US History Since 1877
Anti-Chinese sentiment, particularly on the west coast, led to the passage of the federal Chinese Exclusion Act in_________, which was the first federal law to restrict the immigration of free people based solely on race and class. The law was renewed periodically, and it was not until 1943 that barriers to Chinese immigration were removed. Chinese were not the only group targeted; "nativists" in this time period promoted exclusion of other groups. -1883 -1882 -1888 -1884
1882
In this year, _______, the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad declared bankruptcy, which set off a financial crisis that to that date was the worst economic depression the US had ever experienced. Unemployment hit 20%. The financial crisis caused unrest across the nation, and many unemployed marched on Washington, DC, to insist that the government provide people meaningful work. -1893 -1882 -1894 -1889 -1891
1893
In the wake of the Panic of 1893, many Americans were dissatisfied with the existing two-party political structure, and some turned to populism and other third-party organizations. Presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan would represent the poor and working class in the election of ________, which pitted him against pro-gold standard Republican William McKinley. McKinley would win the election. -1882 -1883 -1896 -1893
1896
In this year, _______________, the Supreme court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson ruled that "separate but equal" racial segregation was constitutional. -1898 -1882 -1893 -1896
1896
In this year, ________, the US went to war with Spain, and subsequently became a world power and imperialist nation. -1896 -1888 -1882 -1898 -1899
1898
According to our textbook, the ____________________ (passed in 1882) is considered to be the first US law to exclude a group of people based on race and class. -Civil Service Reform -Chinese Exclusion Act -Federal Reserve Act
Chinese Exclusion Act
According to our textbook, the phrase ________________ refers to the increased professionalization of federal and other government workers. -Conspicuous Consumption -Civil Service Reform -laissez-faire
Civil Service Reform
According to one of our lectures, ____________________________ increased amongst wealthy and middle class Americans in the late 1800s. -Hysteria -Conspicuous consumption -Athletes foot -trench warfare -riots
Conspicuous consumption
According to our textbook, black migrants to the West in the late 1800s were often called _________________, as they were making their exodus from the South in search of a haven from racism and poverty. -Okies -Seminoles -Exodusters, because they were making their exodus from the South -Muscogees -fifty-niners
Exodusters, because they were making their exodus from the South
The _________________________ of 1877 was caused when company leaders cut wages of employees. It is important because it illustrates the sorts of tensions that were common between labor and "big business" in the industrializing US. -Haymarket riot -Knights of Labor Convention -tariff -monopoly -Great Railroad Strike
Great Railroad Strike
The US annexed which nation (and future state!) with the support of sugar plantation owners and against the wishes of its native citizens? -South Carolina -Cuba -Florida -The Philippines -Texas -Hawaii
Hawaii
A major spokesperson for the New South was: -Phil Robertson -Henry W. Grady -Edmund Ruffin -Kermit Ruffins -Honey Boo Boo -C. Vann Woodward
Henry W. Grady
Who most likely said the following? "If equality, political, economic, and social, is the boon of other men in this great country of ours, then equality, political, economic, and social, is what we demand." -Henry Grady -John Hope -Homer Plessy -Booker T. Washington
John Hope
Which photographer documented child labor practices for the NCLC in the Progressive era? -Lilian Wald -Jane Addams -Lewis Hine -Annie Leibovitz -Ansel Adams
Lewis Hine
The following quotation is most likely from which document? "The capitalist system must be overthrown, class rule abolished and wage-slavery supplanted by cooperative industry." -The New South (1886, Henry Grady) -Preamble to the Constitution of the Knights of Labor (1878) -Outlook for Socialism in the United States (1900, Eugene Debs) -Atlanta Compromise (1895, Booker T. Washington)
Outlook for Socialism in the United States (1900, Eugene Debs)
As explained in our main textbook, the U.S. intervened in a conflict between Colombia and which country so that it might get a highly desirable canal connecting the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico? -Cuba -Haiti -Nicaragua -Panama -Dominican Republic
Panama
