Unit Four: How Food Becomes You

_____, a substance that aids fat digestion, is made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder.

Bile

What are two roles of the hydrochloric acid (HCl) that is secreted in the stomach?

It kills many disease-causing microorganisms that may be in food It makes proteins easier to digest

Which of the following options correctly lists the major organs of the digestive tract, from start to finish?

Mouth > esophagus > stomach > small intestine > large intestine

_____ is an involuntary, wavelike muscular contraction that propels food along the gastrointestinal tract.

Peristalsis

_____ is the process by which nutrients and other substances are taken up by the digestive tract.

absorption

The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are considered to be _____ organs of the digestive system.

accessory

The breakdown of food due to the action of enzymes secreted into the digestive tract would be an example of _____.

chemical digestion

To aid in the digestive process, saliva _____.

contains an enzyme that can digest starch

The process by which large food components are broken down into smaller substances, including individual nutrients, is called ______.

digestion

One of the roles of the _____ is to eliminate the waste products from the digestion of food.

digestive system

Rank the sections of the small intestine in order as they appear in the GI tract.

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Proteins that help chemical reactions occur in your body are called _____.

enzymes

The ________ is a flap of tissue that covers the entrance to the trachea during swallowing.

epiglottis

The _____ transfers a mass of swallowed food from the mouth to the stomach.

esophagus

Each type of cell in the body _____.

has a specific function

The process of digestion involves which two types?

mechanical and chemical

The physical breakdown of food, such as the mixing of food by muscular contractions, is an example of _____.

mechanical digestion

Each human cell has a _____ that surrounds it and controls passage of nutrients and other substances into and out of the cell.

membrane

Place the major organs of the digestive tract in the correct order.

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, and large intestines

The _____ produces and secretes most of the enzymes used to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the small intestine.

pancreas

The main function of the lower esophageal sphincter is to _____.

prevent food in the stomach from spilling back into the esophagus

The ring of muscular tissue at the base of the stomach that controls chyme release is called the _____.

pyloric sphincter

Chyme is formed in the _____.

stomach

The _____ secretes gastric juice, which contains enzymes that break down some protein and fat.

stomach

The small intestine connects the _____.

stomach to the large intestine

Nutrients and other substances that are taken up by the digestive tract during absorption may enter directly into _____.

the bloodstream and the lymphatic system

One of the primary taste sensations is _____, which is often described as a meaty or savory taste.

umami

The kidneys and bladder are part of the _____.

urinary system