needed. When selecting the appropriate vein, you should first attempt to cannulate the:

Vein on the hand

Which of the following is not a crystalloid?

Whole blood

Minimum documentation following IV therapy includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

Your certification level