U.S. History Final Exam: Module 13

In what year where Martin Luther King, Jr. and Robert Kennedy both assassinated?

a) 1968

The Environmental Protection Agency was created in ________ when ________ signed the National Environmental Protection Act into law.

a) 1970; Richard Nixon

What initially sparked the 1973 energy crisis?

a) OPEC's embargo of oil exports to the United States in retaliation for American intervention in the Middle East

Who was the leader of the movement to stop the Equal Rights Amendment?

a) Phylis Schlafly

The Stonewall incident that catalyzed the gay rights movement occurred when:

a) bar patrons in New York City protested a police raid

By the end of their first year in office, Nixon and Kissinger had concluded that the most effective way to tip the military balance in South Vietnam's favor was to

a) destroy military bases in Cambodia and Laos

Roe v. Wade, the court case that legalized abortion hinged on what legal idea?

a) right of privacy

In the hope of forcing the government of North Vietnam to the bargaining table, the Nixon Administration ordered the heavy bombing of communist forces located in Cambodia—specifically those forces located along the:

b) Ho Chi Mlnh Trail

The Kerner Commission explained urban riots as the result of which of the following

b) black frustration with the hopelessness of urban poverty

How did the United States respond to the independence movement in Vietnam?

b) opposed Vietnamese independence and supported French attempts to retain its colonial control

All of the following are true about the Gulf of Tonkin incident and the ensuing resolution EXCEPT

b) served as justification for the assassination of Ngo Diem

In 1979, Iranians who took American hostages demanded, in return for their release,

b) the United States return of the Shah of Iran

What was the primary guiding principle of Carter's foreign policy during his early years in office?

c Human rights

North Vietnamese and Vietcong forces executed a massive series of raids on various towns, cities, and bases throughout South Vietnam called:

c) The Tet Offensive

In 1972, two Washington Post reporters uncovered evidence linking the Watergate break-in to

c) all of the answers are correct -a former employee of the Nixon White House -a secret reelection fund controlled by White House Staff -the Committee for the Reelection of the President

Founded in 1968, the American Indian Movement (AIM)

c) emphasized assimilation into a larger American society

The crisis of American hostages being held in Iran

c) lasted more than a year

The so-called Pentagon Papers

c) revealed the government had misled the public regarding the progress of the war

In 1974, former President Richard Nixon was pardoned by

c) the president

In 1974, Richard Nixon left the presidency

c) through resignation

The Supreme Court in the case United States v. Richard M. Nixon (1974) ruled that Nixon must

c) turn over audio tape recordings from the Oval Office to the special prosecutor

The military spread this chemical agent onto dense jungle to expose Vietcong hideouts and supply routes.

d) Agent Orange

What was the primary political issue that Carter used in his presidential campaign?

d) Carter's campaign focused less on issues than on his background as hardworking, honest, Southern Baptist

After years of enduring ______________ control and abuse, Ho Chi Minh, a respected Vietnamese citizen who was also a devoted communist, saw an opportunity to lay the foundation for an independent communist Vietnam.

d) French

Responding to rioting students who had set fire to the school's ROTC building, Ohio National Guardsmen descended on the __________________ campus on May 4, 1970, to restore order. When confronted by students throwing rocks and debris, guardsmen panicked and opened fire, killing four students in the ensuing chaos.

d) Kent State

What is the demarcation line, or demilitarized zone (DMZ), created in Vietnam that existed from 1954 until 1975, when Vietnam was finally unified?

d) The 17th Parallel

What happened at My Lai?

d) U.S. troops massacred hundreds of civilians

All of the following led to the economic development of the Sun Belt EXCEPT

d) a resurgence in southern agriculture

In 1972, the Equal Rights Amendment

d) all of the answers are correct -was passed by Congress and submitted to the states for ratification -seemed almost certain to be ratified -was strongly opposed by some women

The key evidence in the determination of President Richard Nixon's guilt or innocence in the Watergate scandal was

d) audio tape recordings of most conversations in the Oval Office

The intent of President Richard Nixon's "Vietnamization" policy was to

d) have the South Vietnamese military do more of the fighting

The Watergate scandal began in 1972 with a break-in at the

d) offices of the Democratic National Committee

What was the intention of the War Powers Resolution?

d) reduce the President's ability to wage war without congressional consent

In April 1970, the antiwar movement was recharged by

d) the U.S. invasion of Cambodia