US History Exam 27-32

A major critic of Lyndon Johnson's foreign policies was A) William Fulbright. B) Walter Rostow. C) Robert McNamara. D) Daniel Ortega. E) William Westmoreland

A

An organization founded by Martin Luther King, Jr. to promote civil rights was the A) Southern Christian Leadership Conference. B) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. C) Urban League. D) Fair Employment Practices Committee. E) Black Panther Party for Self-Defense.

A

Bill Clinton was impeached for A) perjury and obstruction of justice. B) making unwelcome sexual advances to Paula Jones. C) having an affair with Monica Lewinsky. D) selling missile technology to China for campaign contributions. E) being involved in a crooked real estate scheme in Arkansas.

A

Bill Clinton's Republican opponent in the 1996 presidential election was A) Robert Dole. B) Geraldine Ferraro. C) George Bush. D) H. Ross Perot. E) Ralph Nader.

A

Britain and France responded to initial German aggression by A) attempting to appease Hitler. B) immediately threatening war. C) establishing a military alliance with the Soviet Union. D) seizing German territory. E) blockading German ports.

A

Critical to John F. Kennedy's victory in the election of 1960 was his A) success in televised debates against Richard Nixon. B) charge that Republicans had over stimulated the economy. C) rejection of U.S. participation in the Cold War. D) disavowal of his religious beliefs. E) stance as a war hawk.

A

Critical to life in the suburbs in the 1950s was A) the automobile. B) efficient mass transit. C) the development of jobs close to the home sites. D) the restructuring of American school systems. E) air conditioning.

A

In the Korean War, the Chinese threatened a massive invasion of Korea if the United States A) invaded North Korea. B) attempted to aid South Korea. C) broke out of the Pusan perimeter. D) did not withdraw its troops. E) did not agree to peace talks.

A

Kennedy's greatest domestic obstacle while president was A) the U.S. Congress. B) the Joint Chiefs of Staff. C) his lack of experience in domestic affairs. D) his lack of concern for domestic affairs. E) his affiliation with the Catholic church

A

Most of President George Bush's time was taken up with A) the savings and loan problem and the budget deficit. B) dealing with the collapse of the Soviet Union. C) dealing with hostile Arab states. D) trying to establish better relations with the Chinese. E) trying to overcome his "spy image."

A

People's attitudes toward organized religion in the 1950s was A) incredibly positive and religious affiliation boomed. B) seen mainly in the growing numbers of Protestants. C) not as important in their lives as in previous generations. D) the only way to deal with the emotional stress of the Cold War. E) something there was no time for as life became more hectic

A

Stalin was succeeded by A) Nikita Khrushchev. B) Leonid Breshnev. C) V. I. Lenin. D) Yuri Andropov. E) Yuri Gregorin.

A

The Deep South responded to court-ordered desegregation A) with massive resistance. B) by moving immediately to end discrimination in schools. C) with grudging acceptance of the decisions. D) by closing all of its schools. E) with bloody race riots.

A

The Marshall Plan proposed A) the infusion of massive amounts of American capital in Western Europe. B) the rearming of Germany. C) a massive military buildup in Europe. D) a series of Western military alliances. E) the division of Germany.

A

The SALT I agreements A) were more important as symbols than concrete events. B) forced the United States to take a secondary position in the arms race. C) were never accepted by the Soviet and American governments. D) provided China with military support along its border with the Soviet Union. E) limited the two superpowers to one thousand anti-ballistic missiles each.

A

The Soviet leader with whom both Dwight Eisenhower and John Kennedy had to deal was A) Nikita Khrushchev. B) Leonid Brezhnev. C) Gamel Nasser. D) Mikhail Gorbachev. E) Yuri Andropov

A

The Truman Doctrine was developed as a response to problems in A) Greece and Turkey. B) Italy and France. C) Syria and Lebanon. D) Laos and Vietnam. E) Hungary and Czechoslovakia

A

The Watergate Scandal A) demonstrated the strength of America's basic governmental institutions. B) allowed unchecked presidential authority. C) involved a lust for money. D) was conceived by Richard Nixon. E) uncovered vast corruption in the U.S. Congress.

A

The first president to attempt seriously to alter the historic pattern of racial discrimination in the United States was A) Harry Truman. B) Franklin D. Roosevelt. C) Theodore Roosevelt. D) John F. Kennedy. E) Herbert Hoover.

A

The individual who invented the concept of mass construction of suburban homes was A) William Levitt. B) C. Wright Mills. C) William Douglas. D) William Whyte. E) Charles Newcastle.

A

The loser of the presidential election of 1960 was A) Richard Nixon. B) George McGovern. C) John F. Kennedy. D) Lyndon Johnson. E) Hubert Humphrey.

