Urinary System Pre-Test

A healthy adult typically produces ________ of urine per day.

1200mL

Where does most nutrient absorption occur

4

What structure is the collecting duct

6

As the filtrate passes through the renal tubules, approximately what percentage is reabsorbed and returned to the circulation?

99

What percentage of nutrients(glucose, amino acids, etc.) is reabsorbed in the PCT

99

The condition called _______is characterized by painful or difficult urination. This condition can be due to pathologic or benign causes.

dysuria

What physiological process occurs at the structure labeled "2"

filtration

Identify the structure labeled "6"

renal column

The glomerular capsule and the glomerulus make up the

renal corpuscle

The inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is

renal failure

Identify the structure labeled "8"

renal papilla

Identify the structure labeled "9"

renal pelvis

The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the

renal pelvis

The expanded beginning of the ureter connects to the

renal pelvis

Identify the structure labeled "5"

renal pyramid

Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called

renal pyramids

An X-ray image of the urinary system is called

renogram

The left kidney lies ____ to the right kidney

slightly superior

If you have to urinate, but have to "hold it" until you can find a bathroom, what structure are you "holding it" with?

the external urethral sphincter

Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by

the ureters

The most abundant waste solute in urine is

urea

Identify the structure labeled "10"

ureter

Urine is eliminated from the body through the

urethra

Urine is temporarily stored in the

urinary bladder

The inability to urinate is termed

urinary retention

The position of the kidneys in the abdominal cavity is stabilized by

All of the answers are correct

A glomerulus is

a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle

______is/are an immediately life- threatening condition. However, if an individual survives the incident, full recovery is possible

acute renal failure

The afferent arteriole in the kidney

carries blood to the glomerulus

Which of the following is characterized as a slowly progressing disease that is irreversible

chronic renal failure

Urine passes, in the order given, through which of the following structures

collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra

Eighty-five percent of nephrons in the human kidney are located in the ________ and have short nephron loops.

cortex

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

distal convoluted tubule

Blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the

efferent arteriole

Peristaltic contractions, beginning at the renal pelvis, sweep along the ureter, forcing urine toward the urinary bladder. In a normal healthy person, how often do these contractions occur

every 30 seconds or so

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system

excretes excess albumin molecules

The outermost layer of the kidney is the

fibrous capsule

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term calyx

final urine enters here

The process of filtration occurs at the

glomerulus

The prominent indentation on the medial surface of the kidney is the

hilum

All of the following are true of the kidneys except that they are

located partly within the pelvic cavity

Whats the medical term for the universal urge to pass urine

micturition

The functional unit of the kidney is the

nephron

The U-shaped segment of the nephron

nephron loop

Tubular reabsorption involves all of the following, except

phagocytosis

Each of the following is a normal constituent of urine except

proteins

Filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the

proximal convoluted tubule

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

reabsorbing nutrients

Each of the following organs is part of the urinary system except the

rectum