Urinary System
Which of the following is dependent on tubular secretion?
All below: *Clearing penicillin from the blood *Removal of nitrogenous wastes that have been reabsorbed *Removal of excess potassium ions from the blood *Control of blood pH
Segmenal Veins
Cannot be found in the urinary system
Glomerulus
Capillaries
What is the glomerulus?
Capillaries
Order of Urine Draining into Kidney
Minor Calyx Major Calyx Renal Pelvis Ureter
Urine passes through the ureters by which mechanism?
Peristalsis
Tubular Secretion is :
Reabsorption in reverse
The cells of the JG produce what?
Renin
Most reabsorption is an ____________ ________.
active process
Angiotensin II:
acts directly on the blood vessels to cause vasoconstriction (and an increase in peripheral resistance)
Caticolamines come from the
adrenal medulla
The glomerulus is where:
all filtration takes place
Blood Buffers are:
anything that resists change in pH
Small cortical arteries branch off the ________ _______ and run outward to supply the cortical tissue.
arcuate arteries
The medulla and the cortex are separated by the
arcuates
Ureters
are continuous with renal pelvis and the peristalsis aids gravity in urine transport
Blood plamsa is
extracellular fluid
Filtration takes place in the __________ _________.
glomerular (Bowman's) capsule
Alkalosis
pH above 7.45
Acidosis
pH below 7.35
Efferent arterioles go into the
peritubular capillaries
The smallest fluid compartment is the:
plasma
Anti-Diruetic Hormone causes ____________ of water in the _______________ ______.
reabsorption, collecting duct
JG cells produce ________ & are found where ____________ & _______________ meet.
renin, afferent arteriole, distal convoluted tubules
Ureters are:
slender tubules attaching the kidney to the bladder, they are continuous with the renal pelvis
Bicarbonate Buffer System is used to balance a ________ ____ with a _____ ______.
strong acid, weak base
What does the ureter drain?
the renal pelvis
What drains the ureter?
the renal pelvis
What does the renal pelvis drain into?
the ureter
What system secretes water?
the urinary system
Effects of aldosterone include:
* Increase in water retention * Increase in potassium ion concentration * Higher blood pressure
Aldosterone
*regulates sodium *promotes reabsorption of sodium & water *Leads to high blood pressure and blood volume
An example of filtrates are:
1) H20 2) Salts (NaCL) 3) HCO3 4)Urea 5) Glucose, Amino Acids 6) some drugs
3 Layers of Adrenal Cortex
1) Mineralocortocoids 2) Gluccocortocoids 3) Sex Hormone Secreting Area
Parts of the medulla
1) collecting duct 2) Loop of Henle (nephron loop) 3) Peritubular Capillaries
Nephrons are associated with two capillary beds-
1) the glomerulus 2) the peritubular bed
Three Materials that never Reabsorb
1) urea 2) uric acid 3) creatinine
Functions of the Urinray System
1) waste products 2) nitrogenous wastes 3) toxins 4) drugs
What are the funtions of the urinary system?
1) water balance 2) electrolyte balance 3) blood volume/pressure homeostasis 4) balance pH
3 Blood Buffer Systems are:
1)Bicarbonate 2)Phosphorus 3)Protein
Normal pH of urine
3-8
Normal Blood/water in elderly
45%
Normal Amounts of water in Blood in a Young Adult Woman
50%
Which is the normal percentage of body weight that is water for a young to middle-aged man?
60%
Normal water in Blood Amount in Babies
75%
How does the body keep the pH levels neutralized?
Any of the following: weak base, bicarbonate ion, sodium bicarbonate, NaHCO3, bicarbonate buffer system
Microscopic examination of a section of the kidney shows a thick-walled vessel with glomeruli scattered in the tissue on one side of the vessel but not on the other side. What vessel is this?
Arcuate Artery
The medulla and the cortex are separated by the ______ ____ and the __________ __________.
Arcuate vein and arcuate artery
In the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system, strong acids are buffered by:
Bicarbonate Ion
An example of pH is:
H+
Renal hilum is an _____________.
Indentation
There is no such body part called a
lomerulus