The following excerpt likely came from which primary source? "We earnestly condemn the policy of the present National Administration in the Philippines. It seeks to extinguish the spirit of 1776 in those islands. We deplore the sacrificed of our soldiers and sailors, whose bravery deserves admiration even in an unjust war." -William McKinley's Declaration of War (1898) -Platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League (1899) -Albert J. Beveridge's "The March of the Flag" (which was read before Congress) (1900) -The Platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League (1899) -one of John Hay's Open Door Notes regarding trade in China (1899-1900) -The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1904)
Platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League (1899)
The declaration that the U.S. had no intent of annexing Cuba during the war with Spain was known as the -Free Cuba Clause -"money question" -Anglo-Saxon Pact -Taft-Katsura Agreement -Teller Amendment
Teller Amendment
Which group spoke against American annexation of other countries and peoples? -The Committee to Elect Theodore Roosevelt (CETR) -The American Anti-Imperialist League -Editorialists at the New York Journal -Tammany Hall -The Evangelical Union of the Philippine Islands
The American Anti-Imperialist League
There are a number of events that (together) illustrate tensions and conflict between labor and "big business" in the late 1800s. They include all of the following EXCEPT: -The Pullman strike of 1894 -The Homestead Steel strike of 1892 -The Haymarket Riot of 1886 -The Great Locomotive Chase of 1862 -The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
The Great Locomotive Chase of 1862
The 1896 presidential campaign is considered by many to be the first modern presidential campaign, in part because -it used yard signs and attack ads -it used "jingles" on radio ads and mailers promoting the party platform -donors paid significant amounts of money to be appointed to political positions -The Republican Party raised a significant amount of money and the organization operated deliberately and efficiently to deliver votes to McKinley
The Republican Party raised a significant amount of money and the organization operated deliberately and efficiently to deliver votes to McKinley
The idea that the U.S. was justified in intervening in Latin American nations to prevent Europeans from doing so (for example, to force nations to pay debts) was known as the -The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine -Big Stick Diplomacy -Dollar Diplomacy -The Open Door Policy -The Debt Collection Policy
The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
While Woodrow Wilson was considered to be a progressive President, he showed little concern about the discrimination and violence faced by African Americans. He also supported racial segregation in part because he believed that "separate but equal" was an effective way to solve racial tensions. True or False
True
Which event occurred later in time? -W.E.B. Du Bois's statement on women's suffrage (which you read in _For the Record_) -The launch of the Spanish-American war
W.E.B. Du Bois's statement on women's suffrage (which you read in _For the Record_)
In the 1890s, farmers often supported the free coinage of silver, in part because -silver was often mined on their farmland -many of their implements were made of silver, and thus they could be cashed if need be -it would increase inflation and thus would increase the value of their crops and reduce their debts -they associated railroads and exploitative banks with gold
it would increase inflation and thus would increase the value of their crops and reduce their debts
_________________ is a French phrase meaning "let them do as they will." It refers to government not having any involvement in businesses during the Industrial Era, which in turn led to monopolies and "big businesses" being formed. -Cliché -Déjà Vu -laissez-faire -Bon appétit
laissez-faire
The term _________________ refers to southern and eastern European immigrants who came to America in the late 1800s to early 1900s and tended to settle in cities. -great migration -new immigrants -migration -immigrants of the south
new immigration
If the new immigrants that arrived in the US after 1890 were from southern and eastern Europe, the old immigrants tended to be primarily from -east Asia -Mexico -South America -Hawaii (which wasn't yet a state) -northern and western Europe
northern and western Europe
If I gave you and your family jobs as janitors in city hall after you helped get out the vote in my run for Mayor of Dr Landsopolis, what is that an example of? -stupidity -exchange rate -inflation -Mugwumpery -patronage -the money question -goldbugs
patronage
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, the term nativists referred to -people who believed that Anglo-Saxon Americans were superior to southern and eastern European newcomers -organizations that promoted the rights and history of Native Americans -business leaders opposed to the exclusion of Chinese -politicians and businessmen who promoted the annexation of territories that would provide low-wage labor
people who believed that Anglo-Saxon Americans were superior to southern and eastern European newcomers
