Unit test 19-22

How many neurons make up the CNS? The answer is 100 billion

100 billion

About how much CSF is within and around the CMS at any one time? The answer is 100-160

100-160ml

How many cranial nerves are there? the answer is 12 pairs

12 pairs

What is the average volume of the human brain? The answer is 1200 - 1500 cc

1200 - 1500 cc

What is the average range of weight of the human brain? The answer is 3 pounds

3 pounds and 1.35 kg

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? 31

31

About How much CSF is formed every day? The answer is 500 mL

500 ML

What is a cable like bundle of parallel axons? The answer is a nerve

A nerve

What part of the vertebrate nervous system innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glandular tissues and governs involuntary, vital functions? the answer is the autonomic nervous system

ANS

What is the name and number of the sixth cranial nerve? the answer is Abducens

Abducens

What is the name and number of the eleventh cranial nerve?

Accessory

The cell bodies of motor neurons within the spinal cord are found in what structures? the answer is Anterior Horn

Anterior Horn

What is the motor innervation of the femoral nerve? the answer is anterior thigh muscles

Anterior Thigh Muscles

The numerous small attachments of a spinal nerve to the spinal cord converge to form what structures? the answer is Anterior and posterior Roots

Anterior and posterior Roots

What regions of the body does the cervical plexus innervate? the answer is Anterior neck muscles. Skin of the neck and portions of the head and shoulders. Diaphragm.

Anterior neck muscles. Skin of the neck and portions of the head and shoulders. Diaphragm.

Which many next is deep and in contact with the Dura? The answer is arachnoid

Arachnoid

Structures reabsorb CSF? The answer is arachnoid granulations

Arachnoid granulation's

What part of a neuron conducts impulses away from the cell body? The answer is axon

Axon

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata together form what part of the brain? The answer is brainstem

Brainstem

What part of the CNS holds nuclei which have a great deal of influence over autonomic function? the answer is brainstem

Brainstem

List the functions of cerebrospinal fluid? The answer is Buoyancy, protection, environmental stability

Buoyancy, protection, environmental stability

Within the spinal cord where is gray matter located and how is it shaped? Butterfly shaped

Butterfly Shaped

The cervical plexus arises from what spinal nerves? the answer is C1-C4

C1-C4

The brachial plexus arises from what spinal nerves? the answer is C5- T1

C5-T1

Based on anatomical components what division of the nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord? The answer is CNS central nervous system

CNS central nervous system

What part of body holds the nucleus and is The control center of the cell? The answer is the cell body

Cell body

What are the anatomical borders of the most anterior of the cerebral lobes? The answer is central sulcus and lateral sulcus

Central sulcus and lateral sulcus

What are the right and left halves of the cerebellum? The answer is Cerebellar hemispheres

Cerebellar hemispheres

What stick tracks can make the cerebellum to the brain stem? Cerebellar peduncles

Cerebellar peduncles

What is the second largest part of the brain? The answer is cerebellum

Cerebellum

What is a superficial sheet of gray matter covering most of the adult brain? The answer is cerebral cortex

Cerebral cortex

What is the outer layer of gray matter of the cerebellum? The answer is cerebral cortex

Cerebral cortex

What are the 2 halves of the cerebellum? The answer is cerebral hemispheres

Cerebral hemispheres

What are paired, or regular masses of grey matter buried deep within the central white matter in the basal region of the cerebral hemispheres and failure to the floor of the lateral ventricle? The answer cerebral nuclei

Cerebral nuclei

Within the interior of the brain what are clusters of gray matter? The answer is cerebral nuclei

Cerebral nuclei

What is the clear colorless liquid that circulates in the ventricles in the sub arachnoid space of the brain? The answer is cerebral spinal fluid CSF

Cerebral spinal fluid CSF

What fills the central canal of the spinal cord? the answer is Cerebrospinal Fluid

Cerebrospinal fluid

List the regions of the spinal cord. the answer is Cervical region, thoracic region, lumbar region, sacral region, coccygeal region

Cervical region, thoracic region, lumbar region, sacral region, coccygeal region

List the regions of the spinal cord and the spinal nerves associated with each region. the answer is Cervical region: C1-C8. Thoracic region: T1-T12. Lumbar region: L1-L5. Sacral region: S1-S5. Coccygeal region: Co

Cervical region: C1-C8. Thoracic region: T1-T12. Lumbar region: L1-L5. Sacral region: S1-S5. Coccygeal region: Co

What is in the ventricles of the brain what structures form CSF? The answer is choroid plexuses

Choroid plexuses

What are the three general functions of the CNS and PNS? The answer is collecting information processing in evaluating information and responding to

Collecting information, Processing and evaluating information, responding to INFORMATION

What are the functions of the cerebrum? Conscious thought process origin of all complex intellectual functions

Conscious thought process origin of all complex intellectual functions

Which in the mid rain what is the body of four twins? Dancers Corpora quadrigemina

Corpora quadrigemina

What large tract of white matter connects the 2/2 of the cerebellum and is the main method of communication between them ??? The answer is corpus callosum

Corpus callosum

Collectively what are the four extensions of the diameter that extend as flat partitions into the cranial cavity to provide additional stabilization and support for the brain? The answer is Cranial dura septa

Cranial dura septa

What nerve extends from the brain? The answer is cranial

Cranial nerve

What nerve innervates the skin between the first and second toes of the dorsum of the foot? the answer is deep fibular

Deep Fibular

What nerve innervates the anterior leg muscles and the muscles of the dorsum of the foot? the answer is deep fibular nerve

Deep Fibular Nerve

What part of a neuron conducts impulses toward the cell body? Answers dendrites

Dendrites

What is a specific segment of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve? the answer is Dermatomes

Dermatomes

What part of the brain is composed of the epithalamus right and left tall my and the hypothalamus? The answer is Diencephalon

Diencephalon

Surrounding the CNS what is the external talk dance irregular connective tissue we are composed of two fibrous layer? The answer is Dura Mater

