US History Final Review

Which quote best reflects the importance of the 1960 presidential debate between John F. Kennedy and Richard M. Nixon?

"That night, image replaced the printed word as the natural language of politics."--Russell Baker.

Which statement best describes the term "muckraking" journalism?

A style of journalism popularized by individuals such as Lincoln Steffens and Ida Tarbell who used journalism to expose the corruption present in business and politics.

Which statement best explains the lack of political participation by American Indians in the US during the Federalist period?

American Indians were denied US Citizenship.

Which choice best illustrates why Prohibition failed?

Americans were willing to break laws that interfered with their personal quest for pleasure.

Which statement best describes what Stephen Douglas stated in the so called Freeport Doctrine?

Any territory could exclude slavery by simply refusing to pass laws supporting it.

Which was required by the Pendleton Civil Service Act?

Applicants for government jobs must pass examinations.

Which best completes the diagram?

Arbitration.

Which two World War II naval victories marked a positive turning point for U.S. forces in the Pacific?

Battle of Coral Sea; Battle of Midway.

"You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns; you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold."-William Jennings Bryan, 1896. According to this excerpt, which idea did he promote?

Bimetallism.

Which choice best defines welfare capitalism?

Businesses offerings such as profit sharing and pension plans.

How did the artists of the Hudson River School contribute to American nationalism?

By painting scenes depicting the natural beauty found in America.

Who was most responsible for championing the rights of poor migrant workers during the 1960s?

Cesar Chavez.

If someone had served with US troops that fought in the Boxer Rebellion, that person would have served in what country?

China.

Which statement about U.S. involvement in Vietnam is true?

Congress authorized the escalation of United States military activity in Vietnam after communist forces allegedly attacked United States naval vessels.

What did Woodrow Wilson hope to see flourish as a result of his "missionary diplomacy"?

Democracy in the Western Hemisphere.

Which action taken by President Harry S Truman represents an attempt to respond to civil rights concerns?

Desegregating the military.

Which statement best explains why Reconstruction ended?

Enforcement of Reconstruction Acts decreased because of political Compromise.

What basic idea is Thomas Nast trying to convey in this cartoon?

Even though Mayor Hoffman is technically the Mayor of New York the true power still lies in the hands of Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall.

Which statement is most associated with the Haymarket Affair?

Events linked to striking McCormick Harvester plant employees led to violence.

Which statement best defines the term jingoism?

Extreme nationalism characterized by a belligerent foreign policy.

Who were the exodusters?

Former slaves from the South who settled on the Great Plains.

"It was a masterful move by a masterful politician; a perfect example of how a leader can use technological advancement to his advantage. For the first time a president could speak to citizens as they sat in their own living rooms. He could encourage, inspire, console, and inform them all at one time. And he could make sure that his take on things was the take they got." To what is this quote is most likely referring?

Franklin D. Roosevelt's fireside chats.

In addition to Puerto Rico, which territories were acquired by the United States as part of the peace treaty that ended the Spanish-American War?

Guam and the Philippines.

Which statement concerning Dr. Francis E. Townsend and his role in the "New Deal" is true?

He advocated government payments of $200 per month to all citizens over age sixty and influenced the establishment of the Social Security System.

What was Frederick Jackson Turner's main reason for encouraging imperialism?

He believed it was essential to maintain the national spirit and keep the US strong.

How did Henry Ford revolutionize the auto industry?

He saw workers as potential customers, paid them the unheard of wage of $5/day, and introduced a more efficient assemble line for mass production.

Which statement about William Randolph Hurst is most true?

He used sensationalized and exaggerated reporting in his newspaper to attract readers.

Which action bet illustrates President Andrew Jackson's lack of commitment towards extending more civil rights to the Freedmen?

He vetoed the Freedmen's Bureau Act and the Civil Rights Act of 1866.

Which statement most accurately explains why Lincoln decided to only send "food for hungry men' to Fort Sumter as opposed to reinforcing it militarily?

He wanted the Union to fire the first shots in the war.

Which best describes the contributions made by Frederick Law Olmstead?

He was famous for constructing several well known urban parks which provided a needed escape from industrial city life.

Why did the US government insist that a series of provisions know as the Platt Amendment be added to the 1901 Cuban constitution?

In order to assure that Americans would have the right to buy or lease Cuban land for naval and fueling stations.

Why was the Bessemer process an important technological innovation?

It allowed for the easier and more cost effective manufacture of steel.

Which selection expresses the main idea of the Dawes Act?

It encouraged Indians to give up tribal membership and become American citizens.

What was significant about the Supreme Court's decision in Texas v. White?

It established the authority of the federal government over that of the states.

What impact did the Clayton Anti-Trust Act (1914) have on unions?

It helped unions because anti-trust laws could no longer be used to defeat or break up labor unions.

Which statement best explains the desired intent of the Judiciary Act of 1801?

It was a Federalist initiative designed to control future federal judicial decisions by increasing the number of federal judgeships.

