Unit test 19-22
How many neurons make up the CNS? The answer is 100 billion
100 billion
About how much CSF is within and around the CMS at any one time? The answer is 100-160
100-160ml
How many cranial nerves are there? the answer is 12 pairs
12 pairs
What is the average volume of the human brain? The answer is 1200 - 1500 cc
1200 - 1500 cc
What is the average range of weight of the human brain? The answer is 3 pounds
3 pounds and 1.35 kg
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? 31
31
About How much CSF is formed every day? The answer is 500 mL
500 ML
What is a cable like bundle of parallel axons? The answer is a nerve
A nerve
What part of the vertebrate nervous system innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glandular tissues and governs involuntary, vital functions? the answer is the autonomic nervous system
ANS
What is the name and number of the sixth cranial nerve? the answer is Abducens
Abducens
What is the name and number of the eleventh cranial nerve?
Accessory
The cell bodies of motor neurons within the spinal cord are found in what structures? the answer is Anterior Horn
Anterior Horn
What is the motor innervation of the femoral nerve? the answer is anterior thigh muscles
Anterior Thigh Muscles
The numerous small attachments of a spinal nerve to the spinal cord converge to form what structures? the answer is Anterior and posterior Roots
Anterior and posterior Roots
What regions of the body does the cervical plexus innervate? the answer is Anterior neck muscles. Skin of the neck and portions of the head and shoulders. Diaphragm.
Anterior neck muscles. Skin of the neck and portions of the head and shoulders. Diaphragm.
Which many next is deep and in contact with the Dura? The answer is arachnoid
Arachnoid
Structures reabsorb CSF? The answer is arachnoid granulations
Arachnoid granulation's
What part of a neuron conducts impulses away from the cell body? The answer is axon
Axon
The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata together form what part of the brain? The answer is brainstem
Brainstem
What part of the CNS holds nuclei which have a great deal of influence over autonomic function? the answer is brainstem
Brainstem
List the functions of cerebrospinal fluid? The answer is Buoyancy, protection, environmental stability
Buoyancy, protection, environmental stability
Within the spinal cord where is gray matter located and how is it shaped? Butterfly shaped
Butterfly Shaped
The cervical plexus arises from what spinal nerves? the answer is C1-C4
C1-C4
The brachial plexus arises from what spinal nerves? the answer is C5- T1
C5-T1
Based on anatomical components what division of the nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord? The answer is CNS central nervous system
CNS central nervous system
What part of body holds the nucleus and is The control center of the cell? The answer is the cell body
Cell body
What are the anatomical borders of the most anterior of the cerebral lobes? The answer is central sulcus and lateral sulcus
Central sulcus and lateral sulcus
What are the right and left halves of the cerebellum? The answer is Cerebellar hemispheres
Cerebellar hemispheres
What stick tracks can make the cerebellum to the brain stem? Cerebellar peduncles
Cerebellar peduncles
What is the second largest part of the brain? The answer is cerebellum
Cerebellum
What is a superficial sheet of gray matter covering most of the adult brain? The answer is cerebral cortex
Cerebral cortex
What is the outer layer of gray matter of the cerebellum? The answer is cerebral cortex
Cerebral cortex
What are the 2 halves of the cerebellum? The answer is cerebral hemispheres
Cerebral hemispheres
What are paired, or regular masses of grey matter buried deep within the central white matter in the basal region of the cerebral hemispheres and failure to the floor of the lateral ventricle? The answer cerebral nuclei
Cerebral nuclei
Within the interior of the brain what are clusters of gray matter? The answer is cerebral nuclei
Cerebral nuclei
What is the clear colorless liquid that circulates in the ventricles in the sub arachnoid space of the brain? The answer is cerebral spinal fluid CSF
Cerebral spinal fluid CSF
What fills the central canal of the spinal cord? the answer is Cerebrospinal Fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid
List the regions of the spinal cord. the answer is Cervical region, thoracic region, lumbar region, sacral region, coccygeal region
Cervical region, thoracic region, lumbar region, sacral region, coccygeal region
List the regions of the spinal cord and the spinal nerves associated with each region. the answer is Cervical region: C1-C8. Thoracic region: T1-T12. Lumbar region: L1-L5. Sacral region: S1-S5. Coccygeal region: Co
Cervical region: C1-C8. Thoracic region: T1-T12. Lumbar region: L1-L5. Sacral region: S1-S5. Coccygeal region: Co
What is in the ventricles of the brain what structures form CSF? The answer is choroid plexuses
Choroid plexuses
What are the three general functions of the CNS and PNS? The answer is collecting information processing in evaluating information and responding to
Collecting information, Processing and evaluating information, responding to INFORMATION
What are the functions of the cerebrum? Conscious thought process origin of all complex intellectual functions
Conscious thought process origin of all complex intellectual functions
Which in the mid rain what is the body of four twins? Dancers Corpora quadrigemina
Corpora quadrigemina
What large tract of white matter connects the 2/2 of the cerebellum and is the main method of communication between them ??? The answer is corpus callosum
Corpus callosum
Collectively what are the four extensions of the diameter that extend as flat partitions into the cranial cavity to provide additional stabilization and support for the brain? The answer is Cranial dura septa
Cranial dura septa
What nerve extends from the brain? The answer is cranial
Cranial nerve
What nerve innervates the skin between the first and second toes of the dorsum of the foot? the answer is deep fibular
Deep Fibular
What nerve innervates the anterior leg muscles and the muscles of the dorsum of the foot? the answer is deep fibular nerve
Deep Fibular Nerve
What part of a neuron conducts impulses toward the cell body? Answers dendrites
Dendrites
What is a specific segment of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve? the answer is Dermatomes
Dermatomes
What part of the brain is composed of the epithalamus right and left tall my and the hypothalamus? The answer is Diencephalon
Diencephalon
Surrounding the CNS what is the external talk dance irregular connective tissue we are composed of two fibrous layer? The answer is Dura Mater
Dura mater
What spaces are formed when the two layers of the dermis or separate? Answer is dural Venous sinuses
Dural venous sinuses
From which germ layer does the nervous system develop? The answer is ectoderm
Ectoderm
What potential space lies between the Dura and the cranium?the answer is epidural space
Epidural space
Where does the white matter of the spinal cord lie in relation to the gray matter? the answer is external
External
What are the slightly curved rows of thick, short hairs at the superior edges of the orbits along the orbital ridges? the answer is eyebrows
Eyebrows
The parasympathetic division innervates the lacrimal gland, the nasal mucosa, and the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands through what nerve? the answer is facial
FACIAL
What is the name and number of the seventh cranial nerve? the answer is facial nerve
FACIAL nerve
Which of the cranial nerves has the following functions? Sensory function: Taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Somatic motor function: Innervates the muscles of facial expression and other muscles of the facial region. Parasympathetic motor function: Innervates the lacrimal gland and the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. the answer is Facial Nerve
Facial nerve
What nerve provides cutaneous innervation of the anterior and inferomedial thigh and the medial aspect of the leg? the answer is femoral nerve
Femoral Nerve
What is the main nerve of the posterior division of the lumbar plexus? the answer is femoral nerve
Femoral nerve
What are the deep grooves of the cerebellum? Fissures
Fissures
How many lobes lives in the cerebral hemisphere? The answer is five
Five
If you are driving a Sanpete County road on winter's day and a deer suddenly takes a suicidal leap in front of your car, what is the general response of your ANS? the answer is fight-or-flight
Flight or Flight
Where does the spinal cord begin and end in an adult? the answer is From the foramen magnum to the first lumbar vertebra (L1).