Dura mater

What spaces are formed when the two layers of the dermis or separate? Answer is dural Venous sinuses

Dural venous sinuses

From which germ layer does the nervous system develop? The answer is ectoderm

Ectoderm

What potential space lies between the Dura and the cranium?the answer is epidural space

Epidural space

Where does the white matter of the spinal cord lie in relation to the gray matter? the answer is external

External

What are the slightly curved rows of thick, short hairs at the superior edges of the orbits along the orbital ridges? the answer is eyebrows

Eyebrows

The parasympathetic division innervates the lacrimal gland, the nasal mucosa, and the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands through what nerve? the answer is facial

FACIAL

What is the name and number of the seventh cranial nerve? the answer is facial nerve

FACIAL nerve

Which of the cranial nerves has the following functions? Sensory function: Taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Somatic motor function: Innervates the muscles of facial expression and other muscles of the facial region. Parasympathetic motor function: Innervates the lacrimal gland and the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. the answer is Facial Nerve

Facial nerve

What nerve provides cutaneous innervation of the anterior and inferomedial thigh and the medial aspect of the leg? the answer is femoral nerve

Femoral Nerve

What is the main nerve of the posterior division of the lumbar plexus? the answer is femoral nerve

Femoral nerve

What are the deep grooves of the cerebellum? Fissures

Fissures

How many lobes lives in the cerebral hemisphere? The answer is five

Five

If you are driving a Sanpete County road on winter's day and a deer suddenly takes a suicidal leap in front of your car, what is the general response of your ANS? the answer is fight-or-flight

Flight or Flight

Where does the spinal cord begin and end in an adult? the answer is From the foramen magnum to the first lumbar vertebra (L1).

From the foramen magnum to the first lumbar vertebra (L1).

What is the most interior of the cerebral lobes? The answer is frontal

Frontal

What structure the sympathetic division of the ANS has the appearance of a pearl necklace? sympathetic trunk (paravertebral or chain) ganglia

GANGLIA

What are the elevator ridges of the surface of the cerebellum? The answer is Gyri

GYRI

What are clusters of neuron cell bodies outside of the CNS? Ganglia is the answer

Ganglia

What type of cells support and protect neurons? The answer is glial cells

Glial cells

What is the name and number of the ninth cranial nerve? the answer. is Glossopharyngea

Glossopharyngea

Which of the cranial nerves has the following functions? Sensory function: General sensation and taste from the posterior third of the tongue. Conducts sensory information on blood pressure and blood chemistry from the carotid sinuses. Somatic motor function: Innervates a pharyngeal muscle. Parasympathetic motor function: Innervates the parotid salivary gland. the answer is Glossopharyngeal nerve

Glossopharyngeal nerve

What horizontal bar of gray matter surrounds the central canal within the spinal cord? The answer is Gray Commissure

Gray Commissure

What type of tissue within the CNS houses motor neuron and interneuron cell bodies dendrites, Telodendria, and unmyelinated axons? The answer is gray matter

Gray matter

What portion of the spinal cord is composed of dendrites and cell bodies of neurons and glial cells and unmyelinated axons? the answer is Grey Matter

Grey Matter

What opening in the skull transmits the twelfth cranial nerve? the answer is Hypoglossal Canal

Hypoglossal Canal

What part of the brain lies inferior to the thalamus? The answer is hypothalamus

Hypothalamus

What region of the brain has the following functions? Master control of the ANS master control the endocrine system regulation of body temperature control of emotional behavior control of food and take control of water and take regulations of sleep weak rhythms the answer is hypothalamus

Hypothalamus

What is the name and number of the third cranial nerve? THE ANSWER IS III Oculomotor

III Oculomotor

What is the name and number of the fourth cranial nerve? TROCHLEAR

IV Trochlear

Usually both divisions of the ANS innervate organs. Where does this dual innervation not occur? the answer is In the skin and skeletal muscles. There is only sympathetic innervation here.

In the skin and skeletal muscles. There is only sympathetic innervation here.

What are the auditorium reflect centers of America in? The answer is inferior colliculi

Inferior colliculi

Call verse motor switch areas located within what region of the rain? The answers inferolateral portion of the left frontal lobe

Inferolateral portion of the left frontal lobe

What structure attaches the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland? The answer is in Infundibulum

Infundibulum

What small, deep lobe of each cerebral hemisphere lies deep to the lateral sulcus? The answer is insula

Insula

Where does the gustatory cortex occur? The answer is insula

Insula

The anterior rami of T1-T11 travel in intercostals spaces. What are these nerves called? the answer is Intercostal Nerves

Intercostal Nerves

In general, what do intercostals nerves innervate? the answer is Intercostal muscles Skin of the anterior and lateral thoracic wall

Intercostal muscles Skin of the anterior and lateral thoracic wall

How does the dura mater within the vertebral canal different from the dura within the cranial cavity? the answer is It consists of one layer rather than two.

It consists of one layer rather than two.

What opening in the skull transmits the ninth cranial nerve? the answer is Jugular Foramen

Jugular Foramen

The lumbar plexus arises from the anterior rami of what spinal nerves? the answer is L1-L4

L1- L4

The anterior rami of what spinal nerves form the sacral plexus? the answer is L4-S4

L4-S4

What is the strong, deformable, transparent structure of the eye that focuses images on the retina? the answer is lens

LENS

What structures produce tears? lacrimal glands

Lacrimal Glands

Within the spinal cord from T1-L2 what structures contain the cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons? the answer is Lateral Horns

Lateral Horns

What did group separates the 2/2 of the cerebellum? The answer is longitudinal fissure

Longitudinal fissure

What are the functions of the conjunctiva? the answer is Lubricates & moistens the eye. Blood vessels support the avascular sclera. Sensory receptors.

Lubricates & moistens the eye. Blood vessels support the avascular sclera. Sensory receptors.