A

The main premise of General William Westmoreland's strategy in Vietnam was to A) wage a war of attrition against the Communists. B) fight a limited war. C) rely heavily on U.S. naval forces against the Viet Cong. D) keep the war contained in South Vietnam. E) fight a defensive war.

A

The man selected to serve as secretary of defense by John F. Kennedy was A) Robert McNamara. B) Arthur Radford. C) Dean Rusk. D) William Westmoreland. E) Henry Kissinger.

A

The police beating of ________ precipitated the Los Angeles riots of 1992. A) Rodney King B) Ruth Bader Ginsberg C) Len Bias D) Henry Cisneros E) O. J. Simpson

A

What was the main focus of the Nixon presidency? A) foreign policy B) economics C) civil rights D) education E) military build-up

A

________ ran for president in 1992 and 1996 as a third-party candidate. A) H. Ross Perot B) George Wallace C) Ralph Nader D) Strom Thurmond E) John Anderson

A

During World War II, Germany, Italy, and Japan were collectively known as the _______ powers. A) Allied B) Axis C) Independent D) Sovereign E) Coalition

B

During the war, U.S.-Soviet relations were A) close and tranquil. B) constantly strained by significant ideological differences. C) totally uncooperative. D) hurt by the United States' refusal to extend recognition to the Soviet Union as a cobelligerent. E) influenced by F.D.R.'s personal dislike for Stalin.

B

Germany's use of tanks, armored columns, and dive bombers in close coordination was known as A) sitzfrieg. B) blitzkrieg. C) trench warfare. D) stalemate. E) the multiple offense strategy

B

In 1981, the Reagan administration crushed a strike by the A) truck drivers. B) air traffic controllers. C) airline pilots. D) coal miners. E) automobile assembly workers

B

In 2002, President Bush called Iraq, Iran, and North Korea A) the evil empire. B) the axis of evil. C) the rogue states. D) the focus of evil in the world. E) the three banditos.

B

In general, American tactics in the Vietnam War A) proved the advantage of high technology in wartime. B) were ill-suited for the type of war being fought. C) were efficient, if not always successful. D) were not a major factor in the American loss. E) saved thousands of American lives.

B

In the election of 1976, Jimmy Carter defeated A) Ronald Reagan. B) Gerald Ford. C) Richard Nixon. D) Spiro Agnew. E) George H.W. Bush.

B

Lyndon Johnson's advisor who opposed the Vietnam War was A) J. William Fulbright. B) George Ball. C) Sam Rayburn. D) William Westmoreland. E) Ralph Nader.

B

Nixon's program to improve relations with the Soviet Union was known as A) containment. B) detente. C) Arc Light. D) counterinsurgency. E) de-escalation.

B

President Kennedy's most controversial Cabinet appointment involved his choice for A) secretary of state. B) attorney general. C) secretary of defense. D) secretary of transportation. E) secretary of the interior.

B

Sputnik, the earth satellite put into orbit by the Soviet Union in 1957, was capable of A) launching a missile attack against the U.S. B) transmitting a "beep...beep...beep" radio signal. C) carrying out high-level photographic surveillance. D) carrying a dog into space. E) serving as a communications satellite.

B

The Clark Memorandum of 1930 A) ordered U .S. marines into Nicaragua. B) repudiated the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. C) ordered the blockade of Venezuela. D) closed the Panama Canal. E) established large plantations under United States control in northern Panama.

B

The National Security Act of 1947 established the A) Department of State. B) Central Intelligence Agency. C) Truman Doctrine. D) Marshall Plan. E) House Un-American Activities Committee

B

The SALT treaties involved A) the United States' withdrawal from Vietnam. B) reductions in the number of offensive ballistic missiles. C) removal of Soviet nuclear weapons from Cuba. D) preventing war in the Middle East. E) the collapse of the former Soviet Union.

B

The U.S. allied military campaign against Iraq in 1991 was known as Operation A) Desert Wind. B) Desert Storm. C) Contact Saddam. D) Defeat Kuwait. E) Liberate Kuwait.

B

The ________ established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. A) Fair Employment Practices Act B) Civil Rights Act of 1964 C) Equal Opportunity Act D) Taft-Hartley Act E) Civil Rights Act of 1957

B

The commander of the U.S. Pacific fleet during World War II was A) "Bull" Halsey. B) Chester W. Nimitz. C) Douglas MacArthur. D) George Patton. E) John Paul Jones.

B

The first sign of student rebellion came in the fall of 1964 at A) Columbia University. B) the University of California at Berkeley. C) Harvard University. D) Texas A & M University. E) Kent State University.

B

The leading figure of the Red Scare of the early 1950s was A) Dwight D. Eisenhower. B) Joseph McCarthy. C) Dean Acheson. D) Richard M. Nixon. E) Roy Cohn.