From the foramen magnum to the first lumbar vertebra (L1).
What is the most interior of the cerebral lobes? The answer is frontal
Frontal
What structure the sympathetic division of the ANS has the appearance of a pearl necklace? sympathetic trunk (paravertebral or chain) ganglia
GANGLIA
What are the elevator ridges of the surface of the cerebellum? The answer is Gyri
GYRI
What are clusters of neuron cell bodies outside of the CNS? Ganglia is the answer
Ganglia
What type of cells support and protect neurons? The answer is glial cells
Glial cells
What is the name and number of the ninth cranial nerve? the answer. is Glossopharyngea
Glossopharyngea
Which of the cranial nerves has the following functions? Sensory function: General sensation and taste from the posterior third of the tongue. Conducts sensory information on blood pressure and blood chemistry from the carotid sinuses. Somatic motor function: Innervates a pharyngeal muscle. Parasympathetic motor function: Innervates the parotid salivary gland. the answer is Glossopharyngeal nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What horizontal bar of gray matter surrounds the central canal within the spinal cord? The answer is Gray Commissure
Gray Commissure
What type of tissue within the CNS houses motor neuron and interneuron cell bodies dendrites, Telodendria, and unmyelinated axons? The answer is gray matter
Gray matter
What portion of the spinal cord is composed of dendrites and cell bodies of neurons and glial cells and unmyelinated axons? the answer is Grey Matter
Grey Matter
What opening in the skull transmits the twelfth cranial nerve? the answer is Hypoglossal Canal
Hypoglossal Canal
What part of the brain lies inferior to the thalamus? The answer is hypothalamus
Hypothalamus
What region of the brain has the following functions? Master control of the ANS master control the endocrine system regulation of body temperature control of emotional behavior control of food and take control of water and take regulations of sleep weak rhythms the answer is hypothalamus
Hypothalamus
What is the name and number of the third cranial nerve? THE ANSWER IS III Oculomotor
III Oculomotor
What is the name and number of the fourth cranial nerve? TROCHLEAR
IV Trochlear
Usually both divisions of the ANS innervate organs. Where does this dual innervation not occur? the answer is In the skin and skeletal muscles. There is only sympathetic innervation here.
In the skin and skeletal muscles. There is only sympathetic innervation here.
What are the auditorium reflect centers of America in? The answer is inferior colliculi
Inferior colliculi
Call verse motor switch areas located within what region of the rain? The answers inferolateral portion of the left frontal lobe
Inferolateral portion of the left frontal lobe
What structure attaches the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland? The answer is in Infundibulum
Infundibulum
What small, deep lobe of each cerebral hemisphere lies deep to the lateral sulcus? The answer is insula
Insula
Where does the gustatory cortex occur? The answer is insula
Insula
The anterior rami of T1-T11 travel in intercostals spaces. What are these nerves called? the answer is Intercostal Nerves
Intercostal Nerves
In general, what do intercostals nerves innervate? the answer is Intercostal muscles Skin of the anterior and lateral thoracic wall
Intercostal muscles Skin of the anterior and lateral thoracic wall
How does the dura mater within the vertebral canal different from the dura within the cranial cavity? the answer is It consists of one layer rather than two.
It consists of one layer rather than two.
What opening in the skull transmits the ninth cranial nerve? the answer is Jugular Foramen
Jugular Foramen
The lumbar plexus arises from the anterior rami of what spinal nerves? the answer is L1-L4
L1- L4
The anterior rami of what spinal nerves form the sacral plexus? the answer is L4-S4
L4-S4
What is the strong, deformable, transparent structure of the eye that focuses images on the retina? the answer is lens
LENS
What structures produce tears? lacrimal glands
Lacrimal Glands
Within the spinal cord from T1-L2 what structures contain the cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons? the answer is Lateral Horns
Lateral Horns
What did group separates the 2/2 of the cerebellum? The answer is longitudinal fissure
Longitudinal fissure
What are the functions of the conjunctiva? the answer is Lubricates & moistens the eye. Blood vessels support the avascular sclera. Sensory receptors.
Lubricates & moistens the eye. Blood vessels support the avascular sclera. Sensory receptors.