What nerve innervates the anterior forearm muscles, the thenar muscles, and the two lateral lumbricals? the answer is median

Median

Carpal tunnel syndrome results in nocturnal hand paresthesia (a sensation of pricking, tingling, or creeping on the skin that has no objective cause) and pain, and sometimes sensory loss and wasting in the hand. The lateral palmar side of the hand, the two lateral lumbricals and the thenar group are affected. What nerve is involved? the answer is median nerve

Median Nerve

What nerve has the following cutaneous innervation: palmar side of the lateral 3 1/2 fingers and the lateral one-half of the ring finger and the dorsal tips of the same fingers? the answer is median nerve

Median Nerve

What is the most inferior part of the brain stem? The answer is medulla oblongata

Medulla oblongata

What are the parent functions of the small, deep low by beach cerebral hemispheres at lies Deep to the lateral sulcus? The answer is memory and interpretation of taste

Memory and interpretation of taste

Collectively what are the three connective tissue layers that separate the soft tissue of the brain from the bones of the cranium and protect blood vessels that supply the brain and contain and circulate cerebral spinal fluid? The answer is meninges

Meninges

What is a synonym for mesencephalon? The answer is brain stem

Midbrain

What functional division of the nervous system transmits impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands? Motor division

Motor division

What portion of the frontal lobe is involved with control of muscles involved with speech is located on the end for lateral portion of the low but is usually on the left side? The answer is motor speech area

Motor speech area

What is a network of interweaving anterior rami of spinal nerves? the answer is Nerve Plexuses

Nerve Plexuses

During the development of the nervous system what longitudinal indention forms from the neural plate? The answer is neural Grove

Neural groove

What is the thickened portion of tissue over the notochord called? The answer is neural plate

Neural plate

During the development of the nervous system Whitehall structure is formed as the neural folds me? Answer is neural tube

Neural tube

What is the process in which structures of the nervous system are from? The answer is neuralation

Neuralation

What is the study of the structure of the nervous system? The answer is neuroanatomy

Neuroanatomy

What is the study of the nervous system? The answer is neurology

Neurology

What type of cell initiates and transmits impulses within the nervous system? The answer is neuron

Neuron

List of defined the two cell types of the nervous system? the answer is neurons- which i initiate and transmit impulses glial cells - support and protect the neurons

Neurons - Initiate and transmit impulses and glial cells - support and protect the neurons

What is the study of the biological function of the nervous system? Neurophysiology is the answer

Neurophysiology

What is surgery involving the nervous system? The answer is neurosurgery

Neurosurgery

Where are the ganglia of the parasympathetic division found? the answer is Next to or within the organs they innervate.

Next to or within the organs they innervate.

Within the regions of the spinal cord's gray matter what are the various functional groups of neuron cell bodies the answer is Nuclei

Nuclei

What is the name and number of the first cranial nerve? Olfactory

OLfactory

If we follow a nerve impulse from the CNS to an effector within the SNS, how many motor neurons would be involved? the answer is one

ONE

What opening in the skull transmits the second cranial nerve? THE ANSWER IS OPTIC FORMAMEN

OPTIC FORAMEN

What is the name and number of the second cranial nerve?the answer is OPTIC NERVE

OPtic

What is the general shape of the spinal cord in cross-section? the answer is oval AP compression

OVAL

What is the main nerve of the anterior division of the lumbar plexus? the answer is obturator nerve

Obturator Nerve

Watlow by the cerebellum forms the most post to your region of each cerebral hemisphere? The answers occipital lobe

Occipital lobe

Where does the primary visual cortex occur? The answer is occipital lobe

Occipital lobe

What are the three branches of the fifth cranial nerve? THE ANSWER IS Ophthalmic branch (V1). Maxillary branch (V2). Mandibular branch (V3)

Ophthalmic branch (V1). Maxillary branch (V2). Mandibular branch (V3)

A bit of dirt gets blown into your eye. Tears flow. What division of the ANS brings about the flow? the answer is parasympathetic

Parasympathetic

You miss lunch and only have time for a bag of chips. What division of the ANS brings about an increase in the production of saliva as you eat? parasympathetic

Parasympathetic

What lobe of the cerebellum deals with general sensory functions such as evaluating the shape and texture of objects be in touch? The answer is parietal lobe

Parietal lobe

What lower the cerebellum forms the super posterior part of each Cerebral hemisphere? The answer is parietal lobe

Parietal lobe

What are the two functions of the spinal cord? the answer is Pathway for sensory and motor impulses. Spinal reflexes.

Pathway for sensory and motor impulses. Spinal reflexes.

What are the two layers of the dura mater? The answer is periosteal layer & menigeal layer

Periosteal layer & menigeal layer

Based on anatomical components, what division of the nervous system is made up of cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and ganglia?The answer is peripheral nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

What branch of the cervical plexus innervates the diaphragm? the answer is Phrenic Nerve

Phrenic Nerve

What meninx is the deepest and, unlike the others, follows the contours of the brain? Pia mater

Pia mater

what is the b Bulging region on the anterior part of the brain stem? The answer isPons

Pons

What important anatomical feature lies immediately posterior to the central sulcus? Answers postcentral gyrus

Postcentral gyrus

Where does the primary somatosensory cortex lie? Postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobes

Postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobes

Within the spinal cord what are the posterior masses of gray matter that contain the axons of sensory neurons and the cell bodies of interneurons? The answer is Posterior Horns

Posterior Horns

What important anatomical features of the frontal lobe lies immediately anterior to the central sulcus and is responsible for primary motor function? The answer is precentral gyrus

Precentral gyrus

A motor neuron within the ANS that lies between the CNS and a ganglion is what type of neuron? the answer is preganglionic neuron

Preganglionic neuron

Where is vision perceived? The answer is primary visual cortex of occipital lobe

Primary visual cortex of occipital lobe

What is the function of association areas within the cerebellum? The answer is process and interpret incoming data or coordinate a motor response