In the late 1800s, the South experienced major increases in the production of all of the following areas EXCEPT: -tobacco products -lumber -plastics -coal -textiles
plastics
Promoters of the New South wanted the region to, among other things, -process its own raw materials -keep its women close to home -get back to basics and avoid rapid technological change -eliminate scientific agriculture
process its own raw materials
The ______________Era was a period of social activism and political reform. ___________sought to eliminate social problems caused by rapid industrialization and urbanization as well as corruption in government. They also sought to expand democracy by expanding political participation and instituting political reforms. -progressive; progressives -sharecrop; sharecroppers -income tax; tariffs
progressive; progressives
Populists in the late 1800s were primarily concerned with all of the following EXCEPT: -exploitation by railroad companies -the "money question" -prohibition of alcohol -methods to raise crop prices -direct election of senators
prohibition of alcohol
John Dewey -was primarily interested in the settlement house movement -crusaded to end birth control, and thus he was an enemy of Margaret Sanger -was largely known for his anti-temperance movement stance -promoted progressive ideas in education
promoted progressive ideas in education
The Open Door policy: -allowed a certain number of Japanese immigrants into the United States each year in return for special trading rights with Japan -was implemented after the Spanish American war and allowed Cubans to enter the U.S. without restriction -proposed that foreign powers keep the China trade open to all nations on an equal basis -pledged economic aid to struggling Latin American republics -closed Chinese immigration except for spouses and children of men already in America
proposed that foreign powers keep the China trade open to all nations on an equal basis
The ___________ contract we read (in our For the Record book) indicates that many farmers in the post-Civil War South had to exchange their labor for access to land, seed, animals, and other farming supplies in order to eke out a living. This form of labor largely replaced slave labor on larger plantations. These _______________ often stayed in debt to landowners, and thus struggled to make any gains economically. -sharecrop; sharecroppers -exclusion; exclusionists -civil rights; activists
sharecrop; sharecroppers
The Federal Reserve Act did all of the following EXCEPT: -made currency and bank credit more elastic -created twelve federal reserve banks -lessened the power of the huge New York banks -shifted the U.S. treasury back to the gold standard -was the first major banking and currency reform in half a century
shifted the U.S. treasury back to the gold standard
According to our textbook, the Dawes Severalty Act -was intended to sever ties Native Americans had with Canada -gave individual Indians 40 acres and a mule -created the US navy -sought to "Americanize" Indians by dealing with them as individuals -declared that from that day forward, all Native Americans were US citizens
sought to "Americanize" Indians by dealing with them as individuals
By 1900, and estimated 30% of Americans living in major cities were foreign-born, with the majority of new immigrants coming from -Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi -China -western and northern Europe -southern and eastern Europe -Ireland
southern and eastern Europe
Theodore Roosevelt's ______ featured _________ of corporations, enhanced ___________ of natural resources, and regulations to protect _____________ against contaminated food and medications. -square deal; control; conservation; consumers -social contract; control; control; consumers -square deal; consumers; control; consumers
square deal; control; conservation; consumers
Why did the United States fight a war in the Philippines after the Spanish-American War? -to quell an insurrection of Filipinos who opposed annexation by the United States -to oust the remaining Spanish forces from the island that had refused to evacuate -to stop Japan from annexing the islands -to defeat the Boxer Rebellion -because it was a "new frontier"
to quell an insurrection of Filipinos who opposed annexation by the United States
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, the US sometimes used politics and military strength -to prevent the spread of child labor -to ensure women worldwide had the right to vote -to stabilize areas or countries in which it had an economic interest -to build nuclear power plants in what were known as "energy deserts"
to stabilize areas or countries in which it had an economic interest
From 1877 to about 1900, racial segregation -decreased, in part because laws enforced racial equality -was enforced by the Ku Klux Klan, as Congress was not allowed to create unjust laws -was increasingly enforced by laws and not just by custom (or informal practice) -was finally outlawed in the U.S.