What nerve innervates the anterior forearm muscles, the thenar muscles, and the two lateral lumbricals? the answer is median
Median
Carpal tunnel syndrome results in nocturnal hand paresthesia (a sensation of pricking, tingling, or creeping on the skin that has no objective cause) and pain, and sometimes sensory loss and wasting in the hand. The lateral palmar side of the hand, the two lateral lumbricals and the thenar group are affected. What nerve is involved? the answer is median nerve
Median Nerve
What nerve has the following cutaneous innervation: palmar side of the lateral 3 1/2 fingers and the lateral one-half of the ring finger and the dorsal tips of the same fingers? the answer is median nerve
Median Nerve
What is the most inferior part of the brain stem? The answer is medulla oblongata
Medulla oblongata
What are the parent functions of the small, deep low by beach cerebral hemispheres at lies Deep to the lateral sulcus? The answer is memory and interpretation of taste
Memory and interpretation of taste
Collectively what are the three connective tissue layers that separate the soft tissue of the brain from the bones of the cranium and protect blood vessels that supply the brain and contain and circulate cerebral spinal fluid? The answer is meninges
Meninges
What is a synonym for mesencephalon? The answer is brain stem
Midbrain
What functional division of the nervous system transmits impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands? Motor division
Motor division
What portion of the frontal lobe is involved with control of muscles involved with speech is located on the end for lateral portion of the low but is usually on the left side? The answer is motor speech area
Motor speech area
What is a network of interweaving anterior rami of spinal nerves? the answer is Nerve Plexuses
Nerve Plexuses
During the development of the nervous system what longitudinal indention forms from the neural plate? The answer is neural Grove
Neural groove
What is the thickened portion of tissue over the notochord called? The answer is neural plate
Neural plate
During the development of the nervous system Whitehall structure is formed as the neural folds me? Answer is neural tube
Neural tube
What is the process in which structures of the nervous system are from? The answer is neuralation
Neuralation
What is the study of the structure of the nervous system? The answer is neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy
What is the study of the nervous system? The answer is neurology
Neurology
What type of cell initiates and transmits impulses within the nervous system? The answer is neuron
Neuron
List of defined the two cell types of the nervous system? the answer is neurons- which i initiate and transmit impulses glial cells - support and protect the neurons
Neurons - Initiate and transmit impulses and glial cells - support and protect the neurons
What is the study of the biological function of the nervous system? Neurophysiology is the answer
Neurophysiology
What is surgery involving the nervous system? The answer is neurosurgery
Neurosurgery
Where are the ganglia of the parasympathetic division found? the answer is Next to or within the organs they innervate.
Next to or within the organs they innervate.
Within the regions of the spinal cord's gray matter what are the various functional groups of neuron cell bodies the answer is Nuclei
Nuclei
What is the name and number of the first cranial nerve? Olfactory
OLfactory
If we follow a nerve impulse from the CNS to an effector within the SNS, how many motor neurons would be involved? the answer is one
ONE
What opening in the skull transmits the second cranial nerve? THE ANSWER IS OPTIC FORMAMEN
OPTIC FORAMEN
What is the name and number of the second cranial nerve?the answer is OPTIC NERVE
OPtic
What is the general shape of the spinal cord in cross-section? the answer is oval AP compression
OVAL
What is the main nerve of the anterior division of the lumbar plexus? the answer is obturator nerve
Obturator Nerve
Watlow by the cerebellum forms the most post to your region of each cerebral hemisphere? The answers occipital lobe
Occipital lobe
Where does the primary visual cortex occur? The answer is occipital lobe
Occipital lobe
What are the three branches of the fifth cranial nerve? THE ANSWER IS Ophthalmic branch (V1). Maxillary branch (V2). Mandibular branch (V3)
Ophthalmic branch (V1). Maxillary branch (V2). Mandibular branch (V3)
A bit of dirt gets blown into your eye. Tears flow. What division of the ANS brings about the flow? the answer is parasympathetic
Parasympathetic
You miss lunch and only have time for a bag of chips. What division of the ANS brings about an increase in the production of saliva as you eat? parasympathetic
Parasympathetic
What lobe of the cerebellum deals with general sensory functions such as evaluating the shape and texture of objects be in touch? The answer is parietal lobe
Parietal lobe
What lower the cerebellum forms the super posterior part of each Cerebral hemisphere? The answer is parietal lobe
Parietal lobe
What are the two functions of the spinal cord? the answer is Pathway for sensory and motor impulses. Spinal reflexes.
Pathway for sensory and motor impulses. Spinal reflexes.
