US Great Depression and New Deal
What effect did the Great Depression in the United States have on the rest of the world's economy?
decrease in international trading??
What was the effect of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act?
international trade decreased
"unemployment" graph The rapid change in the percentage of unemployed people in the United States from 1927 to 1932 reflects changes caused by
the Great Depression.
Overproduction in industry and agriculture, war debts, and the stock market crash were all causes of
the Great Depression.
Federal Spending What is the most likely explanation for the increase in federal government spending indicated by this graph?
New Deal Programs
The FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation), NRA (National Recovery Administration) , and CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) were created in the early 1930s and are MOST associated with the
New Deal.
During the Great Depression drought and soil erosion contributed to an environmental catastrophe referred to the Dust Bowl. Of the states listed, which was MOST affected by this regional disaster?
Oklahoma
This folk singer chronicled the plight of the poor during the Great Depression with songs such as Pastures of Plenty and This Land is Your Land.
Woody Guthrie
List some economic indicators of an unhealthy economy that led to the Great Depression.
???
What was the long term effect of these practices?
???
Which is a direct result of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930?
Canada, which was America's largest trading partner, drastically decreased the importation of American products.
Prior to the Great Depression, basic industries, such as the railroad industry, barely made a profit. Why was the railroad industry not as profitable as it had been?
New forms of transportation were in competition with railroads.
1927 Last year of production for the Ford Model T. Sales dropped to 1/3 the 1926 level. Even at prices around $200 Ford couldn't maintain sales, and by this point consumers were buying 3- and 4-year old used cars rather than a T because they perceived the used cars as better value--with more features. By the time Ford shut down production of the Model T, the company had sold well over 15 million T's. In fact, the actual number produced was 15,458,781. Closing down production of the Model T meant 100,000 workers lost their jobs. Ford closed when sales flagged, then began the design and tooling changover that produced the new Model A. - Excerpt from "The Automobile Technology 1920-1929" by Bryant University Based on the information provided, which statement BEST describes one cause of the Great Depression?
People were not buying new cars at the same rate they had in the early 1920's which led to increased unemployment.
Designed to protect American jobs and farmers from foreign competition. · Raised U.S. tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods to record levels. · Resulted in retaliatory tariffs from foreign nations that dropped U.S. exports by as much as 50%. · Is considered one of the major factors that worsened the effects of the Great Depression in the United States. These statements are referring to
The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act.
A major cause of the economic depression of 1929 was
decline in consumer purchasing power.
Four years after the stock market crash, FDR became the thirty-second president. This portion of his speech MOST LIKELY illustrates his belief that
governments should get actively involved in addressing unemployment.
Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. This is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously. It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the Government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our natural resources. -Franklin D. Roosevelt, First Inaugural Address, 1933 Four years after the stock market crash, FDR became the thirty-second president. This portion of his speech MOST LIKELY illustrates his belief that
governments should get actively involved in addressing unemployment.
"question marks" This political cartoon from 1933 is suggesting that President Roosevelt
has many problems facing him as the new President.
"Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. This is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously. It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the Government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our natural resources... I am prepared under my constitutional duty to recommend the measures that a stricken nation in the midst of a stricken world may require. These measures, or such other measures as the Congress may build out of its experience and wisdom, I shall seek, within my constitutional authority, to bring to speedy adoption." — Franklin Delano Roosevelt, First Inaugural Address, 1933 The excerpt is most directly related to
the "First Hundred Days" and the introduction of the New Deal.
"Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. This is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously. It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the Government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our natural resources... I am prepared under my constitutional duty to recommend the measures that a stricken nation in the midst of a stricken world may require. These measures, or such other measures as the Congress may build out of its experience and wisdom, I shall seek, within my constitutional authority, to bring to speedy adoption." — Franklin Delano Roosevelt, First Inaugural Address, 1933 Which of these is the BEST example of Roosevelt's efforts to "put people to work" and "accomplish greatly needed projects"?
the Public Works Administration
Stock prices had been going up and more people began buying stocks. "Buying on the margin" became a common practice in the 1920's. A buyer would put 10% down on the stock he/she purchased and then would borrow the other 90% from the stockbroker. When the stock sold then the stockbroker would be paid back, unless the stockbroker issued a "margin call" and wanted immediate payment. Based on the information in this paragraph and on your knowledge of the time period, which statement BEST explains why the Stock Market crashed in 1929?
As stock prices began to drop, more brokers made "margin calls" which led to more devaluing of stock as panic set in as shares flooded the market.