Process and interpret incoming data or cordinate a motor response

What is the function of the gustatory cortex? The answer is Processing of taste information

Processing of taste information

What nerve has the following motor and cutaneous innervation? Motor - Posterior arm muscles & the posterior forearm muscles. Cutaneous innervation - Posterior arm and forearm surface and the dorsolateral side of the hand. the answer is radial nerve

Radial Nerve

What nerve provides cutaneous innervation of the posterior arm and forearm surface and the dorsolateral side of the hand? the answer is radial nerve

Radial Nerve

What is the function of the primary auditory cortex? The answer is receives and processes auditory information

Receives and processes auditory information

What is the function of the primary so much cold sensory cortex? Receiving information on touch, Pressure, pain, and temperature

Receiving information on touch, pressure, pain, and temperature

What are structures that detect stimuli? the answer is receptors

Receptors

Anteriorly and posteriorly, what are the small attachments of a spinal nerve to the spinal cord? The answer is Rootlets

Rootlets

What opening in the skull transmits the third cranial nerve? THE ANSWER IS SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE

SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE

What openings in the skull transmit the ophthalmic branch of the fifth cranial nerve? THE ANSWER IS SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE

SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE

What is the largest and longest nerve in the body? the answer is sciatic nerve

Sciatic Nerve

What divisions of the nervous system is responsible for receiving sensory information and transmitting it to the CNS? The answer is sensory division

Sensory division

What is the function of the first cranial nerve? the answer is Sensory function: olfaction

Sensory function: olfaction

What subdivision of the modern division of the nervous system controls skeletal muscles? The answer is somatic motor system

Somatic motor system

What's the two subdivisions of the motor division? The answer is somatic motor systems visceral motor systems automatic nervous system

Somatic motor systems and visceral motor system

What subdivision of the sensory division of the nervous system deals with general somatic senses touch pain pressure vibration temperature and proprioception? The answer is somatic sensory

Somatic sensory

What subdivision of the sensory division of the nervous system is a general senses of the body wall? The answer is Somatic sensory

Somatic sensory

What are nerves that extend from the spinal cord? Answer a spinal nerves

Spinal nerve

What term is used to refer to T12 because it lies below the ribssubcostal nerve rather than between them? the answer is subcostal Nerve

Subcostal Nerve

What potential space lies between the dirt and the arachnoid? The answer is subdural space

Subdural space

Where are the shallow depressions of the surface of the cerebellum? The answer is sulci

Sulci

What are the visual reflex centers of the midbrain? The answer is superior colliculi

Superior colliculi

What division of the ANS is primarily concerned with preparing the body for emergencies and is often referred to as the "fight-or-flight" division? the answer is sympathetic

Sympathetic

What is a functional connection for the transmission of impulses from a neuron to a second cell? The answer is synapse

Synapse

What branch of the trigeminal nerve has the following functions: It conducts sensory impulses from the cornea, nose, forehead, and anterior scalp? THE OPHTHALMIC BRANCH

THE OPHTHALMIC BRANCH

What is the name and number of the fifth cranial nerve?

TRIGEMINAL

Which of the cranial nerves has the following functions? Somatic motor function: Supplies one extrinsic eye muscle (superior oblique) to move the eyeball inferiorly and laterally. THE ANSWER IS TROCHLEAR NERVE

TROCHLEAR NERVE

If we follow a nerve impulse from the CNS to an effector within the ANS, how many motor neurons would be involved? the anwser is two

TWO

What is the fibrous core of the eyelids? the answer is tarsal plate

Tarsal Plate

What are gustatory receptors? the answer is taste buds

Taste Buds

So where does the primary auditory cortex occur? The answer is temporal lobe

Temporal lobe

What lobe of the cerebrum lives in Ferrier to the lateral sulcus? The answer is temporal lobe

Temporal lobe

What's the role of functions and smell, hearing, interpreting speech and language? The answer is temporal lobe

Temporal lobe

Where does the olfactory cortex of her? The answer is temporal lobe

Temporal lobe

What region of the brain has the following functions? To act as a principal and finally point for sensory information that will be processed in projected to the primary sensory cortex - two filter sensory information so that only a small portion of it goes to the cerebellum dash to inform the cerebellum as to where is sensory information is coming from the answer is Thalamus

Thalamus

What structure partially form supposed to root for the Diencephalons ND COVERS RHE THIRD VENTRICLE ? The answer is Thalmus

Thalmus

What is the function of the olfactory cortex? The answer is provide conscious awareness of smell

The answer is provide conscious awareness of smell

What is the function of a primary visual cortex? The answer is receives and processes visual information

The answer is receives and processes visual information

What is the function of your speaker? The answer is regulating patterns of breathing and controlling the muscular movements necessary for vocalization

The answer is regulating patterns of breathing and controlling the muscular movement necessary for vocalization

What is the anatomical explanation for phantom pain?

The cell bodies of the sensory neurons that provided sensation to the amputated body part remain alive. The stimulation of the neural pathways they make up propagates nerve impulses and conducts them to the CNS where they are interpreted as originating from the amputated portion of the body and usually are perceived as pain.

What branch of the trigeminal nerve has the following functions? It conducts sensory impulses from the anterior twothirds of the tongue, skin of the chin, lower jaw, lower teeth, and one third of the sensory fibers of the auricle of the ear. Somatic motor function: Innervates muscles of mastication and other muscles of the lower facial region. THE ANSWER IS The mandibular branch.

The mandibular branch.

