US History Study Guide Semester 1

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The Thirteenth Amendment was ratified in

1865

Where did most immigrants to the United States come from in the mid-1800s? Italy Ireland Germany Russia

Ireland and Germany

In the consumer culture of the 1920s, people purchased nonessential goods on a regular basis. people purchased only essential goods on a regular basis. people reduced their purchasing of essential goods. people reduced their purchasing of nonessential goods.

Which best explains why the United States was able to remain neutral at the outbreak of hostilities in 1914, while most of Europe went to war? The United States avoided alliances that would have forced them to participate. The United States secretly sent troops and supplies to support countries on both sides. The United States did not allow any immigration from countries involved and had no close ties. The United States lacked any military resources that would have been valuable in the war.

Which of the following reform measures could voters use against a mayor they oppose? a recall an impeachment a referendum an initiative

Which of the following upset the United States and moved it closer to entering the war? the Zimmerman Telegram restrictions on U-boat warfare the British blockade ammunition in the cargo of the Lusitania

Why was Charles Schenck arrested during World War I? for encouraging people not to serve in the military for being part of the US Socialist Party for being part of the Palmer raids for opposing the postmaster general

Women's suffrage in Arizona was granted by which reform measure? an initiative a recall a referendum a direct primary

At the battle of Wounded Knee in 1890, US Army officers tried to disarm the Sioux and then capture them. disarm the Sioux but then fired on them. persuade the Sioux to disband but could not. persuade the Sioux to leave, which they did.

Booker T. Washington believed that the best strategy to end racial segregation was for African Americans to demand that it be made illegal immediately. adapt to it as they worked to gain equality. demand that it be gradually made illegal. ignore it whenever it was encountered.

Feelings of resentment toward those who were not native citizens rose during World War I. This was known as nationalism. nativism. nation-building. naturalism.

Which reform measure could voters use if they wanted to change a law about taxes? a direct election an initiative a recall an impeachment

How did speculators take advantage of the Homestead Act? by catering to new markets by promising homesteaders a reliable link to the East by creating phony claims by preparing the land for planting

President Roosevelt created which of the following to help end the Coal Strike of 1902? a trust a jury a commission a task force

Who led the attack that became known as the Sand Creek Massacre? Black Kettle Sitting Bull Colonel John Chivington General George Custer

What was one common way that members of the temperance movement attempted to stop people from drinking alcohol? by offering people financial incentives to stop drinking alcohol by encouraging people to drink alcohol in their home only by stealing alcohol from bars and disposing of it by physically blocking the entrance to bars

Workers in factories performed highly ___ tasks all day

repetitive

A major progressive business reform that President Taft enacted was strengthening labor unions. decreasing tariffs. strengthening weaker trusts. breaking up large monopolies.

After ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment, many African Americans in the South were treated as the equals of whites. were elected to serve in federal office. avoided discrimination by taking farm jobs. were treated like they were still enslaved.

During World War I, the second phase in battles that crossed enemy lines and approached trenches was heavy bombardment. sniper fire. aerial bombing. infantry attack

During the 1925 Scopes trial, the defense's main argument was that Scopes was being discriminated against. Scopes had done nothing illegal. evolution was the latest scientific fad. evolution was scientific fact.

In the Plessy v. Ferguson decision, Supreme Court justices claimed that the Fourteenth Amendment did not protect voting rights. civil rights. political rights. social rights.

In the Scopes trial of 1925, attorney William Jennings Bryan pitted religion against the government. the Constitution. personal choice. evolutionary theory.

John Scopes, the defendant in the 1925 Scopes trial, was an attorney. a journalist. a judge. a teacher.

Liberal leaders wanted to change New Deal programs by making them smaller and less expensive. making the states responsible for them. lowering the taxes that funded them. building onto and expanding them.

The 1935 Social Security Act paid retirees a stipend based on the size of their bank accounts. the size of their economic needs. the amount of time dedicated to one job. the amount contributed to the fund while working.