was increasingly enforced by laws and not just by custom (or informal practice)
According to some scholars, Frank Baum's The Wizard of Oz -represented a critique of the sharecropping and tenant farming system -criticized the "conspicuous consumption" that marked the Gilded Age -represented the New South, with Oz representing Atlanta Constitution editor Henry Grady -was intended as commentary on the election of 1896
was intended as commentary on the election of 1896
Among other things, the late 1800s... -was marked by bitter conflict between large corporations and organized labor -was a period of relative calm and political continuity -was considered to be a period of "technological depression," when few new inventions were produced or marketed -was a period in which most Americans rejected wealth and material goods and embraced a "back to the farm" movement
was marked by bitter conflict between large corporations and organized labor
After the Civil War, in the US South, the slave-dependent plantation economy -was replaced by an economy wholly dependent on textile mills -shifted to the production of high-grade textiles such as silk -was gradually replaced by the space industry, which became the number one industry in the region -was replaced by a plantation economy that depended on tenants and sharecroppers -gave way to an economy based on conspicuous consumption of furs, jewels, and sports cars
was replaced by a plantation economy that depended on tenants and sharecroppers
In 1883, in what became known as the Civil Rights Cases, the court ruled that -separate but equal facilities were allowable according to the US constitution -plantation owners could collect debts from tenant and sharecropping farmers -schools must desegregate "with all deliberate speed" -while state governments cannot discriminate in public accommodations, individuals could
while state governments cannot discriminate in public accommodations, individuals could
"Georgia - It shall be unlawful for a __________ person to marry anyone except a white person. Any marriage in violation of this section shall be void. "The above is an example of a ____________ law - a law that discriminates against a person of color. Such laws were named after a black character in a minstrel show and spread through many cities and states in the US in the late 1800s. -black; jim crow -white; jim crow -white; civil rights black; civil rights
white; Jim crow
Which person is could be described as a spokesman for labor rights in the late 1800s? -Henry Grady -Homer Plessy -Frederick Jackson Turner -Samuel Gompers -John Hope -Andrew Carnegie
Samuel Gompers
The following most likely appeared in what? "The Opposition tells us that we ought not to govern a people without their consent. I answer, The rule of liberty that all just government derives its authority from the consent of the governed, applies only to those who are capable of self-government." -William McKinley's Declaration of War (1898) -Platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League (1899) -Albert J. Beveridge's "The March of the Flag" (which was read before Congress) (1900) -The Platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League (1899) -one of John Hay's Open Door Notes regarding trade in China (1899-1900) -The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1904)
Albert J. Beveridge's "The March of the Flag" (which was read before Congress) (1900)
1912 is considered by some to be the peak of progressivism because -Good government initiatives had spread to all states -All the major presidential candidates that year adopted progressive platforms -The beginning of the Great War effectively ended all progressive activities -The Great Society began that year
All the major presidential candidates that year adopted progressive platforms
When John Hope criticized The Atlanta Compromise, he was criticizing the ideas of___________________________ -Jane Addams -Ida B. Wells -Booker T. Washington -Samuel Gompers -Henry W. Grady
Booker T. Washington
Which of the following men recommended that African Americans throw down their bucket and focus on economic development and self-improvement? -Henry Grady -John Hope -Homer Plessy -Booker T. Washington
Booker T. Washington
____________ said that "In all things that are purely social we can be as _________________, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress." The statement reflects his accommodationist approach to race relations. -Booker T. Washington; separate as the fingers -John Hope; together as one -Ida B. Wells; separate as the hands -Samuel Gompers; together as the fingers
Booker T. Washington; separate as the fingers
According to our textbook, the black journalist and anti-discrimination activist ___________________ crusaded against lynching in the late 1800s. -Booker T. Washington -Martin Luther King Jr. -Ida B. Wells -Frederick Jackson Turner
Ida B. Wells
According to our textbook ________________________________ argued that the taming and settling of the frontier was fundamental to shaping the American character. Because the frontier had been tamed by about 1890, one could make the case that American character would be different after that point. -Booker T. Washington -Frederick Jackson Turner -Ida B. Wells -Martin Luther King Jr.