What are the two layers of the dura mater? The answer is periosteal layer & menigeal layer
Periosteal layer & menigeal layer
Based on anatomical components, what division of the nervous system is made up of cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia?The answer is peripheral nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
What branch of the cervical plexus innervates the diaphragm? the answer is Phrenic Nerve
Phrenic Nerve
What meninx is the deepest and, unlike the others, follows the contours of the brain? Pia mater
Pia mater
what is the b Bulging region on the anterior part of the brain stem? The answer isPons
Pons
What important anatomical feature lies immediately posterior to the central sulcus? Answers postcentral gyrus
Postcentral gyrus
Where does the primary somatosensory cortex lie? Postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobes
Postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobes
Within the spinal cord what are the posterior masses of gray matter that contain the axons of sensory neurons and the cell bodies of interneurons? The answer is Posterior Horns
Posterior Horns
What important anatomical features of the frontal lobe lies immediately anterior to the central sulcus and is responsible for primary motor function? The answer is precentral gyrus
Precentral gyrus
A motor neuron within the ANS that lies between the CNS and a ganglion is what type of neuron? the answer is preganglionic neuron
Preganglionic neuron
Where is vision perceived? The answer is primary visual cortex of occipital lobe
Primary visual cortex of occipital lobe
What is the function of association areas within the cerebellum? The answer is process and interpret incoming data or coordinate a motor response
Process and interpret incoming data or cordinate a motor response
What is the function of the gustatory cortex? The answer is Processing of taste information
Processing of taste information
What nerve has the following motor and cutaneous innervation? Motor - Posterior arm muscles & the posterior forearm muscles. Cutaneous innervation - Posterior arm and forearm surface and the dorsolateral side of the hand. the answer is radial nerve
Radial Nerve
What nerve provides cutaneous innervation of the posterior arm and forearm surface and the dorsolateral side of the hand? the answer is radial nerve
Radial Nerve
What is the function of the primary auditory cortex? The answer is receives and processes auditory information
Receives and processes auditory information
What is the function of the primary so much cold sensory cortex? Receiving information on touch, Pressure, pain, and temperature
Receiving information on touch, pressure, pain, and temperature
What are structures that detect stimuli? the answer is receptors
Receptors
Anteriorly and posteriorly, what are the small attachments of a spinal nerve to the spinal cord? The answer is Rootlets
Rootlets
What opening in the skull transmits the third cranial nerve? THE ANSWER IS SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
What openings in the skull transmit the ophthalmic branch of the fifth cranial nerve? THE ANSWER IS SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
What is the largest and longest nerve in the body? the answer is sciatic nerve
Sciatic Nerve
What divisions of the nervous system is responsible for receiving sensory information and transmitting it to the CNS? The answer is sensory division
Sensory division
What is the function of the first cranial nerve? the answer is Sensory function: olfaction
Sensory function: olfaction
What subdivision of the modern division of the nervous system controls skeletal muscles? The answer is somatic motor system
Somatic motor system
What's the two subdivisions of the motor division? The answer is somatic motor systems visceral motor systems automatic nervous system
Somatic motor systems and visceral motor system
What subdivision of the sensory division of the nervous system deals with general somatic senses touch pain pressure vibration temperature and proprioception? The answer is somatic sensory
Somatic sensory
What subdivision of the sensory division of the nervous system is a general senses of the body wall? The answer is Somatic sensory
Somatic sensory
What are nerves that extend from the spinal cord? Answer a spinal nerves
Spinal nerve
What term is used to refer to T12 because it lies below the ribssubcostal nerve rather than between them? the answer is subcostal Nerve
Subcostal Nerve
What potential space lies between the dirt and the arachnoid? The answer is subdural space
Subdural space
Where are the shallow depressions of the surface of the cerebellum? The answer is sulci
Sulci
What are the visual reflex centers of the midbrain? The answer is superior colliculi
Superior colliculi
What division of the ANS is primarily concerned with preparing the body for emergencies and is often referred to as the "fight-or-flight" division? the answer is sympathetic
Sympathetic
What is a functional connection for the transmission of impulses from a neuron to a second cell? The answer is synapse
Synapse
What branch of the trigeminal nerve has the following functions: It conducts sensory impulses from the cornea, nose, forehead, and anterior scalp? THE OPHTHALMIC BRANCH
THE OPHTHALMIC BRANCH
What is the name and number of the fifth cranial nerve?
TRIGEMINAL
Which of the cranial nerves has the following functions? Somatic motor function: Supplies one extrinsic eye muscle (superior oblique) to move the eyeball inferiorly and laterally. THE ANSWER IS TROCHLEAR NERVE
TROCHLEAR NERVE
If we follow a nerve impulse from the CNS to an effector within the ANS, how many motor neurons would be involved? the anwser is two
TWO
What is the fibrous core of the eyelids? the answer is tarsal plate
Tarsal Plate
What are gustatory receptors? the answer is taste buds
Taste Buds
So where does the primary auditory cortex occur? The answer is temporal lobe
Temporal lobe
What lobe of the cerebrum lives in Ferrier to the lateral sulcus? The answer is temporal lobe
Temporal lobe
What's the role of functions and smell, hearing, interpreting speech and language? The answer is temporal lobe
Temporal lobe
Where does the olfactory cortex of her? The answer is temporal lobe
Temporal lobe
What region of the brain has the following functions? To act as a principal and finally point for sensory information that will be processed in projected to the primary sensory cortex - two filter sensory information so that only a small portion of it goes to the cerebellum dash to inform the cerebellum as to where is sensory information is coming from the answer is Thalamus
Thalamus
What structure partially form supposed to root for the Diencephalons ND COVERS RHE THIRD VENTRICLE ? The answer is Thalmus
Thalmus
What is the function of the olfactory cortex? The answer is provide conscious awareness of smell
The answer is provide conscious awareness of smell
What is the function of a primary visual cortex? The answer is receives and processes visual information
The answer is receives and processes visual information
What is the function of your speaker? The answer is regulating patterns of breathing and controlling the muscular movements necessary for vocalization
The answer is regulating patterns of breathing and controlling the muscular movement necessary for vocalization
What is the anatomical explanation for phantom pain?
The cell bodies of the sensory neurons that provided sensation to the amputated body part remain alive. The stimulation of the neural pathways they make up propagates nerve impulses and conducts them to the CNS where they are interpreted as originating from the amputated portion of the body and usually are perceived as pain.
What branch of the trigeminal nerve has the following functions? It conducts sensory impulses from the anterior twothirds of the tongue, skin of the chin, lower jaw, lower teeth, and one third of the sensory fibers of the auricle of the ear. Somatic motor function: Innervates muscles of mastication and other muscles of the lower facial region. THE ANSWER IS The mandibular branch.
The mandibular branch.
