Unit VI Review

Based on the concept of core-periphery relationships, which of the following regions of the United States best fits the description of periphery in the early 21st century? A) Alaska. B) Colorado. C) New York. D) California. E) Illinois.

A) Alaska.

Many United States high tech companies have been outsourcing many of their technical support and other tertiary jobs to which of the following countries? A) India B) China C) South Africa D) Saudi Arabia E) Germany

A) India

In the countries of China, Vietnam and India which of the following sectors of the economy is losing the most people? A) Primary. B) Secondary. C) Quaternary. D) Quinary. E) Tertiary.

A) Primary

On a global scale, in which of the following sectors do most people work? A) Primary. B) Secondary. C) Quaternary. D) Quinary. E) Tertiary.

A) Primary

Which of the following economic sectors is least likely to occur in the core area of a country? A) Primary. B) Secondary. C) Quaternary. D) Quinary. E) Tertiary.

A) Primary

Computer technical support jobs are increasingly being outsourced to India, because of improvements in telecommunication technology. Which term best exemplifies this trend? A) Space-time compression. B) Agglomeration. C) Absolute distance. D) Multiplier effect. E) Non-governmental organizations (NGO).

A) Space-time compression.

The largest sector of the economy in Postindustrial countries is... A) Primary. B) Secondary. C) Quaternary. D) Quinary. E) Tertiary.

A) Tertiary

Which of the following is considered the place of origin of the Industrial Revolution? A) United Kingdom. B) France. C) United States. D) Belgium. E) Germany.

A) United Kingdom

Which of the following regions accounted for nearly 80% of the industrial output of the early 1800s Industrial Revolution? A) Western Europe. B) Eastern China. C) Unites States. D) Australia. E) South America.

A) Western Europe.

Which of the following industries would most likely be market oriented? A) Windshields. B) Threshing wheat. C) Copper smelting. D) French fry production. E) Fish processing.

A) Windshields.

Which of the following regions gets the highest percentage of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from agriculture? A) Central America. B) Central Africa. C) Western Europe. D) Australia. E) South America.

B) Central Africa.

Which of the following regions has the highest concentration of a subsistent economic system? A) Central America. B) Central Africa. C) Western Europe. D) Australia. E) South America.

B) Central Africa.

Based on the concept of Wallerstein's world-systems analysis, which of the following countries best fits the description of semi-periphery in the early 21st century? A) Afghanistan. B) China. C) Cuba. D) Germany. E) Nigeria.

B) China.

Which of the following development schools of thought advocates that the dynamic between highly developed and developing countries, permanently keeps less developed countries at an economic disadvantage? A) Appropriation. B) Dependency. C) Modernization. D) Neoliberal Counterrevolution. E) Sustainable Development.

B) Dependency.

Which of the following best explains why many companies continue to locate factories in traditional manufacturing regions like the northeast United States and Western Europe? A) Low labor costs and loose environmental laws. B) Large pool of skilled labor and quick delivery to large markets. C) Stable government and low labor costs. D) Weak unions and stringent environmental laws. E) Decreasing global transportation costs and rising labor costs in China.

B) Large pool of skilled labor and quick delivery to large markets

Which of the following cities is the highest order financial center? A) Singapore. B) London. C) Sidney. D) Lagos. E) Chicago.

B) London.

Which of the following situational factors best explains why automobile manufacturing and assembly plants continue to locate in the interior United States? A) Lower labor costs than in coastal locations with strong environmental laws. B) Relatively less expensive site costs and quick delivery to large markets. C) Weight gain industries can locate further from their market area. D) Weak unions and stringent environmental laws. E) Decreasing global transportation costs and rising labor costs in China.

B) Relatively less expensive site costs and quick delivery to large markets.

Which of the following best describes the overall global trend in agriculture? A) The percent of people working in agriculture is declining and the productivity of farming is decreasing. B) The percent of people working in agriculture is declining and the productivity of farming is increasing. C) The percent of people working in agriculture is increasing D) The percent of people working in agriculture is increasing and productivity of farming is decreasing. E) The percent of people working in agriculture is increasing and productivity of farming is increasing.

B) The percent of people working in agriculture is declining and the productivity of farming is increasing.

Which of the following factors helps to explain why automobile manufacturing facilities are being built in the Southern United States as opposed to the traditional locations of Michigan and other states in the Midwest? A) Increasing cost of automobile maintenance. B) Workers in the South are less likely to join a union. C) Increasing competition from cars produced in China. D) The largest population clusters in the US are in the South. E) Hybrid technology exists in greater supplies in the South than other regions of the US.

