Urinary System Pre-Test
A healthy adult typically produces ________ of urine per day.
1200mL
Where does most nutrient absorption occur
4
What structure is the collecting duct
6
As the filtrate passes through the renal tubules, approximately what percentage is reabsorbed and returned to the circulation?
99
What percentage of nutrients(glucose, amino acids, etc.) is reabsorbed in the PCT
99
The condition called _______is characterized by painful or difficult urination. This condition can be due to pathologic or benign causes.
dysuria
What physiological process occurs at the structure labeled "2"
filtration
Identify the structure labeled "6"
renal column
The glomerular capsule and the glomerulus make up the
renal corpuscle
The inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is
renal failure
Identify the structure labeled "8"
renal papilla
Identify the structure labeled "9"
renal pelvis
The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the
renal pelvis
The expanded beginning of the ureter connects to the
renal pelvis
Identify the structure labeled "5"
renal pyramid
Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called
renal pyramids
An X-ray image of the urinary system is called
renogram
The left kidney lies ____ to the right kidney
slightly superior
If you have to urinate, but have to "hold it" until you can find a bathroom, what structure are you "holding it" with?
the external urethral sphincter
Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by
the ureters
The most abundant waste solute in urine is
urea
Identify the structure labeled "10"
ureter
Urine is eliminated from the body through the
urethra
Urine is temporarily stored in the
urinary bladder
The inability to urinate is termed
urinary retention
The position of the kidneys in the abdominal cavity is stabilized by
All of the answers are correct
A glomerulus is
a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle
______is/are an immediately life- threatening condition. However, if an individual survives the incident, full recovery is possible
acute renal failure
The afferent arteriole in the kidney
carries blood to the glomerulus
Which of the following is characterized as a slowly progressing disease that is irreversible
chronic renal failure
Urine passes, in the order given, through which of the following structures
collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra
Eighty-five percent of nephrons in the human kidney are located in the ________ and have short nephron loops.
cortex
The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the
distal convoluted tubule
Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the
efferent arteriole
Peristaltic contractions, beginning at the renal pelvis, sweep along the ureter, forcing urine toward the urinary bladder. In a normal healthy person, how often do these contractions occur
every 30 seconds or so
Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system
excretes excess albumin molecules
The outermost layer of the kidney is the
fibrous capsule
Which of the following descriptions best matches the term calyx
final urine enters here
The process of filtration occurs at the
glomerulus
The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the
hilum
All of the following are true of the kidneys except that they are
located partly within the pelvic cavity
Whats the medical term for the universal urge to pass urine
micturition
The functional unit of the kidney is the
nephron
The U-shaped segment of the nephron
nephron loop
Tubular reabsorption involves all of the following, except
phagocytosis
Each of the following is a normal constituent of urine except
proteins
Filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the
proximal convoluted tubule
The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is
reabsorbing nutrients
Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system except the
rectum