When does the nervous system begin to develop? The answer is the third week
Third week
What nerve is formed from the anterior divisions of the sciatic nerve? the answer is tibial nerve
Tibial Nerve
Within the leg, what nerve innervates the plantar flexors of the foot and the flexors of the toes? the answer is tibial nerve
Tibial nerve
What are rumbles of myelinated axons that lie deep to the cerebral cortex? The answers trats
Trats
What nerve innervates of some of the anterior forearm muscles and intrinsic muscles of the hand (hypothenar muscles, palmar and dorsal interossei, and the medial two lumbricals). the answer is ulnar nerve
Ulnar Nerve
The parasympathetic division innervates the airways of the lungs, the heart, and the abdominal viscera through what nerve? the answer is vagus
VAGUS
What is the name and number of the eighth cranial nerve? the answer is VIII Vestibulocochlear
VIII Vestibulocochlear
What cranial nerve carries nearly 80% of the parasympathetic output? the answer is vagus
Vagus
What is the name and number of the tenth cranial nerve? the answer is Vagus
Vagus
Which of the cranial nerves has the following functions? Sensory function: Innervates the pharynx, larynx, and thoracic and abdominal viscera, as well as the external auditory canal, eardrum, and pharynx. Somatic motor function: Innervates most pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles. Parasympathetic motor function: Innervates myocardium and the smooth muscle and glands of the thoracic and abdominal viscera. the answer is VAGUS
Vagus
What are the cavities within the brain? The answer is ventricles
Ventricles
What warm like structure of a cerebellum lies between the two cerebellar hemisphere is? The answer is vermis
Vermis
Beginning with a vertebra and going from superficial to deep, list the spaces and structures surrounding the spinal cord. the answer is Vertebra. Epidural space. Dura mater. Subdural space. Arachnoid. Subarachnoid space. Pia mate
Vertebra. Epidural space. Dura mater. Subdural space. Arachnoid. Subarachnoid space. Pia mate
Which cranial nerve has the following functions? Sensory function: Conducts impulses of hearing and equilibrium from the inner ear. the answer is VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve
Vestibulocochlear nerve
What does "splanchnic" mean? the asnwer is visceral
Visceral
What subdivision of the motor division of the nervous system is involuntary and controls cardiac and smooth muscles and glands? The answer is visceral motor system which is a part of the autonomic nervous system
Visceral motor system
What subdivision of the sensory division of the nervous system deals with stretch and temperature from blood vessels and internal organs? The answer isVisceral sensory
Visceral sensory
What are the functions of the occipital lobe of the cerebellum? The answer is visual processing in visual memories
Visual processing and visual memories
List the primary function of the frontal lobe of the cerebellum? The answer is voluntary motor functions concentration verbal communication decision making planning personality
Voluntary motor function concentration verbal communication decision making planning and personality
What is the function of the primary motor cortex? The answer is control voluntary Skeletal muscle activity
Voluntary skeletal muscle activity
What portion of the spinal cord is composed of myelinated axons? the answer is White matter
White matter
Which of the cranial nerves has the following functions? Somatic motor function: Cranial root - Travels with CN X fibers to the pharynx. Spinal root — Innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid. THe answer is XI Accessory
XI Accessory
What is the name and number of the twelveth cranial nerve? the answer is Hypoglossal
XII Hypoglossal
Which of the cranial nerves has the following functions? Somatic motor function: Innervates intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles. the answer is XII Hypoglossal nerve
XII Hypoglossal nerve
Other than the regions innverated by the femoral and obturator nerves, what other regions of the body do small branches of the lumbar plexus innervate? the answer is abdominal wall, the scrotum and the labia, interior portions of the abdominal muscles
abdominal wall, the scrotum and the labia, interior portions of the abdominal muscles
Which of the cranial nerves has the following functions? Somatic motor function: Innervates one extrinsic eye muscle (lateral rectus) for abduction of the eyeball. the answer is abducens
abducens
What are the two main divisions of the sacral plexus?the answer is anterior & posterior
anterior and Posterior
The lens divides the interior of the eye into two spaces. What are these? the answer is anterior and posterior cavities
anterior and posterior cavities
Spinal nerves are formed by the convergence of what structures within what structure? the answer is anterior and posterior roots within the intervertebral foramen
anterior and posterior roots within the intervertebral foramen
Within the spinal cord what are the anterior masses of gray matter that contain the cell bodies of somatic motor neurons? the answer is anterior horns
anterior horns
What is the motor innervation of the musculocutaneous nerve? the answer is anterior muscles of the brachium
anterior muscles of the brachium
What part of spinal nerves do the preganglionic sympathetic axons travel within as they leave the lateral horn of the spinal cord? the answer is anterior root
anterior root
What fluid lies between the lens and the cornea of the eye? that answer is aqueous humor
aqueous humor
collectively what are the three small bones of the middle ear called? the answer is auditory ossicles
auditory ossicles
What structure communicates the middle ear cavity with the atmosphere and thus allow the pressure of the middle ear cavity to equal that of the atmosphere and the outer ear? the answer is auditory tube
auditory tube
What portion of the external ear is supported by elastic cartilage, covered with skin, and projects laterally?the answer is auricle or pinna
auricle or pinna
List the five nerves that innervate the upper extremity. the answer is axillary nerve, median nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, radial nerve, ulnar nerve
axillary nerve, median nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, radial nerve, ulnar nerve
Based on the modality of the stimulus, what type of receptor responds to changes in pressurewithin body structures? the answer is baroreceptor
baroreceptor
What are the bony spaces or cavities of the inner ear? the answer is bony labyrinth
bony labyrinth
Where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons for the parasympathetic division located? the answer is brainstem and gray regions of S2-S4 spinal cord segments.
brainstem and gray regions of S2-S4 spinal cord segments.