B) Workers in the South are less likely to join a union.

According to Wallerstein's world-systems analysis, which of the following is the eventual outcome of the theory? A) Permanent division of wealthy core countries and poor periphery countries. B) Creation of one giant super core with the rest of the world as a periphery. C) Evolution towards multiple cores that exchange goods, services and resources. D) Current system of cores and periphery exists with the periphery becoming increasingly financially dependent on the core. E) Devolution of core, replaced by multiple semi-periphery regions supported by the resources of nearby periphery regions.

C) Evolution towards multiple cores that exchange goods, services and resources.

Prior to the Industrial Revolution, which of the following best describes manufacturing? A) Large factories located in cities were owned by corporations. B) Multinational corporations create a global assembly line of production. C) Individual families produced goods by hand or on individual spinning wheels. D) Mechanized assembly line with workers monitoring the quality of the product. E) Manufacturing did not exist prior to the Industrial Revolution.

C) Individual families produced goods by hand or on individual spinning wheels.

Which of the following development schools of thought advocates that countries proceed through progressive stages of economic structural change? Less developed countries should follow the path that Western Europe and North America took during the Industrial Revolution. A) Core-periphery. B) Dependency. C) Modernization. D) Neoliberal Counterrevolution. E) Sustainable Development.

C) Modernization.

Which of the following industries would most likely be resource oriented? A) Making concrete. B) Fresh baked bread. C) Paper production. D) Bottling soft drinks. E) Airplane production.

C) Paper production.

Which of the following industries is most likely to outsource jobs to another country because of slight increases in labor costs? A) Steel manufacturing. B) Automobile assembly plant. C) Textile plant. D) High-tech research facility. E) Milk dairy.

C) Textile plant.

Based on the concept of Wallerstein's world-systems analysis, which of the following countries best fits the description of core in the early 21st century? A) Afghanistan. B) China. C) Cuba. D) Germany. E) Nigeria.

D) Germany.

Which of the following is not a locational tendency of high tech industries? A) Proximity to a major university. B) Access to venture capital and entrepreneurs. C) Areas with high quality of life reputations. D) Inner-city, downtown locations close to central business districts. E) Availability of high quality communication and transportation facilities.

D) Inner-city, downtown locations close to central business districts.

Which of the following is typically not a characteristic of less developed countries? A) Extreme disparities in income exist between rich and poor. B) An increasing percentage of the population living in cities. C) Large portions of the population engaged in agricultural activity. D) Large portions of the population are highly skilled and educated. E) The standard of living has generally been rising.

D) Large portions of the population are highly skilled and educated.

Which of the following areas is considered a peripheral region within China? A) Hong Kong - Guangdong - Southern. B) Shanghai - Chang - East. C) Beijing - Northern. D) Lhasa - Tibet - West. E) Shenyang - Northeast.

D) Lhasa - Tibet - West.

Which of the following areas is not considered a large manufacturing region in China? A) Hong Kong - Guangdong - Southern. B) Shanghai - Chang - East. C) Beijing - North. D) Lhasa - Tibet - West. E) Shenyang - Northeast.

D) Lhasa - Tibet - West.

The industrialization of a country's economy often has which the following large- scale effects on a country's demographic patterns? A) People migrate from the cities into rural areas seeking new jobs in the primary sector. This migration leads to a decrease in death rate for the country. B) Individuals migrate to new industrial or urban areas in search of jobs. Over time the death rate increases for the country because of the high risk jobs. C) Families migrate to cities seeking jobs in the secondary sector and because of the increased wages, birth rate increases for the country. D) Mechanized farming replaces many labor-intensive jobs, inducing people to move to new industrial and urban areas. Over time, the country's birth rate decreases as the country industrializes. E) Industrialization has very little effect on the migration of a country's population but does have the dramatic effect of increasing the death rate.

D) Mechanized farming replaces many labor-intensive jobs, inducing people to move to new industrial and urban areas. Over time, the country's birth rate decreases as the country industrializes.

Which of the following development schools of thought followed by the Chinese in the 1980's advocates that counties who wish to improve their economy should privatize industries, encourage foreign investment and move towards free trade? A) Appropriation. B) Dependency. C) Modernization. D) Neoliberal Counterrevolution. E) Sustainable Development.

D) Neoliberal Counterrevolution.

