Urinary Tract Infection

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For which client should the nurse question the healthcare​ provider's order for a​ 7- to​ 10-day course of​ antibiotics? A. A female client with uncomplicated cystitis B. A male client with a history of​ antibiotic-resistant infections C. A male client with pyelonephritis D. A female client with urinary tract abnormalities

A female client with uncomplicated cystitis ​Rationale: Most uncomplicated infections of the lower urinary tract can be treated with a short course of antibiotic​ therapy, either a single antibiotic dose or a​ 3-day course of treatment.​ Single-dose therapy is associated with a higher rate of recurrent infection and continued vaginal colonization with Escherichia coli​, making a​ 3-day course of treatment the preferred option for uncomplicated cystitis. Men and women with​ pyelonephritis, urinary tract abnormalities or​ stones, or a history of​ antibiotic-resistant infections require a​ 7- to​ 10-day course of​ trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin,​ ofloxacin, or an alternative antibiotic.

The nurse has admitted a client to the unit for treatment of acute pyelonephritis. Which collaborative intervention does the nurse anticipate initiating as a priority​? A. Order for a complete blood count​ (CBC) with a differential B. Administration of intravenous​ (IV) antibiotics C. Administration of an analgesic D. Order for a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity

Order for a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity ​Rationale: The nurse can anticipate an order for a urine specimen for a culture and sensitivity to identify the infecting organism before antibiotics are started. An analgesic can be given if​ needed, but treatment of the infection is a priority. A CBC with a differential can be obtained to examine the WBC count for changes typically associated with infection. IV antibiotics can be administered after the urine sample for a culture and sensitivity has been obtained.

The nurse is caring for a client with a urinary tract infection​ (UTI). Which condition should the nurse determine as a possible​ cause? (Select all that​ apply.) A. Structural deviations B. Excessive oral fluid intake C. Use of antibiotics D. Vesicoureteral reflux E. Renal scarring

Structural deviations Vesicoureteral reflux Renal scarring ​Rationale: The causes of UTIs include structural​ deviations, renal​ scarring, and vesicoureteral reflux. Excessive oral fluid intake or use of antibiotics does not cause UTIs.

The nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client with a urinary tract infection​ (UTI). Which instruction should the nurse​ include? A. ​"We recommend that you use aseptic technique when cleansing the​ perineum." B. ​"It is important to follow this schedule for your​ antibiotics." C. ​"Be sure to complete the full course of urinary​ analgesics." D. ​"You do not need to make a​ follow-up appointment.

​"It is important to follow this schedule for your​ antibiotics." ​Rationale: Help the client to develop a plan to take their antibiotic medications so they do not miss doses. Missed doses of antibiotics may cause a subtherapeutic medication blood​ level, which can reduce effectiveness. The client should follow up with the healthcare provider 7dash14 days after completion of the antibiotic therapy to ensure there is complete eradication of the bacteria. Aseptic technique is not used for perineal​ care; it is used for clients who have an intermittent catheter or an indwelling catheter. Urinary analgesics are only taken if​ needed; it is not necessary to complete the course of analgesics.

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with a urinary tract infection​ (UTI). Which assessment finding supports this​ diagnosis? (Select all that​ apply.) A. Burning sensation on urination B. Flank pain C. Clear urine D. Abdominal pain E. Hypothermia

​Burning sensation on urination Flank pain Abdominal pain Rationale: Assessment findings that support the diagnosis of a UTI include abdominal​ pain, flank​ pain, and a burning sensation when urinating.​ Cloudy, dark,​ foul-smelling urine is also expected with a UTI. Hyperthermia​ (fever), not​ hypothermia, supports the diagnosis of a UTI.

The nurse is teaching the parents of an​ 18-month-old female toddler with a urinary tract infection​ (UTI). Which should be included in the teaching to prevent the future risk of a​ UTI? A. Increase the​ child's fluid intake. B. Provide the child with a daily cup of​ low-sugar cranberry juice. C. Increase the​ child's intake of vitamin C. D. Cleanse the perineal area front to back

​Cleanse the perineal area front to back Rationale: The incidence of UTIs in toddlers and children is higher among girls than boys because the shorter female urethra has a closer proximity to the anus and​ vagina, increasing the risk of contamination by fecal bacteria. When cleansing the perineal​ area, it is important to wipe from front to back to prevent the transfer of gastrointestinal bacteria to the urethra. Adequate fluids should be provided to prevent dehydration. Two daily cups of​ low-sugar cranberry juice and increased vitamin C is recommended to prevent UTIs in adults.