B

The most influential social critic of the 1950s was A) Dean Acheson. B) David Riesman. C) Billy Graham. D) Whittaker Chambers. E) Ernie Kovacs.

B

The one significant legislative achievement of the Eisenhower years was the A) Social Security Act. B) Highway Act of 1956. C) Taft-Hartley Act. D) Fair Employment Act. E) Truth in Advertising Act.

B

The passage of the National Security Act in 1947 A) indicated America's desire to decrease its military strength. B) acted to coordinate and unify America's military establishment. C) served only to further divide the Defense Department. D) weakened the intelligence gathering capabilities of the United States. E) added unnecessary bureaucracy to matters of defense.

B

The turning point of the Pacific war was the American victory at the battle of A) Coral Sea. B) Midway. C) Guadalcanal. D) Iwo Jima. E) Leyte Gulf.

B

Which one of the following battles prevented the Japanese assault on Australia? A) Battle of Leyte Gulf B) Battle of the Coral Sea C) Battle of Midway D) Battle of the Bulge E) Battle of Sydney Harbor

B

Which one of the following groups sponsored the "freedom rides"? A) Southern Christian Leadership Conference B) Congress of Racial Equality C) Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee D) Fair Employment Practices Committee E) National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

B

With the outbreak of war in Europe in 1939, President Roosevelt A) immediately declared war on Germany. B) declared American neutrality. C) loaned massive quantities of war supplies to France and England. D) warned Germany that if France were attacked, the United States would declare war. E) made a secret pact with the French.

B

After the elections of 1994, the new speaker of the House was A) Robert Reich. B) Jim Wright. C) Newt Gingrich. D) Tip O'Neill. E) Bob Dole.

C

At the beginning of the Korean War, North Korea was A) a colony of Japan. B) a colony of China. C) strongly supported by the Soviet Union. D) a trustee state of the United Nations. E) still recovering from the devastation of World War II.

C

Civil rights leader ________ advocated "black power." A) Martin Luther King, Jr. B) Malcolm X C) Stokely Carmichael D) Huey Newton E) H. Rap Brown

C

George Kennan believed firmly that A) Congress should be allowed a leading role in foreign affairs. B) public opinion should be of paramount importance in determining foreign policy. C) American foreign policy should be left to the experts. D) the Soviets posed no real threat to the United States. E) "containment" in theory was a strong practice but might prove difficult to implement.

C

George Kennan's "containment" policy proposed A) long-term neutrality for the United States with respect to European affairs. B) a series of aggressive maneuvers toward the Soviet Union. C) American vigilance regarding Soviet expansionist tendencies. D) restrictions on American expansionist plans. E) keeping nuclear weapons information a closely guarded secret

C

In Congress, which of the following Democrats did President Eisenhower have to work most closely with during the 1950s? A) John Dulles B) Robert Taft C) Sam Rayburn D) Dean Acheson E) John Carmichael

C

In October 1941, German U-boats sank the U.S. destroyer A) Liberty. B) Mayaguez. C) Reuben James. D) Lusitania. E) Kearney.

C

In the presidential election of 2004, George W. Bush defeated A) Al Gore. B) Howard Dean. C) John Kerry. D) Bob Kerrey. E) Edward Kennedy.

C

Soviet bitterness toward the United States immediately after World War II was primarily a result of A) American threats to take military action against Eastern Europe. B) broken American promises regarding the future of Berlin. C) the United States' refusal to provide economic aid to the Soviet Union. D) personal differences between Truman and Stalin. E) the United States' presence in West Germany.

C

The African American who proposed the 1941 March on Washington to end discrimination in defense employment was A) Martin Luther King, Sr. B) James Meredith. C) A. Philip Randolph. D) Booker T. Washington. E) W. E. B. Du Bois.

C

The American fleet at Pearl Harbor was caught by surprise when Japan attacked because A) American intelligence had not been able to break the Japanese code. B) of faulty radar equipment. C) of human miscalculations and mistakes. D) F.D.R. conspired to get the United States into the war by provoking a Japanese attack. E) American intelligence had incorrectly decoded an intercepted message

C

The Arkansas governor who defied U.S. Supreme Court orders to integrate public schools was A) Bill Clinton. B) George Wallace. C) Orval Faubus. D) Thurgood Marshall. E) Roger Thornton.

C

The best description of President Dwight D. Eisenhower's political perspective was A) the "Fair Deal." B) the "New Deal." C) "Moderate Republicanism." D) "The New Frontier." E) "A Chicken in Every Pot."

C

The crucial issue discussed at the Potsdam Conference involved A) the use of the atomic bomb. B) the future of Berlin. C) war reparations. D) opening a second front against Germany. E) how to deal with Japan.