All of the following descriptions explain in part the diffusion of the Industrial Revolution except A) Hierarchical diffusion - The British Empire spread industrial concepts throughout many world cities and regions. B) Contagious diffusion - manufacturing ideas and concepts spread from England to nearby European countries. C) Stimulus diffusion - Many American and European companies modified ideas and concepts from England and created new ways of manufacturing. D) Reverse hierarchical - manufacturing ideas and concepts from the outlying rural areas of the British Empire spread back to England and stimulated the Industrial Revolution. E) Diffused to areas with common locational factors including the availability of coal,

D) Reverse hierarchical - manufacturing ideas and concepts from the outlying rural areas of the British Empire spread back to England and stimulated the Industrial Revolution.

Using a global scale, which of the following regions would not be considered a major manufacturing region during the 20th century? A) Eastern China. B) Northeast United States. C) Western Europe. D) Southern India. E) Eastern Europe.

D) Southern India

Which of the following regions has the largest percent of the world's petroleum reserves? A) Southeast Asia. B) Eastern Europe. C) Central America. D) Southwest Asia. E) North America.

D) Southwest Asia.

Based on the concept of core-periphery relationships, which of the following regions of Europe best fits the description of periphery in the early 21st century? A) United Kingdom. B) France. C) Germany. D) Spain. E) Netherlands.

D) Spain.

Which of the following is an economic system with relatively simple technology on which people produce most or all of the goods to satisfy their family's needs? A) Capitalist. B) Mixed. C) Planned. D) Subsistence. E) Market.

D) Subsistence.

Which of the following does not accurately depict the location characteristics of manufacturing in Russia? A) Generally concentrated in the western portions of Russia. B) Located along transportation routes, especially railroads. C) The Ural Mountains vast amount of natural resources both supply and fuel factories with materials necessary to manufacture goods. D) The vast amount of fast moving rivers and large population create an agglomeration of industries near Lake Baykal. E) A large manufacturing area is concentrated near Moscow because of its market, transportation connections, and its centrality.

D) The vast amount of fast moving rivers and large population create an agglomeration of industries near Lake Baykal.

6. Which of the following factors does not explain why automobile manufacturing and assembly plants continue to close or relocate facilities in the northern United States? A) Lower labor costs in other U.S. regions. B) Cars are increasingly made with plastic and aluminum materials, which changes the optimal location of assembly plants. C) The United States population center continues to migrate south and west thereby increasing the transportation costs of production in the north. D) Weak unions in the north and shortage of skilled labor. E) Increasing competition from international companies locating plants in the United

D) Weak unions in the north and shortage of skilled labor.

Which of the following factors does not explain why automobile manufacturing and assembly plants continue to close or relocate facilities in the northern United States? A) Lower labor costs in other U.S. regions. B) Cars are increasingly made with plastic and aluminum materials, which changes the optimal location of assembly plants. C) The United States population center continues to migrate south and west thereby increasing the transportation costs of production in the north. D) Weak unions in the north and shortage of skilled labor. E) Increasing competition from international companies locating plants in the United States.

D) Weak unions in the north and shortage of skilled labor.

Computer technical support jobs are increasingly being outsourced to India for all of the following reasons except A) large English speaking population in India. B) strong telecommunications infrastructure in parts of India. C) lower wages for workers than the United States. D) poor training of high-tech students in the United States. E) increasing population of high skilled labor in India.

D) poor training of high-tech students in the United States.

All of the following are true of fossil fuels except A) they are distributed unevenly around the globe. B) the supply of fossil fuels is finite. C) wealthy countries consume greater amounts of fossil fuels than poorer countries. D) the wealthiest countries have the greatest deposits of fossil fuels. E) the cost of fossil fuels will likely rise as global demand increases and reserves decline.

D) the wealthiest countries have the greatest deposits of fossil fuels.

Which of the following regions is not considered a major agglomeration of high technology development? A) Northern California. B) Bangalore, India. C) Dallas and Austin, Texas. D) Beijing, China. E) Athens, Greece.

E) Athens, Greece.

Which of the following American cities is not located in a major manufacturing region? A) New York. B) Chicago. C) Atlanta. D) Seattle. E) Miami.

E) Miami

Which of the following countries is not a major producer of steel? A) China. B) Japan. C) United States. D) South Korea. E) Nigeria.

E) Nigeria.

Which of the following descriptions is least accurate? A) Post-Fordist workers often work on equal terms and conditions with managers. B) Fordist production requires mainly low skill labor. C) Post-Fordist production plants often produce a greater variety of goods that meet the needs of niche markets. D) Fordist production workers often perform a specific specialized task over and over on the line. E) Post-Fordist production emphasizes the importance of classical economic theory as measured in distance cost as opposed to time cost.