Which Republican challenged Taft during his run for a second term? Richard Ballinger Gifford Pinchot Woodrow Wilson Theodore Roosevelt

Which leader in the early 1900s supported the idea that African Americans should temporarily accept inequality while working to gain job skills and obtain economic independence? William English Walling W. E. B. Du Bois Homer Plessy Booker T. Washington

Which of the following best explains what happens when consumers think the economy is struggling? People spend more, businesses produce less, and unemployment rises. People spend more, businesses produce a lot, and unemployment is low. People spend less, businesses produce too much, and unemployment is low. People spend less, businesses produce less, and unemployment rises.

Which of the following was considered unpatriotic in the United States during World War I? offering jobs to women rationing food and fuel discriminating against Germans criticizing the government

Samuel Morse invented the

telegraph

After the completion of the railroad, a major industry in the West was ranching. banking. milling. fishing.

Almost half of the new immigrants who came to the United States in the late 1800s eventually returned to their home countries. were drawn to the abundant land available. lived in Chinatowns in large cities. never learned how to speak English.

An important environmental debate in the United States in 1900 was whether to use wilderness resources. whether to ban factories in cities. whether to drill for oil offshore. whether to use coal.

In which of the following areas was Taft less progressive than Roosevelt? supporting labor unions breaking up monopolies filing anti-trust lawsuits regulating railroads

Which of the following did the Interstate Commerce Act ban in 1887? railroad pools interstate railroads steel monopolies sugar-refining monopolies

Which of the following is the correct order of key events in the Sioux conflicts? (1) Red Cloud's War(2) Treaty of Fort Laramie(3) Black Hills Gold Rush(4) Battle of Little Bighorn (1) Treaty of Fort Laramie(2) Battle of Little Bighorn(3) Red Cloud's War(4) Black Hills Gold Rush (1) Black Hills Gold Rush(2) Red Cloud's War(3) Battle of Little Bighorn(4) Treaty of Fort Laramie (1) Battle of Little Bighorn(2) Treaty of Fort Laramie(3) Black Hills Gold Rush(4) Red Cloud's War

Which of the following reforms was advocated by Theodore Roosevelt and later established by Taft? the Children's Bureau the postal savings system the Federal Reserve system women's suffrage

How did Woodrow Wilson's presidential win in 1912 set a precedent? Wilson won more of the popular vote than any previous president. Wilson won the electoral college but less than fifty percent of the popular vote. Wilson won the popular vote and lost the electoral college. Wilson won when votes were recounted after a close election.

How did critics view the judicial reform bill under Roosevelt? They thought that it would weaken the presidency and strengthen the court. They felt that it was an attempt to gain influence on the Supreme Court. They viewed it as a way to take power away from the government and give it to the people. They thought that it would bring an end to the programs created by the New Deal.

How did the Progressive Party set itself apart from the Democratic and Republican parties? The Progressive Party strongly supported the rights of businesses. The Progressive Party strongly supported women's suffrage. The Progressive Party strongly supported racial equality. The Progressive Party strongly supported the rights of immigrants.

Which best describes an unintended consequence of Prohibition? an increase in chronic illness an increase in "medicinal alcohol" a decrease in violent crime a decrease in immoral behavior

Which invention allowed the greatest personal freedom of travel? the horse-drawn trolley the automobile the elevated train the transcontinental railroad

Which of the following granted citizenship to all African Americans? the Thirteenth Amendment the Fourteenth Amendment the Reconstruction Acts the Black Codes

Which of the following groups had a political outlook similar to that of Populist farmers in the late 1800s? railroad industrialists the Knights of Labor Democratic senators Republican senators

Which of the following is a legacy of Roosevelt's environmental policies? clean air and water national parks and forests bans on deforestation bans on hunting

Which of these forms of transportation was not an innovation that used rails? the subway the automobile the elevated train the streetcar and the trolley

While consumerism during the 1920s boosted the economy, it also led to more savings. higher debt. lower debt. fewer stocks.