Which New Deal agency hired thousands of young men to work in the outdoors in conservation projects throughout the country?
CCC?
"Federal Spending" Which can be inferred from the graph?
"New Deal" dramatic increases in gov't spending
Many of Dorothea Lange's Great Depression photographs depicted scenes of what region of the U.S. during the depression?
Dust Bowl
What were the results of the War of 1812?
Nothing..
List the reasons why the U.S. economy collapsed and led to the Great Depression.
Overproduction in industry and agriculture, war debts, and the stock market crash
FDR is credited with increasing federal government in an attempt to relieve the Great Depression by
creating many new agencies and implementing new legislation such as the Social Security Act.
What is stock market speculation and buying on the margin?
"Buying on the margin" - The purchasing of stocks by paying only a small percentage of the price and borrowing the rest (Small down payment on stocks with a loan the rest) Speculation - An involvement in risky business transactions in an effort to make quick or large profits.
"Okies" are MOST associated with what era of United States History?
Great Depression
One of the contributing factors in the _____ was an unequal distribution of wealth. Which term or phrase BEST completes this sentence?
Great Depression
Unstable economy Overproduction of agriculture products Instability of the Stock Market Tight monetary policy of the Federal Reserve All of these items led directly to what event?
Great Depression
How did many Americans try to escape the 'Dust Bowl' in the 1930s?
Great Plains
"It is to be hoped that the normal balance of executive and legislative authority may be wholly adequate to meet the unprecedented task before us. But it may be that an unprecedented demand and need for undelayed action may call for temporary departure from that normal balance of public procedure. I am prepared under my constitutional duty to recommend the measures that a stricken nation in the midst of a stricken world may require. These measures, or such other measures as the Congress may build out of its experience and wisdom, I shall seek, within my constitutional authority, to bring to speedy adoption." --Franklin D. Roosevelt, First Inaugural Address, 1933. In order to solve the issues he talked about in his First Inaugural Address, Roosevelt
created the New Deal programs.
During the Great Depression, the unemployment rate in the U.S. reached approximately
25%
During the Great Depression, the national unemployment rate across the United States peaked at 25%, although the rate in __________ communities was much worse at close to 50%.
African-American
Which of these was NOT a cause of the worldwide depression of 1920s and 1930s?
An increase in international trade.
Which New Deal agency built more than half a million miles of roads?
Civil Works Administration (CWA)
Which New Deal agency instituted a reforestation program intended to prevent another Dust Bowl?
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
One of the contributing factors in the _____ was an unequal distribution of wealth. Which term or phrase BEST completes this sentence?
Great Depression
"I pledge you, pledge myself, to a New Deal for the American people." (1932) This promise of a "new deal for the American people" was made by which U.S. president?
Franklin Roosevelt
What evidence would support the claim that the majority of the American people blamed Hoover for the Great Depression?
Franklin Roosevelt carried forty-two states in the Election of 1932, compared to six states carried by Hoover.
Which fact would you select to support the statement that "the majority of Americans blamed President Hoover for the Great Depression"?
Franklin Roosevelt carried forty-two states in the Election of 1932, compared to six states carried by Hoover.
Which event would have FIRST caused the United States to begin reversing its Neutrality Acts in the early stages of World War II?
Germany's invasion of Poland
"Every Man a King" Speech by Huey Long "It is not the difficulty of the problem which we have; it is the fact that the rich people of this country -- and by rich people I mean the super-rich -- will not allow us to solve the problems, or rather the one little problem that is afflicting this country, because in order to cure all of our woes it is necessary to scale down the big fortunes, that we may scatter the wealth to be shared by all of the people." Huey Long's concerns are describing the problems faced by the country during which of these eras?
Great Depression
Who was Huey "Kingfish" Long and what was he concerned with?
He was a Louisiana Democrat who served as both Governor and Senator. He proposed more radical methods than Roosevelt's New Deal, entitled Share Our Wealth. He had Presidential ambitions, but was assassinated in 1935.
Which statement accurately describes President Hoover's initial response to the Great Depression?
He was cautious and encouraged cooperation.
"Our greatest primary task is to put people to work. This is no unsolvable problem if we face it wisely and courageously. It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the Government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war, but at the same time, through this employment, accomplishing greatly needed projects to stimulate and reorganize the use of our natural resources... I am prepared under my constitutional duty to recommend the measures that a stricken nation in the midst of a stricken world may require. These measures, or such other measures as the Congress may build out of its experience and wisdom, I shall seek, within my constitutional authority, to bring to speedy adoption." — Franklin Delano Roosevelt, First Inaugural Address, 1933 Which is the BEST description of how Roosevelt's response to the crisis of the Great Depression differed from that of his predecessor, Herbert Hoover?