E) Post-Fordist production emphasizes the importance of classical economic theory as measured in distance cost as opposed to time cost.

Based on a Harvard Institute study, which attempted to quantify differences in national economic development. Which of the following set of factors are common in highly developed countries of the world? A) Low latitude ecological zones and peripheral global locations. B) Low latitude ecological zones, peripheral global locations, and rules of law that prohibit corruption and breach of contract. C) Large and expanding population, rules of law that prohibit corruption and breach of contract, and market based economies. D) Low latitude ecological zones, rules of law that prohibit corruption and breach of contract, and market based economies. E) Rules of law that prohibit corruption and breach of contract, and market based economies.

E) Rules of law that prohibit corruption and breach of contract, and market based economies.

Applying the Core-Periphery model, which of the following best describes the classification of South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore? A) Core. B) Downward transition. C) Periphery. D) Resource frontier. E) Semi-periphery.

E) Semi-periphery.

Which of the following development schools of thought advocates the best strategies for development are the use of micro loans for women and the poor, small-scale community based projects, and resource conservation? A) Appropriation. B) Dependency. C) Modernization. D) Neoliberal Counterrevolution. E) Sustainable Development.

E) Sustainable Development.

Which of the following factors does not help explain why steel manufacturing facilities in the United States have increasingly been located in a coastal city location? A) The decreasing cost of transporting iron ore. B) Scrap metal is widely available in city locales. C) A large demand for steel exists in large coastal cities around the world. D) Cheap sources of iron ore from foreign countries. E) There is a shortage of iron ore in the interior United States.

E) There is a shortage of iron ore in the interior United States.

Weber's least cost location theory uses all of the following factors to determine optimum location of a manufacturing facility except A) labor cost. B) transportation cost. C) agglomeration effects. D) relative location of resources and markets. E) global division of labor.

E) global division of labor.

Which of the following statements best describes the informal sector of the economy? A) Economic activities that are not regulated or taxed by governments. B) Economic activity that is used to determine a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) C) Benefits of economic activities that are realized from producing large quantities of a good or service. D) Decline in industrial employment in core regions. E) Large farms that specialise in the production of one crop for market.

a) Economic activities that are not regulated or taxed by governments.

Acid rain most impacts which of the following regions? A) Europe B) Antarctica C) Australia D) South America E) Sub-Saharan Africa

a) Europe

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Fair Trade movement? A) Insure that a higher percentage of the profit in international trade goes to the producers in less developed countries B) Create international laws to ensure safe passage of cargo ships in the seas C) Increase tariffs and quotas on international trade D) Protect the interests of investors of multinational corporations E) Create a common market with few trade regulations in Europe

a) Insure that a higher percentage of the profit in international trade goes to the producers in less developed countries

According to the Human Developing Index (HDI) which of the following would be considered a social measurement of development? a) Literacy Rate b) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) c) Energy production per capita D) Birth rate E) Life expectancy

a) Literacy Rate

A peasant in rural China is most likely employed in which sector of the economy? a) Primary b) Quaternary c) Quinary d) Secondary e) Tertiary

a) Primary

As mandated by the United Nations (UN) international non-governmental organisations (NGOs) can serve all of the following criteria except A) be a for profit organisation B) have a clear mission statement consistent with the United Nations goals and objectives C) provide a variety of services and humanitarian aid to a country's people D) bring citizens' concerns to the government or UN E) provide funding and expertise to local development projects

a) be a for profit organisation

Which of following demographic characteristics of development would not be typical of a less developed country in 2008? a) Low crude birth rate (CBR) b) Life expectancy of only 60 years c) Natural increase of less than 2% d) twenty-five percent of the population below age 15 e) high infant morality rate of 57 deaths per 1000 births

a) low crude birth rate (CBR)

The overall purpose of micro loan development strategy is to A) provide small-scale loans to individuals to create sustainable start up industries in less developed regions B) provide large scale loans to less developed countries in order to build large infrastructure projects like dams and roads C) create an international bank for countries to borrow money in order to stabilise their currencies D) create an international organisation to invest in science research and development E) generate capital for multinational corporations to invest in factories in less developed countries

a) provide small-scale loans to individuals to create sustainable start up industries in less developed regions