Who first advocated for a transcontinental railroad? Theodore Judah Asa Whitney Abraham Lincoln Congress

Look at the graph. Then answer the question.1929 Drop in Stock PricesWhich statement best explains what happened in the stock market from August to the end of October? The market increased its value. The market lost much of its value. The market totally collapsed. The market slowly inched upward.

A lasting effect of the New Deal can be seen when great numbers of young people are out of work. taxes are lowered to assist business owners. the government intervenes in a time of national crisis. certain social programs are declared unconstitutional.

A part of the consumerism cycle is that manufacturers do not advertise goods. sell goods only for cash. advertise goods. make fewer goods.

A result of Theodore Roosevelt's philosophy about conservation was the regulation of the drug industry. the creation of new railroads. the creation of national parks. the regulation of the food industry.

Because of the transcontinental railroad, which country became more accessible for trade? Mexico Canada China

Businesses and industries in the 1920s most closely followed the buying demands of government. farmers. consumers. manufacturers.

Critics thought that many officials appointed by political machines were qualified and honest. experienced and trustworthy. unqualified and corrupt. inexperienced and honest.

How did the sinking of the Lusitania in 1915 affect World War I? The United States immediately declared war on Germany. Germany continued its policy of unrestricted submarine warfare. Many Americans demanded that the United States enter the war. The United States began a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare.

What percentage of US land was given away through the Homestead Act? all 50% 10% 1%

When did Thomas Edison first make his impact on culture and society? in the second half of the 1700s in the first decade of the 1800s in the late 1800s and early 1900s in the mid-1900s

When did the "Age of Invention" begin? the mid-1700s the early 1800s the mid-1800s the early 1900s

Which area was covered under the 1862 Homestead Act? the East Coast the West Coast the Great Plains the South

Which of the following best describes William Jennings Bryan's political experience? Bryan served as the governor of Nebraska and as secretary of state. Bryan served as a US senator and as the attorney general. Bryan served as secretary of state and in the House of Representatives. Bryan served in the House of Representatives and as vice president.

Which of the following best illustrates a direct consequence of the social gospel movement? Hundreds of settlement houses opened across the United States. Social Darwinists began encouraging people not to help less-fortunate people. The Salvation Army offered different kinds of services to less-fortunate people. Protestant Christians formed groups that opposed drinking alcohol.

Which of the following did many African Americans experience after passage of the Thirteenth Amendment? a selection of jobs easy access to education lack of money and land a decrease in discrimination

Which of the following did the Sherman Antitrust Act make illegal in 1890? corporations and rate discrimination government regulation and oversight trusts and monopolies foreign trade and tariffs

Which of the following events occurred in the aftermath of General George Custer's battle with the Sioux at Little Bighorn? The Sioux demanded revenge against the US Army. The US Army surrendered and stopped fighting the Sioux. The US Army prevented the Sioux from hunting bison. The Sioux pursued US troops and pushed them to starvation.

Which of the following pieces of legislation was also known as the Wagner Act? the National Recovery Act the Social Security Act the National Labor Relations Act the Work Progress Act

Which of the following was an Omaha Platform proposal for labor reform? the end of child labor a work week limited to five days a work day limited to eight hours safer working conditions

Which was not a challenge faced by America during the start of the WWI? establishing borders with Canada and Mexico recovering from economic problems building economic ties to Latin America trading with member of both the Allied and Central powers

Why did the Interstate Commerce Commission have difficulty enforcing reforms? The courts often ruled against the commission. The commission had no power to ban rate discrimination. The commission members supported laissez-faire policies. The courts would not hear cases on interstate commerce.

