Unit Test 1 (QUIZ BASED)
a group of atoms connected by bonds
A "molecule" is . . .
buffer
A ______ is added to a solution to prevent a change in pH.
buffer
A ______ maintains the pH of a solution, preventing a pH change upon the addition of a small amount of acid or base.
3.4
A buffered solution has a pH of 3.4. To this solution, a few drops of a weak base are added. The final pH of the solution is _____.
hydronium
A hydrogen ion (H+) will join a water molecule to make a ______ ion, or H3O+.
basic
A solution has pH 10.0. How would you describe this solution?
acidic
A solution has pH 4.0. How would you describe this solution?
neutral
A solution has pH 7.0. How would you describe this solution?
basic
A solution has pH 7.8. How would you describe this solution?
acid
A(n) ____ has a high concentration of H+ ions.
base
A(n) ____ has a high concentration of OH- ions
base
A(n) ____ has a high pH.
base
A(n) ____ has a low concentration of H+ ions.
acid
A(n) ____ has a low pH.
proton
A(n) ______ has a mass of one and a charge of +1.
electron
A(n) ______ has a mass of zero and a charge of -1
isotope
An _____ is an atom with a different number of neutrons.
ion
An ______ has a change in electron number.
ion
An ______ has a change in number of one type of subatomic particles, but has no change is atomic number or atomic mass.
ion
An ______ has a charge.
isotope
An ______ has a different atomic mass than other atoms of that element.
cation
An atom that has lost one or more electrons is called a(n) ____.
trans
An orientation of double bonds in lipids that IS NOT found in nature.
protons + neutrons
Atomic mass is determined by the number of ______ an atom has.
protons
Atomic number is determined by the number of ______ an atom has.
4
Carbon has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 12. How many valence electrons does carbon have?
2
Carbon normally has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 12. There is an isotope of carbon with an atomic mass of 14. How many extra neutrons does this isotope have?
8
Carbon normally has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 12. There is an isotope of carbon with an atomic mass of 14. How many neutrons does this isotope have?
6
Carbon normally has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 12. There is an isotope of carbon with an atomic mass of 14. How many protons does this isotope have?
valence
Electrons that are involved in bond formation are ____ electrons.
acid
HCl and Vinegar are examples of acids or bases?
12
How many hydrogen atoms does the molecule C(CH3)4 have?
14
How many hydrogen atoms does the molecule HC(OH)CH3(CH2)3CH3 have?
1
How many oxygen atoms does the molecule CO have?
low pH, high acidity, high [H+]
How would you describe a solution with a pH of 4?
48
Indium (atomic number 49, atomic mass 115) can have a +1 charge. How many electrons does this cation of indium have?
46
Indium (atomic number 49, atomic mass 115) can have a +3 charge. How many electrons does this cation of indium have?
76
Iridium (atomic number 77, atomic mass 192) can have a +1 charge. How many electrons does this cation of iridium have?
71
Iridium (atomic number 77, atomic mass 192) can have a +6 charge. How many electrons does this cation of iridium have?
192
Iridium (atomic number 77, atomic mass 192) can have a +6 charge. What is the atomic mass of this ion?
78
Iridium (atomic number 77, atomic mass 192) can have a -1 charge. How many electrons does this anion of iridium have?
77
Iridium has an atomic number of 77 and an atomic mass of 192. How many electrons does iridium have?
115
Iridium has an atomic number of 77 and an atomic mass of 192. How many neutrons does iridium have?
1
Lithium has an atomic number of 3 and an atomic mass of 7. How many valence electrons does lithium have?
triple bond
N:::C:H What do the dots between the nitrogen and the carbon represent?
41
Niobium has an atomic number of 41 and an atomic mass of 93. How many electrons does niobium have?
52
Niobium has an atomic number of 41 and an atomic mass of 93. How many neutrons does niobium have?
5
Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7 and an atomic mass of 14. How many valence electrons does nitrogen have?
double bond
O::C::O What do the dots between one of the oxygen atoms and the carbon represent?
four shared electrons
O::C::O What do the dots between one of the oxygen atoms and the carbon represent?
dipole
Polar covalent bonds cause atoms to have a slight positive and a slight negative charge; this is called a _________.
endothermic
Reactions that absorb energy are ___.
exothermic
Reactions that release energy are ___.
base
Sodium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide are examples of acids or bases?
water and carbon dioxide
The body uses what to make a buffer?
tertiary structure
The three dimensional shape of a protein is known as_________________________. (This structure is found in ALL proteins)
carbonic acid, bicarbonate
The two forms of the buffer used by the body are . . .
hydrogen
The type of bond that holds the turns of an alpha helix together in a polypeptide.
R(side group)
The uniqueness of each amino acid is due to a distinct _____________ group.
thymine
To which base does adenine hydrogen-bond with in DNA?
true
True or False: Acids should be added slowly to water to dilute them.
true
True or False: Each atom in a single bond shares one electron with the other atom, resulting in two shared electrons.
lone pair
Valence electrons not involved in bonding are called
slight negative charge
What does the symbol δ- indicate?
triple bond
What kind of bond would occur between two nitrogen atoms?
double bond
What kind of bond would occur between two oxygen atoms?
ionic
What type of bond would occur between Mg2+ and 2 Br-?
ionic
What type of bond would occur between a metal and a nonmetal?
covalent
What type of bond would occur between a nitrogen atom and a hydrogen atom?
covalent
What type of bond would occur between an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atom?
covalent
What type of bond would occur between two nitrogen atoms?
covalent
What type of bond would occur between two nonmetals?
covalent
What type of bond would occur between two oxygen atoms?
C,G,A
Which nucleotides are found in both DNA and RNA?
phosphate, nitrogenous base, sugar
Which of the following are components of a nucleotide? (Choose all that apply)
hydrogen bonds
Which of the following bonds does NOT create a new molecule?
saturated fatty acid
Which of the following fatty acids would MOST likely be a SOLID at room temperature?
starch
Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
Ca2+
Which of the following is the correct representation of the calcium cation?
phospholipid
Which of the following lipids forms a lipid bilayer in the cell membrane of cells?
nonpolar
Which type of amino acid is NOT hydrophilic?
peptide
Which type of bond links amino acids together?
covalent
________________ is a type of strong bond which results in a sharing of electrons.
pyrimidine
a nitrogenous base composed of one ring
purine
a nitrogenous base composed of two fused rings
isotope
an _______ has more or fewer electrons than protons
anion
an _______ is an atom that has gained elecrton(s)
electron
an ________ is found outside the nucleus and has a charge of -1
hydrogen bonds
association of (slightly) charged atoms through space
anabolism
biochemical process that converts monomers into polymers
non-polar covalent bond
electrons are shared evenly between atoms
polar covalent bonds
electrons are shared unevenly between atoms
ionic bonds
oppositely-charged are held together by electrostatic attraction
non-polar covalent bonds
pairs of electrons are shared equally
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen
what elements are found in all carbohydrates
hydrogen
which type of bond is the weakest