When does the nervous system begin to develop? The answer is the third week

Third week

What nerve is formed from the anterior divisions of the sciatic nerve? the answer is tibial nerve

Tibial Nerve

Within the leg, what nerve innervates the plantar flexors of the foot and the flexors of the toes? the answer is tibial nerve

Tibial nerve

What are rumbles of myelinated axons that lie deep to the cerebral cortex? The answers trats

Trats

What nerve innervates of some of the anterior forearm muscles and intrinsic muscles of the hand (hypothenar muscles, palmar and dorsal interossei, and the medial two lumbricals). the answer is ulnar nerve

Ulnar Nerve

The parasympathetic division innervates the airways of the lungs, the heart, and the abdominal viscera through what nerve? the answer is vagus

VAGUS

What is the name and number of the eighth cranial nerve? the answer is VIII Vestibulocochlear

VIII Vestibulocochlear

What cranial nerve carries nearly 80% of the parasympathetic output? the answer is vagus

Vagus

What is the name and number of the tenth cranial nerve? the answer is Vagus

Vagus

Which of the cranial nerves has the following functions? Sensory function: Innervates the pharynx, larynx, and thoracic and abdominal viscera, as well as the external auditory canal, eardrum, and pharynx. Somatic motor function: Innervates most pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles. Parasympathetic motor function: Innervates myocardium and the smooth muscle and glands of the thoracic and abdominal viscera. the answer is VAGUS

Vagus

What are the cavities within the brain? The answer is ventricles

Ventricles

What warm like structure of a cerebellum lies between the two cerebellar hemisphere is? The answer is vermis

Vermis

Beginning with a vertebra and going from superficial to deep, list the spaces and structures surrounding the spinal cord. the answer is Vertebra. Epidural space. Dura mater. Subdural space. Arachnoid. Subarachnoid space. Pia mate

Vertebra. Epidural space. Dura mater. Subdural space. Arachnoid. Subarachnoid space. Pia mate

Which cranial nerve has the following functions? Sensory function: Conducts impulses of hearing and equilibrium from the inner ear. the answer is VIII Vestibulocochlear nerve

Vestibulocochlear nerve

What does "splanchnic" mean? the asnwer is visceral

Visceral

What subdivision of the motor division of the nervous system is involuntary and controls cardiac and smooth muscles and glands? The answer is visceral motor system which is a part of the autonomic nervous system

Visceral motor system

What subdivision of the sensory division of the nervous system deals with stretch and temperature from blood vessels and internal organs? The answer isVisceral sensory

Visceral sensory

What are the functions of the occipital lobe of the cerebellum? The answer is visual processing in visual memories

Visual processing and visual memories

List the primary function of the frontal lobe of the cerebellum? The answer is voluntary motor functions concentration verbal communication decision making planning personality

Voluntary motor function concentration verbal communication decision making planning and personality

What is the function of the primary motor cortex? The answer is control voluntary Skeletal muscle activity

Voluntary skeletal muscle activity

What portion of the spinal cord is composed of myelinated axons? the answer is White matter

White matter

Which of the cranial nerves has the following functions? Somatic motor function: Cranial root - Travels with CN X fibers to the pharynx. Spinal root — Innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid. THe answer is XI Accessory

XI Accessory

What is the name and number of the twelveth cranial nerve? the answer is Hypoglossal

XII Hypoglossal

Which of the cranial nerves has the following functions? Somatic motor function: Innervates intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles. the answer is XII Hypoglossal nerve

XII Hypoglossal nerve

Other than the regions innverated by the femoral and obturator nerves, what other regions of the body do small branches of the lumbar plexus innervate? the answer is abdominal wall, the scrotum and the labia, interior portions of the abdominal muscles

abdominal wall, the scrotum and the labia, interior portions of the abdominal muscles

Which of the cranial nerves has the following functions? Somatic motor function: Innervates one extrinsic eye muscle (lateral rectus) for abduction of the eyeball. the answer is abducens

abducens

What are the two main divisions of the sacral plexus?the answer is anterior & posterior

anterior and Posterior

The lens divides the interior of the eye into two spaces. What are these? the answer is anterior and posterior cavities

anterior and posterior cavities

Spinal nerves are formed by the convergence of what structures within what structure? the answer is anterior and posterior roots within the intervertebral foramen

anterior and posterior roots within the intervertebral foramen

Within the spinal cord what are the anterior masses of gray matter that contain the cell bodies of somatic motor neurons? the answer is anterior horns

anterior horns

What is the motor innervation of the musculocutaneous nerve? the answer is anterior muscles of the brachium

anterior muscles of the brachium

What part of spinal nerves do the preganglionic sympathetic axons travel within as they leave the lateral horn of the spinal cord? the answer is anterior root

anterior root

What fluid lies between the lens and the cornea of the eye? that answer is aqueous humor

aqueous humor

collectively what are the three small bones of the middle ear called? the answer is auditory ossicles

auditory ossicles

What structure communicates the middle ear cavity with the atmosphere and thus allow the pressure of the middle ear cavity to equal that of the atmosphere and the outer ear? the answer is auditory tube

auditory tube

What portion of the external ear is supported by elastic cartilage, covered with skin, and projects laterally?the answer is auricle or pinna

auricle or pinna

List the five nerves that innervate the upper extremity. the answer is axillary nerve, median nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, radial nerve, ulnar nerve

axillary nerve, median nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, radial nerve, ulnar nerve

Based on the modality of the stimulus, what type of receptor responds to changes in pressurewithin body structures? the answer is baroreceptor

baroreceptor

What are the bony spaces or cavities of the inner ear? the answer is bony labyrinth

bony labyrinth

Where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons for the parasympathetic division located? the answer is brainstem and gray regions of S2-S4 spinal cord segments.

brainstem and gray regions of S2-S4 spinal cord segments.