The nurse is caring for a client experiencing urinary retention. Which preventive​ catheter-associated urinary tract infection​ (CAUTI) measure should the nurse take to protect the client from a urinary tract infection​ (UTI)? A. Review the criteria for catheter insertion. B. Obtain a urine sample for a urinalysis. C. Consider an alternative to an indwelling catheter. D. Initiate an antibiotic before inserting a catheter

​Consider an alternative to an indwelling catheter. Rationale: The alternative to an indwelling catheter is to use intermittent straight catheterization to relieve urinary retention. Using intermittent straight catheterization allows the bladder to fill and completely empty more​ normally, maintaining physiologic function. Obtaining a urine sample for a urinalysis will not address the problem of urinary retention. Reviewing the criteria for catheter insertion is a preventive CAUTI​ measure, but urinary retention is one of the criteria for urinary catheterization. Initiating an antibiotic before inserting a catheter is unnecessary and contributes to the development of​ antibiotic-resistant organisms.

The nurse is caring for a postpartum client. Which intervention is the most important for the nurse to integrate into the plan of care to prevent a urinary tract infection​ (UTI)? A. ​"Change peri pads every 4​ hours." B. ​"Empty the bladder​ completely." C. ​"Use an antiseptic preparation after​ voiding." D. ​"Increase fluid​ intake.

​Empty the bladder​ completely. Rationale: The postpartum woman is at an increased risk of developing urinary tract problems caused by normal postpartum​ diuresis, increased bladder​ capacity, and decreased bladder sensitivity from stretching or trauma. These factors make it essential for the mother to empty her bladder completely with each voiding. Fluid intake is​ important, but it is not related to the main cause of UTIs in the postpartum period. Peri pads should be changed every time the client​ voids, followed by perineal cleansing before placement of a new pad. Antiseptic solutions are not used on the perineum of a postpartum client.

The nurse is teaching parents of​ school-age children practices that should decrease the risk of urinary tract infections​ (UTIs). Which information should the nurse​ include? A. ​"Provide drinks with sugar substitutes when​ possible." B. ​"Encourage the child to void five to six times a​ day." C. ​"Avoid large amounts of dairy in the​ child's diet." D. ​"Encourage juices to increase the acidity of the​ child's urine."

​Encourage the child to void five to six times a​ day." Rationale: The information the nurse can include in the teaching to prevent UTIs in children is to encourage them to void five to six times a day. Infrequent​ voiding, which is common in​ school-age children, results in incomplete emptying of the bladder and urinary​ stasis, both of which are factors in the development of UTIs. Dairy is associated with an increased risk of​ UTIs, but it is not the major contributing factor for UTIs in children. Juices and sugar substitutes in drinks are associated with UTIs

The nurse is caring for a client with pyelonephritis. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse assess in the​ client? (Select all that​ apply.) A. Flank pain B. Fever C. Enuresis D. Dysuria E. Vomiting

​Flank pain fever vomiting Rationale: Clinical manifestations that occur with pyelonephritis include​ fever, vomiting, and flank pain. Enuresis and dysuria occur with cystitis.

Which topic is important to include in the home care teaching for a client with a urinary tract infection​ (UTI)? (Select all that​ apply.) A. Good hygiene methods B. Adequate fluid consumption C. Proper nutrition D. Voiding every 5 to 6 hours E. Wearing polyester underwear

​Good hygiene methods Adequate fluid consumption Proper nutrition Rationale: Home care teaching for a client with a UTI includes information about good hygiene​ methods, proper​ nutrition, and adequate fluid consumption. Increased fluids dilute the​ urine, reducing irritation of the inflamed bladder and urethral mucosa. Instruct women to cleanse the perineal area from front to back after voiding and​ defecating, to prevent the transfer of gastrointestinal bacteria to the urethra. Teach clients to void and wash the perineal area before and after sexual intercourse to flush out bacteria introduced into the urethra and bladder. Teach measures to maintain the integrity of perineal​ tissues, such as avoiding bubble​ baths, feminine hygiene​ sprays, and vaginal​ douches, and wearing cotton briefs rather than underwear made from synthetic materials. Frequent voiding​ (every 3dash 4​ hours) is encouraged.

The nurse is caring for a client experiencing pain related to a urinary tract infection​ (UTI). Which intervention should the nurse initiate to address the​ client's discomfort? A. Increase in fluid intake B. Application of cold compresses C. Cleansing of the urinary meatus with antiseptic wipes D. Avoidance of contact with undergarments made of cotton

​Increase in fluid intake Rationale: Increasing fluid intake will dilute the​ urine, reducing irritation of the inflamed bladder and urethral mucosa. Sitz​ baths, warm​ packs, and heating​ pads, not cold compresses are used to relax the​ muscles, relieve​ spasms, and increase the local blood supply. The perineum should be kept clean and​ dry, but cleaning it with antiseptic wipes can cause perianal irritation. Undergarments should contain cotton. Synthetic fibers irritate perineal tissues and promote bacterial growth.

The nurse is caring for a client with chronic urinary tract infections​ (UTIs) suspected of having a vesicoureteral reflux. Which collaborative intervention should the nurse​ anticipate? A. Intravenous pyelography B. Voiding cystourethrography C. Cystoscopy D. Renal ultrasound

​Intravenous pyelography Rationale: Intravenous pyelography is used to detect structural and functional abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux. Cystoscopy provides direct visualization of the urethra and bladder. Renal ultrasound is used to detect pyelonephritis. Voiding cystourethrography is utilized to assess structural and functional abnormalities of the bladder and urethra.