Hoover believed that America's economic recovery depended primarily on reforming the business community, while Roosevelt favored the provision of direct federal relief to individuals.
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act and what part of the country did it affect most?
It was one of the most significant restrictions on free immigration in US history, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers.....???
What part of the country did the US purchase from France in 1803?
Louisiana Territory, middle of U.S.
What was an important result of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936?
Most of the rural areas of the southeast received electricity.
What was the Monroe Doctrine opposed to?
colonization
The Wagner Act- also known as the National Labor Relations Act (1935)- created this agency who had the responsibility and power to investigate and decide on charges of unfair labor practices.
National Labor Relations Board
What was the Second New Deal?
President's plans to enact programs that would offer long-range governmental reform.
During what movement did the founding of the NAACP happen?
Progressive Era
"Th New Chauffeur" pic Which statement BEST describes the message of this political cartoon?
Roosevelt must fix the country's problems.
What were the three "Rs" of the New Deal?
Reform, Recovery, and Relief
Signed into law by President Franklin Roosevelt in 1935 · Created to support retirees over the age of sixty-five · Also created unemployment insurance and welfare programs · Workers and employers fund it by paying payroll taxes All of these are describing which New Deal program?
Social Security Act
Which segment of the U.S. population actually saw increased employment in the fields of education, nursing, domestic service, and the textile industry during the 1930s?
White females
What New Deal programs were specifically designed to bring electrification to rural areas of the country?
Tennessee Valley Authority or REA?
From the mid-1930s to 1940 over 2.5 million people had moved out of the Great Plains states in the center of the United States. What BEST accounts for this movement?
The Dust Bowl
What accounted for the mass migration of 2.5 million people from the Great Plains states from the mid-1930s to 1940?
The Dust Bowl
(kids around FDR photo) What is the point of this cartoon from 1934?
The New Deal programs are purely the creation of FDR.
Which of these New Deal programs would have had the largest impact on rural electrification during the 1930s?
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Which of these was a reason for the collapse of the American economy which led to the Great Depression?
The boom of the 1920's rested on a weak foundation since the prosperity was not enjoyed by all economic groups.
How did many Americans try to escape the 'Dust Bowl' in the 1930s?
They moved from the Great Plains.
Explain the Wagner Act and how this affected labor relations?
To protect workers rights... The Wagner Act- also known as the National Labor Relations Act (1935)- created this agency who had the responsibility and power to investigate and decide on charges of unfair labor practices.
How did overproduction and under consumption contribute to the Great Depression?
causing falling prices on goods.
Overproduction and underconsumption factored into causing the Great Depression by
causing falling prices on goods.
What factors contributed to the large number of bank failures during the Great Depression?
bank runs...
Along with the American Neutrality Acts, the appeasement policies in the mid-to-late 1930's of Britain and France caused totalitarian nations to
believe they had nothing to fear from democracies.
"bring him in" pic This cartoon from 1933 represents FDR's promise to
end the era of Prohibition.
In the early 1930s, drought hit the Great Plains and the top soil literally blew away, creating what was termed the American "Dust Bowl". Federal conservation programs were created to rehabilitate the Dust Bowl so that farmers could start over rather than abandon their land and move away. This is an example of
government intervention to prevent migration from an area.
Father Charles Coughlin, Huey Long, and Dr. Francis Townsend were all
harsh critics of FDR's New Deal programs.
In what areas of the country did dramatic climatic events further exacerbate the problems of the Great Depression?
midwest... westward
In the 1920s, the United States experienced an economic boom due to, among other things,
installment buying and an unregulated stock market.
What was a result for the Great Lakes/New York areas where the Erie Canal was built?
more cities
Which of these had the MOST significant impact on the crash of the stock market in the United States in 1929?
overproduction of consumer goods
By 1920, both textile and agriculture faced growing economic problems due to
overproduction.
A major part of Franklin Roosevelt's "New Deal" was
production controls.
The purpose of the TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) was
provide electrical power to an underdeveloped region of the U.S.
Herbert Hoover's solution to easing the Great Depression was primarily to
provide some federal help to bankers, but leave relief for the poor to private charities.