What are the spinal nerves that extend from the end of the spinal cord to the end of the vertebral canal? A pair of them exits the canal at each of the lower levels. the answer is cauda equina
cauda equina
List the three prevertebral ganglia? the answer is celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion, inferior mesenteric ganglion
celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion, inferior mesenteric ganglion
What part of the brain coordinates and fine-tune skeletal muscle movement and maintain equilibrium and posture? The answer is Cerebellum
cerebellum
Within the midbrain what are the motor tracts located on the anterolateral surfaces? The answer is cerebral Peduncles
cerebral Peduncles
What glands lie within the external auditory canal? ceruminous glands
ceruminous glands
What clusters of ganglia of the sympathetic division of the ANS lie within the neck? the answer is cervical ganglia
cervical ganglia
Based on the modality of the stimulus, what type of receptor detects specific molecules? the answer is chemoreceptor
chemoreceptor
What region of the vascular tunic is posterior and is the most extensive and houses a vast network of capillaries to supply the retina? the answer is choroid
choroid
What portion of the vascular tunic of the eye contains a muscular ring that works to focus images on the retina?the answer is ciliary body
ciliary body
What structure of the eye contracts and relaxes to change the shape of the lens? the answer is ciliary muscle
ciliary muscle
What is the snailshaped portion of the inner ear?the answer is cochlea
cochlea
What division of what nerve innervates the short head of the biceps femoris? the answer is common fibular division of the sciatic nerve
common fibular division of the sciatic nerve
What nerve is formed from the posterior division of the sciatic nerve?
common fibular nerve
What is the probable cause of referred pain? the answer is common neural pathways
common neural pathways
What are the connections between the spinal nerves and the sympathetic trunk ganglia? the answer is communicating rami (rami communicates)
communicating rami
What branches of a spinal nerve are associated with the autonomic nervous system? the answer is communicating rami
communicating rami
What layer of specialized stratified squamous epithelium forms a continuous lining of both the external, anterior surface of the eye and the internal surface of the eyelid? the answer is conjunctiva
conjunctiva
What is the avascular, transparent, anterior portion of the fibrous tunic of the eye? cornea
cornea
What are the nerves that extend from the brain? the answer is CRANIAL NERves
cranial nerves
What is another term for the parasympathetic division? the answer is craniosacral division
craniosacral division
What are the two main divisions of the common fibular nerve?' the answer is deep fibular nerve & superficial fibular nerve
deep fibular nerve & superficial fibular nerve
Where is the cervical plexus located? the answer is deep on the lateral side of the neck
deep on the lateral side of the neck
What is the motor innervation of the axillary nerve? the answer is deltoid & teres minor
deltoid & teres minor
What structure forms aqueous humor? epithelium of the ciliary body
epithelium of the ciliary body
What portion of the middle ear cavity communicates with the air cells within the mastoid portion of the temporal bone? the answers epitympanic recess
epitympanic recess
What are the three anatomic regions of the ear? the answer is external (outer) ear, middle ear, inner ear
external (outer) ear, middle ear, inner ear
What is the bony tube within the skull that carries sound waves from the pinna to the tympanic membrane (eardrum)? the answer is external acoustic meatus
external acoustic meatus
What is the structure made of soft tissue and cartilage lining the external auditory meatus? the answer is external auditory canal
external auditory canal
Based on the origin of the stimulus, what type of receptor detects stimuli from the external environment? the answer is exteroceptor
exteroceptor
What structures extend from the margins of the eyelids and prevent large foreign objects from coming into contact with the anterior surface of the eye? the answer is eyelashes
eyelashes
What are the movable anterior protective coverings over the surfaces of the eyes? eyelids
eyelids
What cranial nerves carry impulses from taste buds? the answer is facial nerve (CN VII), glossopharyngeal (CN IX), vagus (CN X)
facial nerve (CN VII), glossopharyngeal (CN IX), vagus (CN X)
What is the external layer of the eyeball? The answer is fibrous tunic
fibrous tunic
What openings in the skull transmit the maxillary branch of the fifth cranial nerve? the answer is Foramen rotundum
foramen Rotundum
What opening in the skull transmits the mandibular branch of the fifth cranial nerve? the answer is foramen ovale
foramen ovale
What openings in the skull transmit the first cranial nerve? the answer is foramina of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid
foramina of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid
What is the area of sharpest vision on the retina? fovea centralis
fovea centralis
What sympathetic ganglia lie on the left and right sides of the vertebral column? sympathetic trunk (paravertebral or chain) ganglia
ganglia
A motor neuron within the ANS that lies between a ganglion and an effector is what type of neuron? the answer is ganglionic neuron
ganglionic neuron
The parasympathetic division innervates the parotid salivary gland through what nerve? the answer is glossopharyngeal
glossopharyngeal
Nerves emerging from the sacral plexus innervate what portions of the body? the answer is gluteal region, pelvis, perineum, posterior thigh, almost all of the leg and foot
gluteal region, pelvis, perineum, posterior thigh, almost all of the leg and foot
What structures carry postganglionic sympathetic axons from the sympathetic trunk to the spinal nerves? the answer is gray rami communicates (gray rami)
gray rami
What part of the CNS has the greatest control over the ANS? the answer is hypothalamus
hypothalamus
Which of the three ear ossicles lies between the other two? the answer is incus
incus
What opening in the skull transmits the eighth cranial nerve? the answer is Internal acoustic meatus
internal acoustic meatus
What openings in the skull transmit the seventh cranial nerve? the answer is internal acoustic meatus and stylomastoid foramen
internal acoustic meatus and stylomastoid foramen
Based on the origin of the stimulus, what type of receptor detects stimuli from the internal environment? the answer is interoceptor
interoceptor
What portion of the vascular tunic of the eye is the most anterior and is what we commonly refer to when we speak of the color of the eye? the answer is iris