Which of the following is the main purpose of alliances such as North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), European Union (EU) and Caribbean Community (CARICOM)? A) Develop common defense policies in case of invasion or attack of one its member states B) Create common policies for member states that lead to lowering the cost of trade within the alliance C) Member countries work together in order to increase the cost of resources such as oil to non-member countries D) Develop a common currency between all member states E) The three alliances work together in order to improve automobile manufacturing on a global scale

b) Create common policies for member states that lead to lowering the cost of trade within the alliance

To finance development, many countries have accumulated large foreign debts relative to their gross domestic product (GDP). As a result, large percentages of their national budgets must be used to repay loans. Which of the following regions in 2005 had the highest debt to GDP ratios? A) East Asia B) Sub-Saharan Africa C) South America D) Australia E) East Europe

b) Sub-Saharan Africa

All of the following are negative impacts of acid rain except A) loss of aquatic life B) destruction of the ozone layer C) damage soil microorganisms D) reduction of food crop yields E) damage to marble and limestone buildings

b) destruction of the ozone layer.

Which of the following statements is not an important element of the debt trap? A) Periphery countries borrow money from core countries in order to establish new industries B) Many periphery countries want to create a diversified economy using import substitution concepts C) Core countries usually do not benefit from the products of periphery countries D) If the invested money does not yield enough returns the country borrows more money to pay off the existing loan E) The value of currencies in periphery countries is often not as valuable as core countries currencies

c) Core countries usually do not benefit from the products of periphery countries.

Which of the following best describes Rostow's model of economic development? A) A country should invest equally across all sectors of the economy and protect new industries from international competition B) Governments should purchase and create companies within their border and slowly build the company C) Countries will proceed through a series of stages in which a country focuses on the development of industries in which it has a comparative advantage D) Focuses on developing economic and social institution that can be sustained without sacrificing or severely damaging the environment E) Countries should outsource industrial production to periphery countries in order to lower the cost of goods in the "Core"

c) Countries will proceed through a series of stages in which a country focuses on the development of industries in which it has a comparative advantage

Loss of local ownership of companies, loss of control of local affairs, and change in culture are all potential negative impacts of which of the following processes? A) Localisation B) Multiplier C) Globalisation D) Agglomeration E) Just-in-time production

c) Globalisation

The gender empowerment index (GEM) attempts to measure the influence of women in a society by indexing woman's income, participation in labor force, professional jobs and political influence. Which of the following regions scored the lowest on the GEM index in 2002? A) North America B) Eastern Europe C) Middle East D) East Asia E) South America

c) Middle East

Which set of data best describes the overall structure of a highly developed country's workforce in 2008 (% of workforce engaged in each sector)? a) Primary 75%, secondary 15%, tertiary 10% b) Primary 25%, secondary 50%, tertiary 25% c) Primary 10%, secondary 30%, tertiary 60% d) Primary 50%, secondary 25%, tertiary 25% e) Primary 33%, secondary 33%, tertiary 34%

c) Primary 10%, secondary 30%, tertiary 60%

Which of the following economic activities is least likely to be classified as part of the informal economy? A) Begging B) Organised crime C) Child labor D) Government employee E) Home dressmaker

d) Government employee

All of the following are drawbacks to the self-sufficiency model of development except A) it creates a large government bureaucracy B) it stifles competition C) it protects inefficient industries D) it encourages internal innovation E) it increases the price of goods for consumers

d) it encourages internal innovation

Which of the following countries in 2008 had the largest percent of its workforce engaged in the tertiary or service sector? a) Peru b) Nigeria c) China d) Egypt e) Germany

e) Germany

Advocates of globalisation processes would disagree with which of the following statements? A) The new international division of labor has lowered production costs thereby reducing the cost of goods to consumers B) The globalisation of finance has increased the amount of capital available for projects around the world C) Globalisation has induced a new technology system of robotics, biotechnology and information systems D) Not all people in a country benefit equally from globalisation, but countries that engage in the global economy are better off than those that don't E) Globalisation does not change people's culture or the type of jobs available in a country

e) Globalisation does not change people's culture or the type of jobs available in a country

Critiques of globalisation processes would disagree with which of the following statements? A) Globalisation has intensified the difference in income between the core and periphery countries B) Globalisation has lead to a homogenised consumer market for many parts of the world C) The effects of globalisation could have a destabilising effect upon the governments of many countries D) Globalisation often creates tension between the interests of transnational corporations and local communities E) While both the core and periphery world benefit from globalisation, the periphery benefits the most

e) While both the core and periphery world benefit from globalisation, the periphery benefits the most