C

The outcome of the 2000 presidential election hung on legal battles over the vote count in A) Ohio. B) Illinois. C) Florida. D) California. E) New Mexico.

C

To end criticism of the CIA, Gerald Ford appointed ________ to head the agency. A) Spiro Agnew B) Ronald Reagan C) George H.W. Bush D) Tom Hayden E) William Casey

C

When the Soviet Union sealed off the city of Berlin in 1948, President Harry Truman A) responded by invading Czechoslovakia. B) threatened to drop nuclear weapons on Moscow. C) organized a massive airlift to resupply the city. D) declared war. E) did nothing, fearing escalation to a "hot" war

C

Which Washington Conference treaty pledged to uphold the Open Door policy? A) Four Power Treaty B) Five Power Treaty C) Nine Power Treaty D) Kellogg-Briand Pact E) Camp David Treaty

C

Which of the following individuals served as Nixon's national security adviser during his first term? A) Warren Burger B) G. Gordon Liddy C) Henry Kissinger D) William Rehnquist E) John Mitchell

C

With respect to the anti-war demonstrators, Richard Nixon A) secretly supported their objectives. B) ordered violent actions to be taken against them. C) had very little sympathy for them. D) generally just ignored them. E) prosecuted many for draft evasion

C

American bombing of North Vietnam A) proved an effective strategy in limiting North Vietnam's participation in the war. B) destroyed North Vietnam's major port facilities at Haiphong. C) demoralized the North Vietnamese people. D) generally failed to accomplish anything. E) impeded communist supply lines.

D

At the ________ Conference, the victorious Allied powers decided to take reparations from their own occupation zones in Germany. A) Yalta B) Tehran C) Tokyo D) Potsdam E) Paris Peace

D

During World War II, the United States' closest ally was A) the Soviet Union. B) Canada. C) France. D) England. E) China.

D

In 1931, the illusion of peace was shattered by the Japanese invasion of A) Korea. B) Malaysia. C) Philippines. D) Manchuria. E) Siberia.

D

In 1979 revolutionaries in ________ took U.S. diplomats hostage. A) Iraq B) Israel C) Pakistan D) Iran E) Afghanistan

D

Nixon called his shifting of responsibility for many social programs from the federal to the state and local levels the A) New Nationalism. B) New Deal. C) Great Society. D) New Federalism. E) New Frontier

D

President Eisenhower's first serious foreign policy crisis came when A) communist China attacked Formosa. B) North Korea attacked South Korea. C) the French asked the U.S. for assistance in Vietnam. D) Egypt seized the Suez Canal. E) the Soviet Union cut off land access to Berlin.

D

The German invasion of the Soviet Union was turned back at A) Moscow. B) Borodin. C) the Ural Mountains. D) Stalingrad. E) Kasserine Pass.

D

The Reagan administration's policies in the Middle East and Central America reached a tragic convergence in A) Nicaragua. B) El Salvador. C) Grenada. D) the Iran-Contra affair. E) the Iranian hostage crisis

D

The Soviet Union first learned of the American atomic bomb A) from Franklin D. Roosevelt. B) through conversations between Truman and Stalin. C) from the British and French. D) through the use of espionage. E) when the first one was dropped on Japan.

D

The international oil organization most responsible for raising petroleum prices in the 1970s was A) SALT. B) CERT. C) CREEP. D) OPEC. E) ARAB.

D

To get his education bill through Congress, George W. Bush cultivated the support of A) Hilary Rodham Clinton. B) Strom Thurmond. C) Kay Bailey Hutchison. D) Edward Kennedy. E) Joseph Lieberman.

D

Which of the following was NOT a foreign policy problem for the Clinton administration? A) Bosnia B) Somalia C) the Middle East D) Western Europe E) Haiti

D

Gerald Ford A) prosecuted former president Nixon to the full extent of the law. B) was a graceful and articulate speaker. C) endorsed control over federal strip mining. D) was ultimately far more liberal than Nixon in the White House. E) was the first president not elected to the office of either president or vice president

E

In the election of 1964, President Lyndon Johnson easily defeated A) Robert Taft. B) Richard Nixon. C) George McGovern. D) Nelson Rockefeller. E) Barry Goldwater.

E

The 1962 Supreme Court decision banning school prayer was A) Gideon v. Wainwright. B) Yates v. United States. C) Baker v. Carr. D) Miranda v. Arizona. E) Engle v. Vitale.

E

The Fascist dictator of Italy was A) Francisco Franco. B) Antonio Gramsci. C) Adolfo Colavita. D) Fiorello LaGuardia. E) Benito Mussolini.

E

Which of the following individuals served as Nixon's attorney general? A) Warren Burger B) G. Gordon Liddy C) Henry Kissinger D) William Rehnquist E) John Mitchell

E