What are the spinal nerves that extend from the end of the spinal cord to the end of the vertebral canal? A pair of them exits the canal at each of the lower levels. the answer is cauda equina

cauda equina

List the three prevertebral ganglia? the answer is celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion, inferior mesenteric ganglion

celiac ganglion, superior mesenteric ganglion, inferior mesenteric ganglion

What part of the brain coordinates and fine-tune skeletal muscle movement and maintain equilibrium and posture? The answer is Cerebellum

cerebellum

Within the midbrain what are the motor tracts located on the anterolateral surfaces? The answer is cerebral Peduncles

cerebral Peduncles

What glands lie within the external auditory canal? ceruminous glands

ceruminous glands

What clusters of ganglia of the sympathetic division of the ANS lie within the neck? the answer is cervical ganglia

cervical ganglia

Based on the modality of the stimulus, what type of receptor detects specific molecules? the answer is chemoreceptor

chemoreceptor

What region of the vascular tunic is posterior and is the most extensive and houses a vast network of capillaries to supply the retina? the answer is choroid

choroid

What portion of the vascular tunic of the eye contains a muscular ring that works to focus images on the retina?the answer is ciliary body

ciliary body

What structure of the eye contracts and relaxes to change the shape of the lens? the answer is ciliary muscle

ciliary muscle

What is the snailshaped portion of the inner ear?the answer is cochlea

cochlea

What division of what nerve innervates the short head of the biceps femoris? the answer is common fibular division of the sciatic nerve

common fibular division of the sciatic nerve

What nerve is formed from the posterior division of the sciatic nerve?

common fibular nerve

What is the probable cause of referred pain? the answer is common neural pathways

common neural pathways

What are the connections between the spinal nerves and the sympathetic trunk ganglia? the answer is communicating rami (rami communicates)

communicating rami

What branches of a spinal nerve are associated with the autonomic nervous system? the answer is communicating rami

communicating rami

What layer of specialized stratified squamous epithelium forms a continuous lining of both the external, anterior surface of the eye and the internal surface of the eyelid? the answer is conjunctiva

conjunctiva

What is the avascular, transparent, anterior portion of the fibrous tunic of the eye? cornea

cornea

What are the nerves that extend from the brain? the answer is CRANIAL NERves

cranial nerves

What is another term for the parasympathetic division? the answer is craniosacral division

craniosacral division

What are the two main divisions of the common fibular nerve?' the answer is deep fibular nerve & superficial fibular nerve

deep fibular nerve & superficial fibular nerve

Where is the cervical plexus located? the answer is deep on the lateral side of the neck

deep on the lateral side of the neck

What is the motor innervation of the axillary nerve? the answer is deltoid & teres minor

deltoid & teres minor

What structure forms aqueous humor? epithelium of the ciliary body

epithelium of the ciliary body

What portion of the middle ear cavity communicates with the air cells within the mastoid portion of the temporal bone? the answers epitympanic recess

epitympanic recess

What are the three anatomic regions of the ear? the answer is external (outer) ear, middle ear, inner ear

external (outer) ear, middle ear, inner ear

What is the bony tube within the skull that carries sound waves from the pinna to the tympanic membrane (eardrum)? the answer is external acoustic meatus

external acoustic meatus

What is the structure made of soft tissue and cartilage lining the external auditory meatus? the answer is external auditory canal

external auditory canal

Based on the origin of the stimulus, what type of receptor detects stimuli from the external environment? the answer is exteroceptor

exteroceptor

What structures extend from the margins of the eyelids and prevent large foreign objects from coming into contact with the anterior surface of the eye? the answer is eyelashes

eyelashes

What are the movable anterior protective coverings over the surfaces of the eyes? eyelids

eyelids

What cranial nerves carry impulses from taste buds? the answer is facial nerve (CN VII), glossopharyngeal (CN IX), vagus (CN X)

facial nerve (CN VII), glossopharyngeal (CN IX), vagus (CN X)

What is the external layer of the eyeball? The answer is fibrous tunic

fibrous tunic

What openings in the skull transmit the maxillary branch of the fifth cranial nerve? the answer is Foramen rotundum

foramen Rotundum

What opening in the skull transmits the mandibular branch of the fifth cranial nerve? the answer is foramen ovale

foramen ovale

What openings in the skull transmit the first cranial nerve? the answer is foramina of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid

foramina of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid

What is the area of sharpest vision on the retina? fovea centralis

fovea centralis

What sympathetic ganglia lie on the left and right sides of the vertebral column? sympathetic trunk (paravertebral or chain) ganglia

ganglia

A motor neuron within the ANS that lies between a ganglion and an effector is what type of neuron? the answer is ganglionic neuron

ganglionic neuron

The parasympathetic division innervates the parotid salivary gland through what nerve? the answer is glossopharyngeal

glossopharyngeal

Nerves emerging from the sacral plexus innervate what portions of the body? the answer is gluteal region, pelvis, perineum, posterior thigh, almost all of the leg and foot

gluteal region, pelvis, perineum, posterior thigh, almost all of the leg and foot

What structures carry postganglionic sympathetic axons from the sympathetic trunk to the spinal nerves? the answer is gray rami communicates (gray rami)

gray rami

What part of the CNS has the greatest control over the ANS? the answer is hypothalamus

hypothalamus

Which of the three ear ossicles lies between the other two? the answer is incus

incus

What opening in the skull transmits the eighth cranial nerve? the answer is Internal acoustic meatus

internal acoustic meatus

What openings in the skull transmit the seventh cranial nerve? the answer is internal acoustic meatus and stylomastoid foramen

internal acoustic meatus and stylomastoid foramen

Based on the origin of the stimulus, what type of receptor detects stimuli from the internal environment? the answer is interoceptor

interoceptor

What portion of the vascular tunic of the eye is the most anterior and is what we commonly refer to when we speak of the color of the eye? the answer is iris

iris

What opening in the skull transmits the eleventh cranial nerve? the answer is jugular foramen

jugular foramen

What opening in the skull transmits the tenth cranial nerve? the answer is Jugular Foramen

jugular foramen

What structure drains tears from the lacrimal puncta? the answer is lacrimal canaliculus

lacrimal canaliculus

What are the small, reddish bodies at the medial commissure of each eye? the answer is lacrimal caruncle

lacrimal caruncle

What openings in the eyelids allow tears to drain from the eye into the nose? the answer is lacrimal puncta