iris
What opening in the skull transmits the eleventh cranial nerve? the answer is jugular foramen
jugular foramen
What opening in the skull transmits the tenth cranial nerve? the answer is Jugular Foramen
jugular foramen
What structure drains tears from the lacrimal puncta? the answer is lacrimal canaliculus
lacrimal canaliculus
What are the small, reddish bodies at the medial commissure of each eye? the answer is lacrimal caruncle
lacrimal caruncle
What openings in the eyelids allow tears to drain from the eye into the nose? the answer is lacrimal puncta
lacrimal puncta
What structure collects tears and sits in the lacrimal fossa of the lacrimal bones? the answer is lacrimal sac
lacrimal sac
What specific regions of the spinal cord house the cell bodies of the parasympathetic division of the ANS? the answer is lateral gray regions of the S2-S4 spinal cord segments
lateral gray regions of the S2-S4 spinal cord segments
Where is the brachial plexus located? the answer is lateral neck & axilla
lateral neck & axilla
What is the cutaneous innervation of the musculocutaneous nerve? the answer is lateral surface of the forearm
lateral surface of the forearm
What dense, elastic structure bounds the lens of the eye? the answer is lens capsule
lens capsule
What muscle opens the eye? the answer is levator palpebrae superioris
levator palpebrae superioris
What rounded, yellowish region of the retina has a concentration of cones and lies lateral to the optic disc? the answer is macula lutea
macula lutea
What small bone is attached to the deep surface of the tympanic membrane? the answer is malleus
malleus
Based on the modality of the stimulus, what type of receptor responds to touch, pressure, vibration, or stretch? the answer is mechanoreceptor
mechanoreceptor
What is the motor innervation of the obturator nerve? the answer is medial thigh muscles
medial thigh muscles
What are the fluid-filled tubes of the inner ear? the answer is membranous labyrinth
membranous labyrinth
What is the motor innervation of the superficial fibular nerve? the answer is muscles of the lateral compartment
muscles of the lateral compartment
Nerves of the sacral plexus arising from the posterior division tend to innervate what muscles? the answer is muscles that extends (or dorsiflex) part of the lower limb
muscles that extends or dorsiflex part of the lower limb
Nerves of the sacral plexus arising from the anterior division tend to innervate what muscles? the answer is muscles that flex (or plantar flex) parts of the lower limb
muscles that flex or plantar flex parts of the lower limb
What structure drains tears into the nose? the answer is nasolacrimal duct
nasolacrimal duct
The auditory tube connects the middle ear cavity with what other anatomical structure? the answer is nasopharynx
nasopharynx
What layer of the eye contains photoreceptors? neural tunic or retina
neural tunic or retina
Based on the modality of the stimulus, what type of receptor responds to pain? the answer is nociceptor
nociceptor
The parasympathetic division innervates the ciliary and the pupillary constrictor muscle of the iris through what nerve? the answer is oculomotor
oculomotor
Which cranial nerve has the following functions? Somatic motor function: Supplies four extrinsic eye muscles (superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique), which move the eyeball, and the levator palpebrae superioris, which elevates the upper eyelid. Parasympathetic motor: Innervates sphincter pupillae (pupil constrictor) muscle in eye to make pupil constrict; contracts ciliary muscles to make lens of eye more puffy (thicker, as needed for vision) THE ANSWER IS oculomotor
oculomotor
What cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibers? the answer is oculomotor (CN III), facial (CN VII), glossopharyngeal (CN IX), vagus (CN X)
oculomotor (CN III), facial (CN VII), glossopharyngeal (CN IX), vagus (CN X)
What is the sense of smell? the answer is olfaction
olfaction
What cranial nerve is transmitted by the foramina of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid?the answer is olfactory nerve
olfactory nerve
What cranial nerve carries impulses from olfactory receptors? the answer is olfactory nerve (CN I)
olfactory nerve (CN I)
The optic nerves converge anterior to the pituitary gland to form what structure? optic chiasma
optic chiasma
What posterior portion of the eye do neurons extend through and form a round structure frequently referred to as the blind spot because there are no photoreceptors here? the answer is optic disc
optic disc
What cranial nerve carries impulses from the retina to the brain? the answer is optic nerve (CN II)
optic nerve (CN II)
What muscle closes the eye? the answer is orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oculi
A test in the Testing Center takes longer than you anticipated. Now you're late for your next class. You jog. You arrive and settle into your seat. The airways in your lungs constrict was you catch your breath. What division of the ANS brings about this constriction? the answer is parasympathetic
parasympathetic
What division of the ANS is primarily concerned with conserving energy and replenishing nutrient stores and has been nicknamed the "rest and-digest" division? the asnswer is parasympathetic
parasympathetic
You walk from a relatively dim building into the brightness of a sunny winter's day. Your pupils constrict. What division of the ANS brings about this constriction? the answer is parasympathetic
parasympathetic
What are the two divisions of the ANS? the answer is parasympathetic and sympathetic.
parasympathetic and sympathetic.
What regions of the body does the brachial plexus innervate? the answer is pectoral girdle and upper extremity
pectoral girdle and upper extremity
What nerves carry fibers of the parasympathetic division of the ANS through the pelvis? the answer is pelvic splanchnic nerves
pelvic splanchnic nerves
What type of pain involves the perception of pain in an amputated or excised part of the body? The answer is phantom pain
phantom pain
Based on the modality of the stimulus, what type of receptor responds to light? the answer is photoreceptor
photoreceptor
What is the cutaneous innervation of the tibial nerve? the answer is plantar surface of the foot
plantar surface of the foot
The white matter of the spinal cord is partitioned into three regions. What each called? the answer is posterior funiculus, lateral funiculus, anterior funiculus
posterior funiculus, lateral funiculus, anterior funiculus
What depressions lie on the anterior and posterior surface of the spinal cord? the answer is posterior median sulcus, anterior median sulcus.
posterior median sulcus, anterior median sulcus.