What was the main reason for the 19th century Social Gospel movement?

It was a movement based on the belief that Christians had a responsibility to help improve working conditions and alleviate poverty.

Which statement best defines the true intent of F.D.R.'s "New Deal" legislation?

It was implement in an effort to help stimulate the economy and counter the effects of the Great Depression.

What is the best Social-Darwinist defense for U.S. imperialism?

It was natural for Superior nations to economically and politically dominate less-advanced nations.

Which best describes the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) which was created in 1954?

It was primarily created to block further communist gains in Southeast Asia.

Which group suffered official discrimination during World War II?

Japanese Americans.

Which Americans benefited most from the Tariff of 1816?

Manufacturers.

Which best describes the subjects of novelist John Steinbeck and photojournalist Dorothea Lange during the 1930s?

Migrant workers, sharecroppers, and the homeless.

Which statement best defines the policy known as détente?

Nixon's effort to erase tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union by negotiating the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty.

How would a supporter of Social Darwinism view the problem of poverty?

Poor people are poor because they are not as skilled as the rich and a system of unrestrained competition will ensure the survival of the fittest.

What policy was followed when American forces decided to attack Iraq before Saddam Hussein could further develop weapons of mass destruction?

Pre-emptive action.

Which effect resulted from the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)?

Railroad rebates were made illegal.

Which U.S. Supreme Court decision made it illegal to achieve diversity through the use of racial quotas?

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978).

Which statement most accurately describes the argument put forth in Helen Hunt Jackson's A Century of Dishonor (1881)?

She condemned the American government's Native American Indian policy which was rife with broken treaties and inhumane treatment.

Which philosophy did captains of industry, such as Carnegie and Rockefeller, tend to support?

The "Survival of the fittest" business model.

What impact did the arrival of the American Expeditionary Force (A.E.F) have on the outcome of the Great War?

The Americans were fresh and eager to engage the enemy in battle and their arrival marked a turning point in the war.

"All were scratching the mountain dirt for 'color' when some electrifying news came drifting over the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada- Some 'blasted blue stuff' that had been found was actually a fabulous silver strike... Probably the greatest single mineral strike in history." What is this passage most likely about?

The Comstock Lode.

Why did the Populist Party fail to unite poor Southern Whites and African Americans against the wealthy elite?

The Populists could not overcome white fear of African Americans' power.

Which 1904 policy was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine and stated that the U.S. would police the Western hemisphere?

The Roosevelt Corollary.

During the 1950s, school enrollments increased by 13 million. School districts struggled to build more facilities, and a new school was built in California every seven days. What was responsible for this post-World War II growth rate?

The baby boom, which continued into the mid-1960's.

Which short-term event led to the start of the Spanish-American War?

The explosion of the U.S.S. Maine.

Which proposed Populist Party reforms were eventually adopted a Constitutional Amendment?

The graduated federal income tax and the direct election of U.S. Senators.

Which statement best exemplifies America's movement towards sectionalism during the early 1800s?

The passage of the 1828 Tariff of Abomination angered many Southerners who saw it as a Northern attempt to gain wealth at the expense of the South.

Why did modernists claim victory in the Scopes trial?

They believed the testimony in the trial proved fundamentalism to be illogical.

What did the inventions of Samuel F.B. Morse and Alexander Graham Bell have in Common?

They both enabled individuals and businesses to communicate on a broader scale.

Which statement is true of many Harlem Renaissance writers?

They largely rejected white culture and exalted the "New Negro".

Which statement best describes the Alien and Sedition Acts?

They were a Federalists attempt to curtail growth of the Democratic-Republican Party.

Who secured a treaty with Spain giving the US shipping rights on the Mississippi River?

Thomas Pinckney.

Which occurrence is largely responsible for the great upsurge in female sports teams on college campuses over the past thirty years?

Title IX of the higher Education Act of 1972.

Why did annexationists in Hawaii plot the 1893 overthrow of the Hawaiian government?

To avoid paying the new American Tariff on sugar.

Which most accurately describes the Corp of Discovery's purpose (aka the Lewis and Clark Expedition)?

To map out the region and establish favorable trade relations with the natives.

What was the most important motive for late nineteenth century United States imperialism?

To open new markets for American-made goods.

What was the intention of Franklin Roosevelt's Lend Lease proposal?

To provide arms for the Allies to use against the Germans without officially entering the war.

Which innovation had the greatest impact of westward migration immediately after the Civil War?

Transcontinental railroad.

Which statement best describes the main plank of James K. Polk's 1844 political platform?

U.S. territory should be expanded through the acquisition of western lands.

Which statement best explains what Abraham Lincoln's meant when he said, ". . . that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."

We honor those killed in battle by dedicating ourselves to finishing what they began.

Which statement concerning American national security would most likely have been made by Alfred T. Mahan?

We must build a strong, efficient navy in order to survive and prosper.