Frederick Jackson Turner
According to our textbook, the term Mugwumps referred to a group that was against government reform. They believed that political support should result in jobs, payments, or other direct benefits to voters. True or False
False
By the 1880s, most states had outlawed child labor. True or False
False
Due to high cotton prices, many sharecroppers were able to save money and buy farms. True or False
False
In the late 1800s, political corruption was rare, and large corporations could no longer use their money to influence politics. True or False
False
It was clear at the time that the Spanish blew up the battleship Maine. True or False
False
Progressives generally believed government should not interfere with big business. True or False
False
The Haymarket affair was a peaceful protest against the use of child labor. True or False
False
Theodore Roosevelt's administration decreased the power of the presidency and decreased the ability of the federal government to control big business. True or False
False
In the "Gilded Age," wealthy and upper middle class Americans pursued lavish lifestyles. The hotel ______________________ is an example of the new urban architecture that represented conspicuous consumption of that period. -Holiday Inn, Motel Six, etc -tenements -Housing
Four Seasons, Motel Six, Holiday Inn, Waldorf Astoria, Watergate
According to our textbook, in the late 1800s, a series of conflicts between Native Americans and the US known as the __________________ squelched native American resistance to American migration westward. -New Immigration -WWII -Great Migration -Indian Wars -Civil War
Indian Wars
What is "yellow journalism"? -An insult used to describe east Asian journalists in the late 1800s. -It refers to the practice of recycling yellowed newsprint during the 1890s depression. -It refers to sensationalist news coverage that was designed to sell papers -The widespread use of propaganda by the Spanish to defeat Cuba and the Philippines. -The stories written by journalists who fled war conditions for the safety of the U.S.
It refers to sensationalist news coverage that was designed to sell papers
Which progressive-era reformer used documentary photography to expose the living conditions of the poor? -Jacob Riis -Benjamin R. Tillman -Kelly Miller -Ida B. Wells -Theodore Roosevelt -W.E.B. Du Bois
Jacob Riis
Leading entrepreneurs in the growth of "big business" in the late 1800s included all of the following EXCEPT: -J.P. Morgan -Cornelius Vanderbilt -John D. Rockefeller -Jane Addams -Andrew Carnegie
Jane Addams
The following was most likely said by whom? "Wherever trades unions have organized and almost firmly organized, there are the rights of the people most respected." -Samuel Gompers -One of the men on trial for the Haymarket Affair -Andrew Carnegie -Eugene Debs -LeeAnn Lands
Samuel Gompers
In the late 1800s United States, the money problem referred to the fact that the supply of money had not increased as the economy had grown. There were debates over whether ______________ or gold should serve as the basis for the US monetary system. This would be an important question in the 1896 presidential election. -Copper -Titanium -Diamonds -Silver -Dollars
Silver
The following most likely appeared in what? "Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power." -William McKinley's Declaration of War (1898) -Platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League (1899) -Albert J. Beveridge's "The March of the Flag" (which was read before Congress) (1900) -The Platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League (1899) -one of John Hay's Open Door Notes regarding trade in China (1899-1900) -The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1904)
The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1904)
What exploded in Havana Harbor and prompted many to call for war with Spain? -A German U-boat -The U.S. battleship Maine -Small boats carrying Boxers who had fled the rebellion -Ships carrying sugar from U.S.-owned plantations in Cuba -Oil rigs
The U.S. battleship Maine
The Women's Christian Temperance Union is an example of -a Progressive-era moral reform movement -a settlement house -how some social welfare occupations became dominated by men -an organization focused on the Americanization of immigrants
a Progressive-era moral reform movement
Among other things, settlement houses promoted -education -the elimination of laws against prostitution -the election of senators by state legislatures -the elimination of the initiative, referendum, and recall
education
Cuba -is an island off the southwest coast of California -is home to a 48 mile canal that facilitates shipping between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans -is one of the Marshall Islands -is the 5th island of Poptropica -is just south of Florida
is just south of Florida
Among other things, Progressives sought to eliminate corruption in politics. True or False
True
Among other things, Progressivism exposed Americans to negative aspects of urban-industrial life (such as child labor, political corruption, overcrowded housing). True or False
True
