U.S. History Chapter 18 Vocabulary nnb

Eisenhower Doctrine

Eisenhower proposed and obtained a joint resolution from Congress authorizing the use of U.S. military forces to intervene in any country that appeared likely to fall to communism. Used in the Middle East.

H-bomb

Hydrogen bomb. This bomb is 67 times more powerful than the bomb that destroyed Hiroshima. The U.S. developed it first, closely followed by the Soviet Union.

38th Parallel

Line that divided Korea - Soviet Union occupied the north and United States occupied the south, during the Cold War.

HUAC

The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) was an investigating committee which investigated what it considered un-American propaganda

Brinksmanship

The principle of not backing down in a crisis, even if it meant taking the country to the brink of war. Policy of both the U.S. and U.S.S.R. during the Cold War.

McCarthyism

The term associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy who led the search for communists in America during the early 1950s through his leadership in the House Un-American Activities Committee.

blacklist

a list of 500 actors, writers; producers; and directors who were not allowed to work on Hollywood flims b/c of the alleged Communist connections

Central intelligence Agency (CIA)

an independent agency of the United States government responsible for collecting and coordinating intelligence and counterintelligence activities abroad in the national interest

Chiang Kal-Shek

leader of China who used the command of the Kuomintang party to control China's central government

Dwight D. Eisenhower

leader of the Allied forces in Europe during WW2--leader of troops in Africa and commander in DDay invasion-elected president-president during integration of Little Rock Central High School

Francis Gary Powers

American pilot that is shot down over the Soviet Union; US had been sending spy planes over Russia for over 3 and a half years; When this plane is shot down Eisenhower denied sending the spies but after investigation the Russians uncover enough photos and evidence to force Eisenhower to take responsibility for his actions; Right before the East-West Summit a meeting in Paris between Eisenhower and Khrushchev; Great embarrassment to US

Warsaw Pact

An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO

United Nations (UN)

An international organization created after world war 2 to facilitate common international concerns on defense, trade, protection of human rights, and other matters.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

An international organization that has joined together for military purposes

John Foster Dulles

As Secretary of State. he viewed the struggle against Communism as a classic conflict between good and evil. Believed in containment and the Eisenhower doctrine.

Satellite Nation

Communist nations in Eastern Europe on friendly terms with the USSR and thought of as under the USSR's control

Mao Zedong

(1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People's Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976.

Korean War

(1950-3) A conflict between UN forces (primarily US and S Korea) against North Korea, and later China; Gen. Douglas Macarthur led UN forces and was later replaced by Gen. Ridgeway; Resulted in Korea remaining divided at the 38th parallel.

Truman Doctrine

1947, President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey

Joseph McCarthy

1950s; Wisconsin senator claimed to have list of communists in American gov't, but no credible evidence; took advantage of fears of communism post WWII to become incredibly influential; "McCarthyism" was the fearful accusation of any dissenters of being communists

U-2 incident

A 1960 incident in which the Soviet military used a guided missile to shoot down an American U-2 spy plane over Soviet territory

Nikita Khrushchev

A Soviet leader during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Also famous for denouncing Stalin and allowed criticism of Stalin within Russia.

Containment

A U.S. foreign policy adopted by President Harry Truman in the late 1940s, in which the United States tried to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances and helping weak countries to resist Soviet advances

Cold War

A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted eachother on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years.

Alger Hiss

A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy and was convicted of perjury.

Hollywood Ten

A group of actors, writers, directors, musicians, and other entertainers, who were barred from working in the industry because of their affiliations or suspected affiliations with the Communist Party of America.

Marshall Plan

A plan that the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aid to western and Southern Europe.

Iron curtain

A political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eastern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region

Taiwan

About 100 miles off China's southeastern coast,used to be a providence of China for several hundereds years, and the people of China fled to this country for nationalism

Berlin airlift

Airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

American communists who were executed after having been found guilty of conspiracy to commit espionage. The charges were in relation to the passing of information about the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. Theirs was the first execution of civilians for espionage in United States history