lacrimal puncta

What structure collects tears and sits in the lacrimal fossa of the lacrimal bones? the answer is lacrimal sac

lacrimal sac

What specific regions of the spinal cord house the cell bodies of the parasympathetic division of the ANS? the answer is lateral gray regions of the S2-S4 spinal cord segments

lateral gray regions of the S2-S4 spinal cord segments

Where is the brachial plexus located? the answer is lateral neck & axilla

lateral neck & axilla

What is the cutaneous innervation of the musculocutaneous nerve? the answer is lateral surface of the forearm

lateral surface of the forearm

What dense, elastic structure bounds the lens of the eye? the answer is lens capsule

lens capsule

What muscle opens the eye? the answer is levator palpebrae superioris

levator palpebrae superioris

What rounded, yellowish region of the retina has a concentration of cones and lies lateral to the optic disc? the answer is macula lutea

macula lutea

What small bone is attached to the deep surface of the tympanic membrane? the answer is malleus

malleus

Based on the modality of the stimulus, what type of receptor responds to touch, pressure, vibration, or stretch? the answer is mechanoreceptor

mechanoreceptor

What is the motor innervation of the obturator nerve? the answer is medial thigh muscles

medial thigh muscles

What are the fluid-filled tubes of the inner ear? the answer is membranous labyrinth

membranous labyrinth

What is the motor innervation of the superficial fibular nerve? the answer is muscles of the lateral compartment

muscles of the lateral compartment

Nerves of the sacral plexus arising from the posterior division tend to innervate what muscles? the answer is muscles that extends (or dorsiflex) part of the lower limb

muscles that extends or dorsiflex part of the lower limb

Nerves of the sacral plexus arising from the anterior division tend to innervate what muscles? the answer is muscles that flex (or plantar flex) parts of the lower limb

muscles that flex or plantar flex parts of the lower limb

What structure drains tears into the nose? the answer is nasolacrimal duct

nasolacrimal duct

The auditory tube connects the middle ear cavity with what other anatomical structure? the answer is nasopharynx

nasopharynx

What layer of the eye contains photoreceptors? neural tunic or retina

neural tunic or retina

Based on the modality of the stimulus, what type of receptor responds to pain? the answer is nociceptor

nociceptor

The parasympathetic division innervates the ciliary and the pupillary constrictor muscle of the iris through what nerve? the answer is oculomotor

oculomotor

Which cranial nerve has the following functions? Somatic motor function: Supplies four extrinsic eye muscles (superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique), which move the eyeball, and the levator palpebrae superioris, which elevates the upper eyelid. Parasympathetic motor: Innervates sphincter pupillae (pupil constrictor) muscle in eye to make pupil constrict; contracts ciliary muscles to make lens of eye more puffy (thicker, as needed for vision) THE ANSWER IS oculomotor

oculomotor

What cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibers? the answer is oculomotor (CN III), facial (CN VII), glossopharyngeal (CN IX), vagus (CN X)

oculomotor (CN III), facial (CN VII), glossopharyngeal (CN IX), vagus (CN X)

What is the sense of smell? the answer is olfaction

olfaction

What cranial nerve is transmitted by the foramina of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid?the answer is olfactory nerve

olfactory nerve

What cranial nerve carries impulses from olfactory receptors? the answer is olfactory nerve (CN I)

olfactory nerve (CN I)

The optic nerves converge anterior to the pituitary gland to form what structure? optic chiasma

optic chiasma

What posterior portion of the eye do neurons extend through and form a round structure frequently referred to as the blind spot because there are no photoreceptors here? the answer is optic disc

optic disc

What cranial nerve carries impulses from the retina to the brain? the answer is optic nerve (CN II)

optic nerve (CN II)

What muscle closes the eye? the answer is orbicularis oculi

orbicularis oculi

A test in the Testing Center takes longer than you anticipated. Now you're late for your next class. You jog. You arrive and settle into your seat. The airways in your lungs constrict was you catch your breath. What division of the ANS brings about this constriction? the answer is parasympathetic

parasympathetic

What division of the ANS is primarily concerned with conserving energy and replenishing nutrient stores and has been nicknamed the "rest and-digest" division? the asnswer is parasympathetic

parasympathetic

You walk from a relatively dim building into the brightness of a sunny winter's day. Your pupils constrict. What division of the ANS brings about this constriction? the answer is parasympathetic

parasympathetic

What are the two divisions of the ANS? the answer is parasympathetic and sympathetic.

parasympathetic and sympathetic.

What regions of the body does the brachial plexus innervate? the answer is pectoral girdle and upper extremity

pectoral girdle and upper extremity

What nerves carry fibers of the parasympathetic division of the ANS through the pelvis? the answer is pelvic splanchnic nerves

pelvic splanchnic nerves

What type of pain involves the perception of pain in an amputated or excised part of the body? The answer is phantom pain

phantom pain

Based on the modality of the stimulus, what type of receptor responds to light? the answer is photoreceptor

photoreceptor

What is the cutaneous innervation of the tibial nerve? the answer is plantar surface of the foot

plantar surface of the foot

The white matter of the spinal cord is partitioned into three regions. What each called? the answer is posterior funiculus, lateral funiculus, anterior funiculus

posterior funiculus, lateral funiculus, anterior funiculus

What depressions lie on the anterior and posterior surface of the spinal cord? the answer is posterior median sulcus, anterior median sulcus.

posterior median sulcus, anterior median sulcus.

