U.S History Ch. 24
Communism
A form of socialism which requires a violent, bloody revolution in order to set up a totalitarian dictatorship which dominated the personality and property of its citizens by means of physical and psychological terror.
Hidenburg Line
A fortified German defense line, formed by an intricate system of deep trenches and dugouts
Communism
A stateless, classless, perfect condition beyond socialism.
St. Mihiel
A strong fortification held by the Germans since 1914. Captured by the American Counteroffensive
Belleau Wood
America's second and third division joined France at the Marne and drove Germany from here.
Cantigny
Americans stormed here on May 28, 1918, turning the tide of the war against Germany.
American ministerial students that attended German Seminaries
Brought Modernism to the United States
Triple Alliance Triple Entente
By 1914 Europe was divided into what two hostile groups?
WW1
"The Great War"
Rousseau
Father of French Romanticism
Voltaire
Father of the Enlightenment
Triple Alliance
Grouping of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
Triple Entente
Grouping of Great Britain, France, and Russia.
Eddie Rickenbacker
Most famous of the aces who destroyed 20 enemy planes.
Veterans Day
Name change of Armistice Day in 1954
Great Britain France Russia Serbia Belgium Romania Japan Portugal Montenegro Greece Italy
Nations in the Allied Powers
Germany Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Turkey
Nations in the Central Powers
U-Boat
New weapon introduced by the German navy in WW1
Doughboys
Nickname for American soldiers
1. Held a deep respect for British Law and, institutions, culture. 2. Retained historical toward France for their help in the War for Independence. 3. Convinced that the Allies would help spread political freedom.
Reasons why America was sympathetic to the Allies
Materialism
Reduces man to a complex machine whose personality is merely an interrelationship of chemical and physical properties.
Contraband of War
Terms applying to items which may be seized when they are headed for an enemy during war time.
There method of reform. What socialists seek through legislation, regulation, and taxation, communists seek through violent revolution.
The main difference between socialism and communism.
Karl Marx
The man most responsible for the rise of modern socialism.
The United States
The only strategic nation that did not join the League of Nations.
Skepticism
The philosophical doctrine that the truth of all knowledge always be in question and that inquiry must be a process of doubting.
1919
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1918
Treaty signed by Lenin to Germany to pull Russia out of WW1.
Treaty of Versailles 1919
Treaty to end WW1.
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare The Zimmerman Note
2 events to help bring US into WW1
Friedrich Schleiermacher
A Follower of Kant
Verdun
A French fortress city the French had forced Germany to retreat from.
Big Bertha
Famous German long range gun
Battle of Jutland
Battle in the North Sea where British crippled the German fleet, making it nearly inactive
Battle of Somme
Battle in which England introduced the tank.
Immanuel Kant
Believed that the senses and the mind are the sole avenues of knowledge and that man cannot know God or the soul by either of these avenues.
War industries Board
Board created to coordinate industrial efforts to supply war materials
Liberty Loan Victory Loan
Bonds purchased by American's to help with the war effort.
Marshal Foch
Commander of all Allied forces
General John G. "Blackjack" Pershing
Commander of the American troops in France during WW1
Selective Service Act
Congressional act to institute the draft
National War Labor Board
Created to act as a court of arbitration t o settle labor disputes
Committee of Public Information
Created to help boost support for the war cause in America
Friedrich Schleiermacher
Creates a theology of feeling, teaching that one's "feeling of dependence", not his faith in God's word, is the important thing.
April 6, 1917
Date US entered WW1
November 11, 1918
Day Armistice was signed for WW1
Fuel Administration 1917
Established to supervise the rationing of fuel in factories and homes
Zimmerman Note
From Germany to Mexico Would give Mexico back their lost American territories Mexico had to convince Japan to play along.
The Sussex Pledge
Germany's pledge to not sink merchant ships without warning and without saving human lives unless they attempt to resist or escape. US also had to convince Britain to drop their blockade of the English Channel
Herbert Hoover
Head of the Food Administration
William Howard Taft
Head of the National War Labor Board
Corporal Alvin York
Hero from Tennessee to become a hero in the Meuse-Argonne Campaign
Daylight Savings Time
How American's conserved fuel in the summer months
They both enslave the people of a nation in a system that deprives them of their freedom and property.
How are both socialism and communism alike?
It tore away the moral foundation off society. People no longer believed that man was created in the image of God and is responsible to God for his actions.
How did evolution affect Europe?