Generally speaking, progressives believed that if Americans were aware of social problems, they would act to eliminate or diminish social problems. True or False
True
Which event occurred later in time? -The end of the U.S. Civil War -The destruction of the battleship Maine
The destruction of the battleship Maine (1898)
In the late 1800s, some Americans disagreed with the US's growing imperialist tendencies. True or False
True
Most Americans experienced a rising standard of living in the late nineteenth century. True or False
True
Progressives believed that the government had a larger role to play in promoting the "public good." True or False
True
The 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court ruling allowed states to continue requiring separate "but equal" facilities for blacks and whites. True or False
True
Progressive President ___________faced backlash from southern whites when he invited __________________to the White House to discuss presidential appointments in the South. -Theodore Roosevelt; Booker T. Washington -Theodore Roosevelt; Jane Addams -Woodrow Wilson; Booker T. Washington -Woodrow Wilson; Ida B. Wells
Theodore Roosevelt; Booker T. Washington
One reason the United States went to war against Spain was that: -There was strong support among the American people for going to war -The Anti-imperialist League spent thousands of dollars on a newspaper campaign that promoted war -Cuban cigar manufacturers in Florida insisted that war was necessary to protect their markets -The U.S. wanted a canal that would connect the Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Mexico -The "corollary to the Monroe Doctrine" governed U.S. foreign policy at the time
There was strong support among the American people for going to war
One of the New South's most significant industrial accomplishments in the late 1800s was its expansion of _____________________ . -interstates, which allowed the region to move goods more quickly -Delta Airlines -the music industry -the film industry -the textile industry
the textile industry
It was common to see _________________ working in factories in the late 1800s. They contributed to family incomes (which were low because wages were low and workers were often laid-off without warning), but they also were at significant risk of injury and loss of life. -dogs -children -Ivy-league educated business leaders -members of the Rockefeller family -politicians
children
Corruption was rampant in late 1800s, and consequently many Americans demanded that corporations be regulated and that the government ____________________________, which helped encourage the professionalization of federal workers. -Chinese exclusion act -civil service reform -federal reserve act
civil service reform
Which of the following persons was a US president as our country debated imperialism and expansionism? -Andrew Carnegie -John Hay -Albert Beveridge -William McKinley -Frederick Jackson Turner -Henry Grady -Booker T. Washington
William McKinley
The following most likely appeared in what? "Fourth, and which is of the utmost importance. The present condition of affairs in Cuba is a constant menace to our peace and entails upon this Government an enormous expense." -William McKinley's Declaration of War (1898) -Platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League (1899) -Albert J. Beveridge's "The March of the Flag" (which was read before Congress) (1900) -The Platform of the American Anti-Imperialist League (1899) -one of John Hay's Open Door Notes regarding trade in China (1899-1900) -The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine (1904)
William McKinley's Declaration of War (1898)
In ______________________, a single business controls much of its particular industry. In the late 1800s, business leaders sometimes ruthlessly attempted to take control of entire industries. -vertical integration -an interlocking directorate -Keynesian economic theory -a monopoly -the Bessemer converter
a monopoly
According to our textbook, the Mississippi Plan was -a plan for the deep South to again try to secede from the US -a series of constitutional amendments that took voting rights from African Americans -odd in that other states did not follow Mississippi's lead -a plan to institute separate but equal educational facilities -a violent form of racial supremacy imposed primarily by the Ku Klux Klan
a series of constitutional amendments that took voting rights from African Americans
In the US South, by 1900, an estimated 70 percent of farmers did not own the land they worked. Rather, they worked under ________________________ -a large shed where they processed food -a system known as the Mississippi Plan -multiple sets of regulations known as tariff reform -Granger laws -a system whereby they rented the land and went into debt to purchase seed and other supplies
a system whereby they rented the land and went into debt to purchase seed and other supplies
The Philippines -are East of the United States -are in the Pacific Ocean -are about 95 miles south of Florida -are an "indie" rock band that became popular in the late 1800s -became the 41st state in the U.S.