What are the two main branches of a spinal nerve? the answer is posterior ramus & anterior ramus

posterior ramus & anterior ramus

The cell bodies of sensory neurons associated with the spinal cord are found in what structures? the answer is posterior root ganglion

posterior root ganglion

What is the axon of a ganglionic neuron within the ANS? the answer is postganglionic axon

postganglionic axon

What is the function of eyebrows? the answer is prevent sweat from dripping into the open eye & facial expression

prevent sweat from dripping into the open eye & facial expression

Splanchnic nerves of the sympathetic division of the ANS terminate in what structures? the answer is prevertebral (collateral) ganglia

prevertebral (collateral) ganglia

What structures are singular rather than paired, are anterior to the vertebral column, and are located only in the abdominal cavity? the answer is prevertebral ganglia

prevertebral ganglia

Based on the origin of the stimulus, what type of receptor responds to stimuli dealing with the position of the body? the answer is proprioceptor

proprioceptor

What is the opening within the iris? pupil

pupil

What nerve innervates the posterior arm muscles and the posterior forearm muscles? the answer is radial nerve

radial nerve

What type of pain occurs when impulses from certain viscera are perceived as originating not within the organ, but in dermatomes of the skin? the answer is referred pain

referred pain

What is the function of the blood brain barrier? regulates what substances enter the interstitial fluid of the brain

regulates what substances enter the interstitial fluid of the brain

What is the white of the eye? the answer is sclera

sclera

What structure reabsorbs aqueous humor? the answer is scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)

scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)

What glands lie within the lacrimal caruncle? the answer is sebaceous glands

sebaceous glands

What are the three halfcircle-shaped structures of the inner ear? the answer is semicircular canals

semicircular canals

What is gustation? the answer is the sense of taste

sense of taste

What is the function of the second cranial nerve? THE ANSWER IS sensory function: vision

sensory function: vision

What type of receptor is found in the body wall? the answer is somatic sensory receptor

somatic sensory receptor

What pathway is a postganglionic axon within if it travels through a gray ramus that is at the same level as the ganglionic neuron to innervate blood vessels or arrector pili muscles or sweat glands? the answer is spinal nerve pathway

spinal nerve pathway

What pathway is postganglionic axon within if it passes through the sympathetic trunk ganglia without synapsing and extends to the prevertebral ganglia? the answer is splanchnic nerve pathway

splanchnic nerve pathway

What structures are composed of preganglionic axons that do not synapse in a sympathetic trunk ganglion? the answer is splanchnic nerves

splanchnic nerves

What small bone is attached to the oval window? the answers is stapes

stapes

List four factors that are necessary for us to perceive a sensation? the answer is. stimulus, receptor, conduction of nerve impulse, interpretation of the impulse

stimulus, receptor, conduction of nerve impulse, interpretation of the impulse

What real space lies just deep to the arachnoid? The answer is Subarachnoid space

subarachnoid space

What nerve innervates the skin of the anteroinferior part of the leg and most of the dorsum of the foot? the answer is superficial fibular

superficial fibular

What opening in the skull transmits the fourth cranial nerve?

superior orbital fissure

What opening in the skull transmits the sixth cranial nerve? the answer. is superior orbital fissure

superior orbital fissure

List the six extrinsic muscles of the eye. the answer is superior rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique

superior rectus, inferior rectus, lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique

What is the cutaneous innervation of the axillary nerve? the answer is superolateral portion of the arm

superolateral portion of the arm

What is the cutaneous innervation of the obturator nerve? the answer is superomedial skin of the thigh

superomedial skin of the thigh

What structures attach to the lens capsule at its periphery where they transmit tension to change the shape of the lens? the answer is suspensory ligaments

suspensory ligaments

A test in the Testing Center takes longer than you anticipated. You're late for your next class. You jog. As you do the airways in your lungs dilate. What division of the ANS brings about this dilation? The answer is sympathetic division

sympathetic division

After class you go for a game of racquetball and work up a sweat. What division of the ANS causes the formation of sweat? the answer is sympathetic division

sympathetic division

The lateral horns of T1- L2 of the spinal cord give rise to what division of the ANS? the answer is sympathetic division

sympathetic division

The pupil dilates when a person walks into a relatively dark building from a bright, snowy winter's day. What division of the ANS brings about this dilation? the answer is sympathetic division

sympathetic division

What pathway is a sympathetic axon within if it goes to the adrenal medulla? the answer is adrenal medulla pathway (aka sympathoadrenal pathway)

the answer is adrenal medulla pathway

The iris divides the anterior cavity of the eye into two spaces. What are they? the answer is anterior and posterior chambers

the answer is anterior and posterior chambers

What division of the ANS may process and control certain functions at the level of the spinal cord without involvement of the brain? the answer is parasympathetic

the answer is parasympathetic

What branch of the trigeminal nerve has the following functions: It conducts sensory impulses from nasal mucosa, palate, gums, and cheek? THE ANSWER IS the maxillary branch.

the maxillary branch.

Based on the modality of the stimulus, what type of receptor responds to changes in temperature? the answer is thermoreceptor

thermoreceptor

What is another term for the sympathetic division of the ANS? the answer is thoracolumbar division

thoracolumbar division

What division of what nerve innervates the hamstrings? the answer is tibial division of the sciatic nerve

tibial division of the sciatic nerve

What space lies within the middle ear? tympanic cavity (middle ear cavity)

tympanic cavity (middle ear cavity)

What is the delicate, funnel-shaped epithelial sheet that is the partition between the external and middle ear? the answer is tympanic membrane

tympanic membrane

What nerve provides cutaneous innervation of the dorsal and palmar aspects of the medial 1 1/2 fingers (the medial aspect of digit 4 and all of digit 5)? the answer is ulnar nerve

ulnar nerve

What is the middle layer of the eye wall? the answer is vascular tunic

vascular tunic

What portion of the inner ear lies between the cochlea and the semicircular canals?the answer is vestibule

vestibule

What cranial nerve transmits impulses from the inner ear to the brain? the answer is vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

What type of receptor is found in the viscera? the answer is visceral sensory receptor

visceral sensory receptor

What gelatinous matter fills the posterior cavity of the eye? vitreous humor

vitreous humor

What structures carry preganglionic sympathetic axons from the T1-L2 spinal nerves to the sympathetic trunk? the answer is white rami communicantes (white rami)

white rami communicantes