"Heatless Mondays"
How fuel was conserved in winter months
Sabotage
Intentional destruction of property
Dialectic Thinking
Introduced by G. W. F Hegel
The Lusitania
Large British luxury liner sunk by the Germans in 1915
Vladimir Lenin
Leader of the communist Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
Materialism
Living as is material things are all important and spiritual things have no importance.
Immanuel Kant
Man's conscience should be the starting point for religion.
Henry Cabot Lodge
Massachusetts senator, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee who strongly opposed the Treaty of Versailles unless the League of Nations part was removed.
July 28, 1914
On what date did WWI begin?
Friedrich Schleiermacher
One of the most influential theologians of the 19th century
Evolution
Philosophy that seemed to free man from his responsibility to God.
The Hague
Place in the Netherlands where two international peace conferences were held.
Charles Darwin
Popularized the idea of Evolution
14 Points
President Wilson's list of war aims
William Jennings Bryan
Presidents Wilson's Secretary of State that became well known for settling international disputes through arbitration.
Espionage Act
Provided for stiff penalties for anyone who furnished information which would aid the enemy, obstruct recruiting, or encourage insubordination in the Armed Forces.
Provided for an increase of regulatory army Created a guard of 450,000 men $500 million spent on war materials Council of Defense established
Provisions of National Defense Act 1916
German territorial losses Demilitarization of Germany Reparations and admission of guilt
Provisions of the Treaty of Versailles
The Origin of the Species 1859
Published by Darwin to promote his theory of evolution.
William G. McAdoo
Secretary of the treasury placed over railroad activity during war time.
Eugene Debs
Socialist leader who was arrested under the Espionage Act
Theory of Evolution
Stated that man came into being by means of natural processes.
Higher Criticism
States that the Bible is just a piece of literature that should be judged with the reasoning power of men. If conflict is found between science a the Bible, the scholar is expected to reject the Bible.
Aces
Term used for pilots who had shot down at least 5 enemy planes.
1. Germany was to evacuate occupied territories west of the Rhine. 2. Creation of strip of neutral land east of the Rhine. 3. Allied troops could occupy German territory. 4. Germany's surrender of military supplies. 5. Renouncement of German treaties forced on Russia and Romania. 6. Germany was to return all allied prisoners.
Terms of the Armistice of WW1.
Fast destroyers that combatted submarines
The American Navy's greatest contribution to WW1
President Wilson: US Prime Minister David Lloyd George: England Premier Gorges Clemenceau: France Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando: Italy
The Big Four (Versailles Peace Conference)
Karl Marx
The Father of Communism
Friedrich Schleiermacher
The Father of Theological Liberalism
Kaiser Wilhelm II
The aggressive, militaristic leader of Germany in the early 1900s
Deism
The belief in an impersonal God who, after creating the world, left it to run by natural laws and left man to take care of himself using his intellect.
Socialism
The belief that all economic, political, and social life must be planned, controlled and regulated by the state to ensure the "greatest good for the greatest number."
The Balkan Peninsula
The center of the European rivalry
Revolutionary Nationalism
The desire to break loose from established government and rule themselves based on what they see as "natural" boundaries of national origin,
Rationalism
The idea that man's reason is the sole criteria for truth.
Materialism
The idea that matter is the only reality and that everything in the world, including thought, will and feeling can be explained through terms of matter.
League of Nations 1919
The international body organized to keep peace between nations.
"Freedom of the Seas"
The right for neutral nations to trade with members of both sides of the war.
The Social Democratic Party
The social political party formed in Germany,
Empiricism
The theory that experience is the only source of knowledge.
Voltaire Rousseau
The two most influential thinkers of the Enlightenment.
Central Powers Allied Powers
The two opposing alliances of the European Powers
Air Warfare
This type of warfare made its debut in WW1
U-Boat Poison Gas Tank
Three new weapons used in WW1
The existence of Heaven, Hell, the sin nature of man, and the deity of Christ.
What did the modernist deny?
The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife by a Serbian assassin in Sarajevo.
What event sparked WWI?
Meuse-Argonne Campaign
When America worked their way along the Meuse River in NE France and through the Heavily overgrown Argonne Forest to capture the German rail road center at Sedan.
Dialectic Thinking
When one fact or idea (thesis) works against another contradictory fact (antithesis) to create an "New Fact" (synthesis).
German Universities in the early 19th century
Where modernism originated
Versailles
Where the post WW1 peace conference was held
1917
Year US entered WW1
1914-1918
Years of WW1
