U.S History Ch. 24

Communism

A form of socialism which requires a violent, bloody revolution in order to set up a totalitarian dictatorship which dominated the personality and property of its citizens by means of physical and psychological terror.

Hidenburg Line

A fortified German defense line, formed by an intricate system of deep trenches and dugouts

Communism

A stateless, classless, perfect condition beyond socialism.

St. Mihiel

A strong fortification held by the Germans since 1914. Captured by the American Counteroffensive

Belleau Wood

America's second and third division joined France at the Marne and drove Germany from here.

Cantigny

Americans stormed here on May 28, 1918, turning the tide of the war against Germany.

American ministerial students that attended German Seminaries

Brought Modernism to the United States

Triple Alliance Triple Entente

By 1914 Europe was divided into what two hostile groups?

WW1

"The Great War"

Rousseau

Father of French Romanticism

Voltaire

Father of the Enlightenment

Triple Alliance

Grouping of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

Triple Entente

Grouping of Great Britain, France, and Russia.

Eddie Rickenbacker

Most famous of the aces who destroyed 20 enemy planes.

Veterans Day

Name change of Armistice Day in 1954

Great Britain France Russia Serbia Belgium Romania Japan Portugal Montenegro Greece Italy

Nations in the Allied Powers

Germany Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Turkey

Nations in the Central Powers

U-Boat

New weapon introduced by the German navy in WW1

Doughboys

Nickname for American soldiers

1. Held a deep respect for British Law and, institutions, culture. 2. Retained historical toward France for their help in the War for Independence. 3. Convinced that the Allies would help spread political freedom.

Reasons why America was sympathetic to the Allies

Materialism

Reduces man to a complex machine whose personality is merely an interrelationship of chemical and physical properties.

Contraband of War

Terms applying to items which may be seized when they are headed for an enemy during war time.

There method of reform. What socialists seek through legislation, regulation, and taxation, communists seek through violent revolution.

The main difference between socialism and communism.

Karl Marx

The man most responsible for the rise of modern socialism.

The United States

The only strategic nation that did not join the League of Nations.

Skepticism

The philosophical doctrine that the truth of all knowledge always be in question and that inquiry must be a process of doubting.

1919

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1918

Treaty signed by Lenin to Germany to pull Russia out of WW1.

Treaty of Versailles 1919

Treaty to end WW1.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare The Zimmerman Note

2 events to help bring US into WW1

Friedrich Schleiermacher

A Follower of Kant

Verdun

A French fortress city the French had forced Germany to retreat from.

Big Bertha

Famous German long range gun

Battle of Jutland

Battle in the North Sea where British crippled the German fleet, making it nearly inactive

Battle of Somme

Battle in which England introduced the tank.

Immanuel Kant

Believed that the senses and the mind are the sole avenues of knowledge and that man cannot know God or the soul by either of these avenues.

War industries Board

Board created to coordinate industrial efforts to supply war materials

Liberty Loan Victory Loan

Bonds purchased by American's to help with the war effort.

Marshal Foch

Commander of all Allied forces

General John G. "Blackjack" Pershing

Commander of the American troops in France during WW1

Selective Service Act

Congressional act to institute the draft

National War Labor Board

Created to act as a court of arbitration t o settle labor disputes

Committee of Public Information

Created to help boost support for the war cause in America

Friedrich Schleiermacher

Creates a theology of feeling, teaching that one's "feeling of dependence", not his faith in God's word, is the important thing.

April 6, 1917

Date US entered WW1

November 11, 1918

Day Armistice was signed for WW1

Fuel Administration 1917

Established to supervise the rationing of fuel in factories and homes

Zimmerman Note

From Germany to Mexico Would give Mexico back their lost American territories Mexico had to convince Japan to play along.

The Sussex Pledge

Germany's pledge to not sink merchant ships without warning and without saving human lives unless they attempt to resist or escape. US also had to convince Britain to drop their blockade of the English Channel

Herbert Hoover

Head of the Food Administration

William Howard Taft

Head of the National War Labor Board

Corporal Alvin York

Hero from Tennessee to become a hero in the Meuse-Argonne Campaign

Daylight Savings Time

How American's conserved fuel in the summer months

They both enslave the people of a nation in a system that deprives them of their freedom and property.

How are both socialism and communism alike?

It tore away the moral foundation off society. People no longer believed that man was created in the image of God and is responsible to God for his actions.

How did evolution affect Europe?