What are the two main branches of a spinal nerve? the answer is posterior ramus & anterior ramus
posterior ramus & anterior ramus
The cell bodies of sensory neurons associated with the spinal cord are found in what structures? the answer is posterior root ganglion
posterior root ganglion
What is the axon of a ganglionic neuron within the ANS? the answer is postganglionic axon
postganglionic axon
What is the function of eyebrows? the answer is prevent sweat from dripping into the open eye & facial expression
prevent sweat from dripping into the open eye & facial expression
Splanchnic nerves of the sympathetic division of the ANS terminate in what structures? the answer is prevertebral (collateral) ganglia
prevertebral (collateral) ganglia
What structures are singular rather than paired, are anterior to the vertebral column, and are located only in the abdominal cavity? the answer is prevertebral ganglia
prevertebral ganglia
Based on the origin of the stimulus, what type of receptor responds to stimuli dealing with the position of the body? the answer is proprioceptor
proprioceptor
What is the opening within the iris? pupil
pupil
What nerve innervates the posterior arm muscles and the posterior forearm muscles? the answer is radial nerve
radial nerve
What type of pain occurs when impulses from certain viscera are perceived as originating not within the organ, but in dermatomes of the skin? the answer is referred pain
referred pain
What is the function of the blood brain barrier? regulates what substances enter the interstitial fluid of the brain
regulates what substances enter the interstitial fluid of the brain
What is the white of the eye? the answer is sclera
sclera
What structure reabsorbs aqueous humor? the answer is scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)
scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)
What glands lie within the lacrimal caruncle? the answer is sebaceous glands
sebaceous glands
What are the three halfcircle-shaped structures of the inner ear? the answer is semicircular canals
semicircular canals
What is gustation? the answer is the sense of taste
sense of taste
What is the function of the second cranial nerve? THE ANSWER IS sensory function: vision
sensory function: vision
What type of receptor is found in the body wall? the answer is somatic sensory receptor
somatic sensory receptor
What pathway is a postganglionic axon within if it travels through a gray ramus that is at the same level as the ganglionic neuron to innervate blood vessels or arrector pili muscles or sweat glands? the answer is spinal nerve pathway
spinal nerve pathway
What pathway is postganglionic axon within if it passes through the sympathetic trunk ganglia without synapsing and extends to the prevertebral ganglia? the answer is splanchnic nerve pathway
splanchnic nerve pathway
What structures are composed of preganglionic axons that do not synapse in a sympathetic trunk ganglion? the answer is splanchnic nerves
splanchnic nerves
What small bone is attached to the oval window? the answers is stapes
stapes
List four factors that are necessary for us to perceive a sensation? the answer is. stimulus, receptor, conduction of nerve impulse, interpretation of the impulse
stimulus, receptor, conduction of nerve impulse, interpretation of the impulse
What real space lies just deep to the arachnoid? The answer is Subarachnoid space
subarachnoid space
What nerve innervates the skin of the anteroinferior part of the leg and most of the dorsum of the foot? the answer is superficial fibular
superficial fibular
What opening in the skull transmits the fourth cranial nerve?
superior orbital fissure
What opening in the skull transmits the sixth cranial nerve? the answer. is superior orbital fissure
superior orbital fissure
List the six extrinsic muscles of the eye. the answer is superior rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique
superior rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique
What is the cutaneous innervation of the axillary nerve? the answer is superolateral portion of the arm
superolateral portion of the arm
What is the cutaneous innervation of the obturator nerve? the answer is superomedial skin of the thigh
superomedial skin of the thigh
What structures attach to the lens capsule at its periphery where they transmit tension to change the shape of the lens? the answer is suspensory ligaments
suspensory ligaments
A test in the Testing Center takes longer than you anticipated. You're late for your next class. You jog. As you do the airways in your lungs dilate. What division of the ANS brings about this dilation? The answer is sympathetic division
sympathetic division
After class you go for a game of racquetball and work up a sweat. What division of the ANS causes the formation of sweat? the answer is sympathetic division
sympathetic division
The lateral horns of T1- L2 of the spinal cord give rise to what division of the ANS? the answer is sympathetic division
sympathetic division
The pupil dilates when a person walks into a relatively dark building from a bright, snowy winter's day. What division of the ANS brings about this dilation? the answer is sympathetic division
sympathetic division
What pathway is a sympathetic axon within if it goes to the adrenal medulla? the answer is adrenal medulla pathway (aka sympathoadrenal pathway)
the answer is adrenal medulla pathway
The iris divides the anterior cavity of the eye into two spaces. What are they? the answer is anterior and posterior chambers
the answer is anterior and posterior chambers
What division of the ANS may process and control certain functions at the level of the spinal cord without involvement of the brain? the answer is parasympathetic
the answer is parasympathetic
What branch of the trigeminal nerve has the following functions: It conducts sensory impulses from nasal mucosa, palate, gums, and cheek? THE ANSWER IS the maxillary branch.
the maxillary branch.
Based on the modality of the stimulus, what type of receptor responds to changes in temperature? the answer is thermoreceptor
thermoreceptor
What is another term for the sympathetic division of the ANS? the answer is thoracolumbar division
thoracolumbar division
What division of what nerve innervates the hamstrings? the answer is tibial division of the sciatic nerve
tibial division of the sciatic nerve
What space lies within the middle ear? tympanic cavity (middle ear cavity)
tympanic cavity (middle ear cavity)
What is the delicate, funnel-shaped epithelial sheet that is the partition between the external and middle ear? the answer is tympanic membrane
tympanic membrane
What nerve provides cutaneous innervation of the dorsal and palmar aspects of the medial 1 1/2 fingers (the medial aspect of digit 4 and all of digit 5)? the answer is ulnar nerve
ulnar nerve
What is the middle layer of the eye wall? the answer is vascular tunic
vascular tunic
What portion of the inner ear lies between the cochlea and the semicircular canals?the answer is vestibule
vestibule
What cranial nerve transmits impulses from the inner ear to the brain? the answer is vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
What type of receptor is found in the viscera? the answer is visceral sensory receptor
visceral sensory receptor
What gelatinous matter fills the posterior cavity of the eye? vitreous humor
vitreous humor
What structures carry preganglionic sympathetic axons from the T1-L2 spinal nerves to the sympathetic trunk? the answer is white rami communicantes (white rami)
white rami communicantes