are in the Pacific Ocean
The __________________________ is important to what we're studying because it transformed how quickly and cheaply steel could be made in the late 1800s, and steel was an important building material in that period. It also illustrates how important rapid technological change was to US industrialization and economic growth in that period. -Bessemer converter -catalytic converter -open hearth process -Ronco pocket fisherman -gasoline-powered automobile
bessemer converter
Among other things, the post-Civil War South suffered from a shortage of: -capital -labor -cotton -domestic help -water (which caused the tri-state water wars between Alabama, Georgia, and Florida)
capital
The Columbian Exposition was held to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Columbus's landing in the Americas. Among other things, the expo -celebrated US achievements -was unusual in that it welcomed all peoples, no matter what race or ethnicity -was criticized for ignoring larger global concerns -was a huge flop because it failed to provide non-educational entertainment -featured a large anti-lynching exhibit
celebrated US achievements
All of the following statements are reasons why child labor was problematic EXCEPT: -child laborers took well-paying jobs from legal immigrants -child laborers often received no education -children suffered three times as many accidents as adults -a child working in a textile mill was only half as likely to reach the age of twenty as a child outside a mill -the few child labor laws that existed were rarely enforced and often ignored
child laborers took well-paying jobs from legal immigrants
Progressive era reforms -were unsuccessful in expanding democratic practices -did not improve the lives of Americans -effectively ended the "laissez faire" idea that government had no role in protecting public welfare by regulating the economy -are important because they finally established that Congress had the power to declare war, not the president -primarily focused on how the U.S. could improve relations with its former adversaries (including other imperialist nations)
effectively ended the "laissez faire" idea that government had no role in protecting public welfare by regulating the economy
As a result of the Spanish-American War, the United States: -acquired Cuba as a colony -emerged as a world, imperial power -suffered a huge financial strain and went into a depression -acquired Alaska -was sanctioned by the United Nations
emerged as a world, imperial power
Woodrow Wilson helped push through the 16th amendment to the US Constitution which -established an income tax, which helped make up for revenue lost by the elimination of many tariffs on imported goods -established that the government could no longer require tariffs on imported goods solely to protect American businesses from foreign competition -created a national banking system with 12 regional districts, each with a Federal Reserve Bank (like the one in Midtown Atlanta) -declared that labor unions were not "monopolies in restraint of trade" and prohibited corporate directors from serving on the boards of competing companies -established a body that could determine what constituted "unfair trade practices" and could issue cease and desist orders it found companies guilty of unfair trade practices
established an income tax, which helped make up for revenue lost by the elimination of many tariffs on imported goods
The muckrakers saw their primary objective as: -converting Americans to socialism -achieving voting rights for all people -enlarging government -exposing social problems to the public -increasing literacy
exposing social problems to the public
In the late 1800s, farmers organized politically in part because -farm income was dropping, money was scarce, and farmers felt exploited by railroads and banks -the federal government had assigned all land west of the Mississippi to native Americans -in 1877, the federal government halted all migration west and forbade any further railroad building -they opposed the Pendleton Civil Service Act
farm income was dropping, money was scarce, and farmers felt exploited by railroads and banks
The growing numbers of immigrants to the U.S. in the late 1800s... -fed U.S. industry's need for speakers of German and Celtic -fed U.S. industry's need for unskilled and skilled workers -reduced the use of child labor, and the use of children in factories was eliminated without legal means -meant that all U.S. land was settled by 1893 -directly resulted in the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
fed U.S. industry's need for unskilled and skilled workers
The Farmers Alliance and the subsequent People's Party were demanding -greater government intervention in and regulation of the economy -reduced government interference in farmers' lives -that producers get less return for their work -laissez faire
greater government intervention in and regulation of the economy
According to our textbook, residents of tenement houses in New York City: -were highly sought after by the wealthy elite, which pushed rental prices up -were urban, yet their courtyards offered children a sense of nature -had higher mortality rates than among the general population -were considered to be a new and progressive housing option for workers -usually had two to three families in each building
had higher mortality rates than among the general population
The business practice of __________________________ can lead to a monopoly in the industry, which is when one specific company holds all the business in said industry. Because the company that has a monopoly over the business has no competition, they have nobody to check and balance them, and can essentially do as they please. This is an important term due to the fact that during the Industrial Age, monopolies were extremely common. -industrialize -horizontal integration -vertical integration -integration
horizontal integration
Woodrow Wilson served as President of the United States -in the late 1800s -in the early 1900s -right before Theodore Roosevelt -as soon as Reconstruction ended -after southerners were allowed to be President again