The nurse is caring for a client with a urinary catheter who is diagnosed with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Which collaborative treatment should the nurse anticipate as the first​ action? A. Removal of the catheter B. A​ 10- to​ 14-day course of antibiotic therapy C. Replacement of the catheter D. A short course of antibiotic therapy

​Removal of the catheter Rationale: The nurse can anticipate the healthcare provider to prescribe a​ 10- to​ 14-day course of antibiotic therapy after removal of the catheter. Replacement of the catheter is not a priority treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria. A short course of antibiotic therapy is not used for the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria.

The nurse is creating a plan of care for a client with pyelonephritis. Which outcome reflects the​ client's ability to decrease the severity of the bacteria in the urinary​ tract? A. The client will use antiseptic spray regularly on the perineal area. B. The client will drink at least 1500 mL of fluid per day and void every 2dash3 hours while awake. C. The client will wipe from back to front after voiding and defecating. D. The client will complete the course of antibiotics.

​The client will drink at least 1500 mL of fluid per day and void every 2-3 hours while awake. Rationale: Increasing fluid intake and the frequency of voiding each day flushes the bacteria from the urinary tract. The goal for completing the course of antibiotics is to eradicate the infectious organism. Although antiseptic solutions may be ordered for catheter​ care, they can dry perineal tissues and reduce normal​ flora, increasing the risk of colonization by pathogens. These solutions should not be used routinely. Women should cleanse the perineal area from front to back after voiding and defecating to prevent the transfer of gastrointestinal bacteria to the urethra.

The nurse manager is planning a presentation for the staff nurses regarding urinary health after several members of the staff have recently been diagnosed with urinary tract infections​ (UTIs). Which topic is appropriate for the nurse manager to include in the​ presentation? A. The importance of decreasing fluid consumption during the nursing shift to decrease the need to void B. The importance of avoiding cranberry juice because it is a cause of UTI C. The importance of increasing the number of caffeinated beverages while working D. The importance of not ignoring the urge to eliminate

​The importance of not ignoring the urge to eliminate Rationale: It is important to remind the nursing staff that they should not ignore the urge to void because doing so increases the risk of UTI. The staff would be reminded to decrease caffeinated​ beverages, increase fluid​ consumption, and add cranberry juice to their fluid regimen as ways of decreasing UTIs.

A client is admitted to the emergency department for possible acute pyelonephritis. Which manifestation should the nurse consider to be consistent with this​ disorder? (Select all that​ apply.) A. Urinary frequency B. Nocturia C. Flank tenderness D. Diarrhea E. Vomiting

​Urinary frequency Flank tenderness Diarrhea Vomiting Rationale: The nurse should monitor a client with suspected acute pyelonephritis for flank​ tenderness, vomiting,​ diarrhea, and urinary frequency. Other manifestations the client may present with are high​ fever, chills, costovertebral angle​ tenderness, and moderate to severe dehydration. Nocturia is a manifestation of​ cystitis, not acute pyelonephritis.

The nurse is caring for a client who requires intermittent straight catheterization for impaired urinary elimination. Which nursing intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care to help prevent a urinary tract infection​ (UTI)? A. Inflating the balloon when it is in the bladder B. Maintaining a closed drainage system C. Using aseptic technique when inserting the straight catheter D. Maintaining gravity flow to prevent urine reflux

​Using aseptic technique when inserting the straight catheter Rationale: Using aseptic technique when inserting the catheter minimizes the risk of a bacterial infection. Maintaining a closed drainage​ system, inflating the​ balloon, and maintaining gravity flow are principles for preventing infection when using an indwelling catheter.

A client asks which fluids to avoid in light of repeated urinary tract infections​ (UTIs). Which food should the nurse teach the client to​ avoid? (Select all that​ apply.) A. Milk B. Alcoholic beverages C. Cranberry juice D. Coffee E. Citrus juices

​alcoholic beverages coffee citrus juices Rationale: Avoiding citrus​ juices, alcoholic​ beverages, and coffee can help prevent UTIs.​ Caffeine, citrus​ juices, alcohol, and artificial sweeteners irritate bladder mucosa and the detrusor muscle and can increase urgency and bladder spasms. Increasing the intake of cranberry​ juice, not avoiding​ it, can help prevent UTIs because it acidifies the urine. Milk intake has no known effect in preventing UTIs.

The nurse is teaching a female client about the prevention of urinary tract infections​ (UTIs). Which information should the nurse​ include? A. ​"Wash the perineum after​ intercourse." B. ​"Avoid bubble​ baths." C. ​"Void after​ intercourse." D. ​"Empty the bladder every 2​ hours."

​​"Avoid bubble​ baths." Rationale: The information the nurse should include in the teaching about preventing UTIs is to avoid bubble baths. Avoiding bubble baths helps to maintain the integrity of the perineum. Clients should void and wash the perineum before and after intercourse. The bladder should be emptied every 3dash4 hours


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