"Heatless Mondays"

How fuel was conserved in winter months

Sabotage

Intentional destruction of property

Dialectic Thinking

Introduced by G. W. F Hegel

The Lusitania

Large British luxury liner sunk by the Germans in 1915

Vladimir Lenin

Leader of the communist Bolshevik Revolution in Russia

Materialism

Living as is material things are all important and spiritual things have no importance.

Immanuel Kant

Man's conscience should be the starting point for religion.

Henry Cabot Lodge

Massachusetts senator, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee who strongly opposed the Treaty of Versailles unless the League of Nations part was removed.

July 28, 1914

On what date did WWI begin?

Friedrich Schleiermacher

One of the most influential theologians of the 19th century

Evolution

Philosophy that seemed to free man from his responsibility to God.

The Hague

Place in the Netherlands where two international peace conferences were held.

Charles Darwin

Popularized the idea of Evolution

14 Points

President Wilson's list of war aims

William Jennings Bryan

Presidents Wilson's Secretary of State that became well known for settling international disputes through arbitration.

Espionage Act

Provided for stiff penalties for anyone who furnished information which would aid the enemy, obstruct recruiting, or encourage insubordination in the Armed Forces.

Provided for an increase of regulatory army Created a guard of 450,000 men $500 million spent on war materials Council of Defense established

Provisions of National Defense Act 1916

German territorial losses Demilitarization of Germany Reparations and admission of guilt

Provisions of the Treaty of Versailles

The Origin of the Species 1859

Published by Darwin to promote his theory of evolution.

William G. McAdoo

Secretary of the treasury placed over railroad activity during war time.

Eugene Debs

Socialist leader who was arrested under the Espionage Act

Theory of Evolution

Stated that man came into being by means of natural processes.

Higher Criticism

States that the Bible is just a piece of literature that should be judged with the reasoning power of men. If conflict is found between science a the Bible, the scholar is expected to reject the Bible.

Aces

Term used for pilots who had shot down at least 5 enemy planes.

1. Germany was to evacuate occupied territories west of the Rhine. 2. Creation of strip of neutral land east of the Rhine. 3. Allied troops could occupy German territory. 4. Germany's surrender of military supplies. 5. Renouncement of German treaties forced on Russia and Romania. 6. Germany was to return all allied prisoners.

Terms of the Armistice of WW1.

Fast destroyers that combatted submarines

The American Navy's greatest contribution to WW1

President Wilson: US Prime Minister David Lloyd George: England Premier Gorges Clemenceau: France Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando: Italy

The Big Four (Versailles Peace Conference)

Karl Marx

The Father of Communism

Friedrich Schleiermacher

The Father of Theological Liberalism

Kaiser Wilhelm II

The aggressive, militaristic leader of Germany in the early 1900s

Deism

The belief in an impersonal God who, after creating the world, left it to run by natural laws and left man to take care of himself using his intellect.

Socialism

The belief that all economic, political, and social life must be planned, controlled and regulated by the state to ensure the "greatest good for the greatest number."

The Balkan Peninsula

The center of the European rivalry

Revolutionary Nationalism

The desire to break loose from established government and rule themselves based on what they see as "natural" boundaries of national origin,

Rationalism

The idea that man's reason is the sole criteria for truth.

Materialism

The idea that matter is the only reality and that everything in the world, including thought, will and feeling can be explained through terms of matter.

League of Nations 1919

The international body organized to keep peace between nations.

"Freedom of the Seas"

The right for neutral nations to trade with members of both sides of the war.

The Social Democratic Party

The social political party formed in Germany,

Empiricism

The theory that experience is the only source of knowledge.

Voltaire Rousseau

The two most influential thinkers of the Enlightenment.

Central Powers Allied Powers

The two opposing alliances of the European Powers

Air Warfare

This type of warfare made its debut in WW1

U-Boat Poison Gas Tank

Three new weapons used in WW1

The existence of Heaven, Hell, the sin nature of man, and the deity of Christ.

What did the modernist deny?

The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife by a Serbian assassin in Sarajevo.

What event sparked WWI?

Meuse-Argonne Campaign

When America worked their way along the Meuse River in NE France and through the Heavily overgrown Argonne Forest to capture the German rail road center at Sedan.

Dialectic Thinking

When one fact or idea (thesis) works against another contradictory fact (antithesis) to create an "New Fact" (synthesis).

German Universities in the early 19th century

Where modernism originated

Versailles

Where the post WW1 peace conference was held

1917

Year US entered WW1

1914-1918

Years of WW1