in the early 1900s
The 16th Amendment to the US Constitution is considered a progressive reform in that it established an_____________. It helped make up for revenue lost by the elimination of___________ on imported goods. Progressives believed that a "graduated" tax (i.e., one in which tax rates rise as income levels rise) would help reduce income inequality, or at least slow the concentration of wealth in the hands of the richest Americans. -sharecrop; sharecroppers -income tax; tariffs -progressive; progressives
income tax; tariffs
Proponents of the New South believed that the South should: -eliminate agriculture -form a separate nation -industrialize -be dominated by planter aristocrats -legalize the production and sale of corn whisky -encourage immigration of cheap labor
industrialize
The examples of Jim Crow laws we looked at in the module indicate that -"separate but equal" had been achieved in most schools in the deep South -states implemented racial segregation laws that called for the separation of races in a variety of facilities -whites were really only concerned about intermarriage between the races; they were not very concerned about, for example, black presence in restaurants or other facilities -most whites openly promoted racial equality in the late 1800s and early 1900s
states implemented racial segregation laws that called for the separation of races in a variety of facilities
_________________ were typically small apartments that would be rented out, often to immigrants. These apartments would be severely overcrowded and a lot of people would attempt to live in them at once. They were often poorly constructed and unsanitary. The proliferation and popularity of this type of housing were a result of the nation's movement from an agricultural country to more of an industrial country in the late 1800s and early 1900s. -supermarkets -motels -tenements -hotels
tenements
In the Spanish-American War, the US sought to free Cuba from Spanish control, but in the process, -China "closed the door" to free trade -McKinley, who insisted on serving in the infantry, was killed -Spain regained its status as an imperialist power, a situation the upset future president Theodore Roosevelt -the US lost four additional ships -the US acquired territories, including Puerto Rico and Guam
the US acquired territories, including Puerto Rico and Guam
What historically significant document referred to President McKinley as a weak and cowardly leader and contributed to American support for a war with Spain? -The Open Door -Theodore Roosevelt's first presidential address to Congress -blamed the destruction of the battleship Maine on Spanish agents -the de Lôme letter -John Hay's secret letter to Spain's "Butcher" Weyler
the de Lôme letter
The goals of Progressive era reformers varied from person to person, but collectively these goals included all of the following EXCEPT: -increased democracy -increased efficiency -the deconcentration of economic power -the deregulation of business -social justice
the deregulation of business
All of the following were put forward as reasons for the United States annexing the Philippines EXCEPT: -the desire to Christianize the Filipinos -the need for better access to trade with China -the need to keep the Philippines from being taken over by foreign rivals -a belief that Filipinos were unfit for self-government -the desire for access to large oil and coal deposits in the Philippines
the desire for access to large oil and coal deposits in the Philippines
The 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which is considered a Progressive era achievement, allows for -the direct election of Senators -equal voting rights for African Americans -the establishment of a Federal Trade Commission, though the FTC was not immediately established -third party candidates in presidential elections -the building of the Panama Canal
the direct election of Senators
According to our textbook, one of the causes of the 1893 economic depression was -the failure of the stock market -the failure of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad -women's desire for the vote -the launch of the Civil War -President Cleveland's decision not to regulate railroads
the failure of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad
U.S. expansionism and imperialism in the late nineteenth century (i.e., late 1800s) was stimulated by all of the following EXCEPT: -an ongoing quest for markets -notions of racial superiority -the desire to Christianize other countries -American need for for raw materials -the fear that communism might advance around the globe
the fear that communism might advance around the globe
A major reason that the United States annexed the Philippines despite anti-imperialist opposition in the United States was because: -Filipino leader Emilio Aguinaldo requested annexation -the islands were located very close to China and China's potential markets -anti-imperialist William Jennings Bryan agreed to become the civil governor of the territory -American political leadership wanted to build more vacation homes on tropical islands -the U.S. wanted to exploit that country's growing production of semi-conductors and electronic products
the islands were located very close to China and China's potential markets
As a result of overcrowding, sanitation, and ventilation problems in tenements: -the mortality rate among the urban poor was much higher than the general population -the urban poor often escaped the cities to live in suburbs -the high mortality rate was the same for all urban residents regardless of class -immigration declined in the late nineteenth century -tenements were outlawed in most American cities
the mortality rate among the urban poor was much higher than the general population
The Protestant belief that Christians should help the poor in pursuit of developing a "Kingdom of God" on earth is known as -secularism -secular humanism -Catholicism -the Gospel of Wealth -the social gospel
the social gospel
