U.S. History Semester 2 42

Happy Chandler

Albert Benjamin "Happy" Chandler Sr. was an American politician from the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Chandler threw his support behind Brooklyn Dodgers owner Branch Rickey's attempts to break the color barrier with Jackie Robinson. Chandler stood firmly behind Robinson when he made his major league debut on April 15, 1947.

Florida

On March 4, 1946, Jackie Robinson arrived for his first day of spring training in Sanford, Florida, with the Montreal Royals, the Brooklyn Dodgers' AAA team.

1947 World Series

The 1947 World Series matched the New York Yankees against the Brooklyn Dodgers. The Yankees won the Series in seven games for their first title since 1943, and their eleventh World Series championship in team history. Yankees manager Bucky Harris won the Series for the first time since managing the Washington.

Kansas City Monarchs

The Kansas City Monarchs were the longest-running franchise in the history of baseball's Negro Leagues. Jackie Robinson only spent five months with the Kansas City Monarchs in 1945, he left an everlasting mark on the city.

Kirby Higbe

Walter Kirby Higbe was an American right-handed starting pitcher in Major League Baseball from 1937 to 1950. He was a two-time All-Star. Higbe was one of a group of Brooklyn players who protested Rickey's decision. Subsequently, Kirby was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates.

Enos Slaughter

An American Major League Baseball right fielder. He played for 19-seasons on four major league teams from 1938-1942 and 1946-1959. Slaughter was reported at the time as being one of the leaders in racial taunting against the first black major league player, Jackie Robinson and was accused of conspiring with teammate Terry Moore of an attempt to get the Cardinals to refuse to play Brooklyn with Robinson on the field.

Burt Shotten

Burton Edwin Shotten was an American player, manager, coach and scout in Major League Baseball. As manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers, he won two National League pennants and served as Jackie Robinson's first permanent Major League manager.

Winning the Pennant

Each season, a National League team wins the league's pennant, signifying that they are its champion and they win the right to play in the World Series against the champion of the American League.

Ebbets Field

Ebbets Field was a Major League Baseball stadium in the Flatbush section of Brooklyn, New York City.

Eddie Stanky

Edward Raymond Stanky was an American professional baseball second baseman, shortstop and manager. Stanky stayed silent at first, but finally yelled back at Ben Chapman's racist insults during a game.

Jackie Robinson

First African American to play in Major league Baseball in the modern era.

Harold Parrott

Former sportswriter and baseball executive, died today. He was 78 years old. Mr. Parrott wrote about sports for The Brooklyn Eagle and later became the traveling secretary with the Brooklyn Dodgers

Clay Hopper

Hopper played from 1926 through 1941, and continued managing through 1956. Managing the Montreal Royals of the International League in 1946, Hopper served as Jackie Robinson's first manager in integrated baseball.

New York Yankees

In 1947, The Yankees were the opposing team against the Dodgers.

Major League Baseball

Major League Baseball is a professional baseball organization, the oldest of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada.

April 15, 1947

On this day in 1947, Jackie Robinson, age 28, becomes the first African-American player in Major League Baseball when he steps onto Ebbets Field in Brooklyn to compete for the Brooklyn Dodgers.

Rachel Robinson

Rachel was Jackie's wife and was among many who supported him through his baseball career.

Segregation

Racial segregation is the separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life. But the movement against segregation after World War II really began in 1947 with Jackie Robinson breaking the color barrier in baseball.

Pee Wee Reese

Reese was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a shortstop for the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers. Reese was a strong supporter and good friend of the first ever black Major League Baseball player, Jackie Robinson.

Branch Ricky

Ricky was an American Baseball player and Sports executive famous for braking the color barrier in Baseball.

Montreal Royals

Robinson First played on the Montreal Royals, after showing his skills was moved to the Brooklyn Dodgers.

Brooklyn Dodgers

Robinson broke the baseball color line when the Brooklyn Dodgers started him at first base on April 15, 1947.

Stan "The Man" Musial

Stan was an American baseball outfielder and first baseman. He spent 22 seasons in Major League Baseball playing for the St. Louis Cardinals, from 1941 to 1944 and 1946 to 1963. The boys — eight white, two black, including Buddy Griffey of the Donora Griffeys — walked out. In 1947, he declined to strike when some teammates babbled about not taking the field against Jackie Robinson.

Negro Leagues

The Negro leagues United States professional baseball leagues comprising teams predominantly made up of African Americans and, to a lesser extent, Latin Americans.

Leo Durocher

Was an American professional baseball player, manager and coach. He played in Major League Baseball as an infielder. Durocher was, in fact, in charge of the Brooklyn Dodgers during the early spring of 1947, before Robinson was to join the team, thereby integrating the Major Leagues.

Bobby Bragen

Was an American shortstop, catcher, manager, and coach in Major League Baseball. He also was an influential executive in minor league baseball. Bobby Bragan's playing career was being a teammate of Jackie Robinson while they were both with the Brooklyn Dodgers.

Wendell Smith

Wendell Smith was an African American sportswriter who was influential in the choice of Jackie Robinson to become the first African American player in Major League Baseball in the 20th century.