Which of these is the BEST description of "Hoovervilles"?
shantytowns in which homeless families lived during the Great Depression
Former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt is a symbol of women's activism because
she was a spokesperson for the United Nations.
The Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937 - often called the "Court-Packing Bill" - is notable in FDR's New Deal because it
showed that FDR's conservative opponents could effectively block his proposals.
Today as we examine the Great Depression, what single event do we associate with the beginning of the Depression?
stock market crash
Critics blasted Franklin D. Roosevelt for the speech he gave in 1938 in which he criticized which industry for paying wages that were too low?
textile
"Economic depression cannot be cured by legislative action or executive pronouncement. Economic wounds must be healed by the action of the cells of the economic body - the producers and consumers themselves." - Herbert Hoover This quote from President Hoover reflects his belief that
the Depression was part of an economic cycle and the economy must right itself.
In studying the Election Results map of 1932, it can be deduced that
the Great Depression caused voters to want to change national leadership.
This image would be useful to a student writing a research paper about what New Deal agency?
the Tennessee Valley Authority
The event generally considered the START of the Great Depression in the United States was
the crash of the stock market.
One reason the Depression of 1929 was so severe in the United States was
the economy had become primarily industrial and most Americans were affected by business variations.
The Social Security Act of 1935 was designed to care for whom? And how was it to be funded?
the elderly, physically disabled, and orphans... receiving government benefits...
An obvious defect in the United States' banking system that was exposed during the Great Depression was
the lack of protection for funds deposited by individuals in banks.
Explain what FDR's court packing scheme was intended to do?
to add more justices to U.S. Supreme Court.??
President Hoover initiated a number of efforts to try and address the deteriorating US economy, how did these work out?
to provide some federal help to bankers, but leave relief for the poor to private charities.
What were President Hoover's ideas and policies on how to cure the ills of the Great Depression?
to provide some federal help to bankers, but leave relief for the poor to private charities.
As a result of the Dust Bowl, most "Okies" who headed to California were
urged to leave and found it difficult to make a living.
The Social Security Act is often considered part of President Franklin Roosevelt's "Second New Deal" because it
was part of the President's plans to enact programs that would offer long-range governmental reform.
The conditions created by the Dust Bowl led over two million people to move PRIMARILY in which direction?
westward
The Neutrality Acts (1936-1939) held that the United States
would not sell war material nor give loans to any nation at war.
What were some of the results of the Great Depression?
...
In what areas of the economy were reforms needed to prevent a repeat of the Great Depression?
?
How did over production and falling prices contribute to the causes the Great Depression?
??
List 3 examples of the US practicing Manifest Destiny?
??
List the reasons why the stock market crashed in 1929.
??
The Monroe Doctrine is seen being used in 1898 during what event?
??
What criticisms were leveled at FDR and his New Deal programs?
??
What monetary measures did FDR take over the course of the New Deal and the Great Depression to ease the Depression?
??
What programs today are legacies of the New Deal?
??
What was meant by the term Manifest Destiny?
??
Which New Deal agency built roads?
CCC? CWA?
What was the purpose of the FDIC? NRA? CCC?
FDIC - agency to insure individual's bank accounts, protecting people against losses due to bank failures NRA - to eliminate "cut-throat competition" by bringing industry, labor and government together to create codes of "fair practices" and set prices. CCC - agency instituted a reforestation program intended to prevent another Dust Bowl
Who won the election of 1932? Why?
FDR bc...
"Let's Leave Out the Joker" pic The cartoon from 1933 is expressing the belief that
FDR's programs are straying too far from American ideals.
This editorial cartoon from 1933 is of the opinion that
FDR's programs can get the U.S. out of the Great Depression.
-"Migrant Mother," taken by Dorothea Lange, 1936 This photograph was MOST associated with which of these issues?
Families losing their homes as a result of the Dust Bowl.
"Value of Goods import into the US" graph Based on the information in the chart, how did the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act negatively affect the international economy?
Fewer people bought foreign goods, causing international trade to decease.
In 1935, the elderly, physically disabled, and orphans began receiving government benefits following the passage of the
Social Security Act.
"Given the chance to go forward with the policies of the last eight years, we shall soon with the help of God, be in sight of the day when poverty will be banished from this nation...We in America today are nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of any land." --Herbert Hoover What evidence would you select to refute Hoover's statement about the American economy?
Under Hoover's administration, the effects of the Great Depression continued to worsen and the American economy did not improve until Roosevelt's presidency.
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