Who was William Jennings Bryan? the first People's Party candidate for president the Democratic candidate for president in 1896 the first leader of the Knights of Labor organization the candidate who defeated James B. Weaver in 1892

During World War I, the increase in home gardens was an example of which of the following? campaigns to overcome shortages caused by ships being sunk civilian efforts to aid the war effort in practical ways war-industry strategies meant to lower production costs farmers' marketing campaigns focused on increasing profits

During the Gilded Age, people who worked in factories had only moderate health benefits in case of accidents. had to work long hours. had many opportunities for job promotions. were often taught new skills.

During the Second Industrial Revolution, which system of production dominated in factories? a system in which products were made slowly by hand a system in which products were made rapidly by machines a system in which products were made rapidly by hand a system in which products were made using specialized tools

During the early 1900s, which of the following movements created tension in Europe? isolationism nationalism spiritualism internationalism

How did Populists want the government to handle currency in the late 1800s? Populists wanted the government to make unlimited paper money. Populists wanted the government to make unlimited silver coins. Populists wanted the government to keep the gold standard. Populists wanted the government to limit the amount of paper money.

During the 1920s, people would buy stock on margin, which meant that they bought it on credit. paid cash for it. paid in installments. bought it on speculation.

In which of the following US cities were major immigration stations located? San Francisco and New York Philadelphia and Chicago New York and Chicago San Francisco and Philadelphia

Political machines were criticized because they placed unqualified people in public office. used tax payers money to support welfare systems. ignored the spoils system. favored fair employment practices.

Which event in the history of the Populist movement happened first? the Populist—or People's—Party was formed Bryan spoke at the Democratic convention Weaver lost his bid for the presidency the Omaha Platform was presented

How did Henry Ford affect the automobile industry? He made car production cheaper by improving the assembly line. He made car production more expensive by making more luxury cars. He made car production more expensive by mass-producing vehicles. He made car production cheaper by using customized parts.

How did Theodore Roosevelt become a party nominee in the presidential election of 1912? Roosevelt split from the Republicans and formed the Progressive Party. Roosevelt split from the Republicans and joined the Democratic Party. Roosevelt split from the Democrats and formed a new Republican party. Roosevelt split from the Democrats and formed the Populist Party.

How did the federal government use land grants in the West in the 1860s? The government gave land to the railroads to spur the development of a transcontinental railroad. The government used land grants to relocate American Indians onto reservations. The government slowed settlement of the West by withholding land grants until the Civil War was over. The government offered land grants to free African Americans after the end of the Civil War.

How did the success of individuals such as Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell change American culture? Their success encouraged people to experiment and invent new products. Their success encouraged people to start big businesses. Their success discouraged people from trying to innovate the electricity or telephone industries. Their success discouraged people from working together to create new inventions.

How does a referendum give people more influence in government? It allows people to vote to accept or reject a law. It allows people to remove an official from office. It allows people to change laws or propose new ones. It allows people to impeach an official for wrongdoing.

In 1954, the Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education overturned Plessy v. Ferguson by ruling segregation unconstitutional. stated that African American and white schools needed to be equal. upheld the Separate Car Act by ruling that segregation was legal. upheld Plessy v. Ferguson by ruling segregation constitutional.

In the 1870s, when gold was discovered in the Black Hills, the federal government first tried to: buy the territory from the American Indians. restrict all Sioux Indians to their reservation. call on the US military to resolve the issue. sign a new treaty with the area's tribal chiefs.

In the 1920s, the danger of buying stock on margin was that if the value of the stock dropped, borrowers had to make up the difference. lost ownership of the stock. could no longer speculate on stock. could no longer get credit.

In upholding Louisiana's Separate Car Act, the Supreme Court claimed that segregation was not the same as discrimination. the Fourteenth Amendment did not apply to Southern states. discrimination was necessary in order to maintain public order. segregation was unconstitutional based on the Fourteenth Amendment.

In what way was communication by telegraph an improvement over communication by mail carriage? The telegraph allowed instant communication over long distances. The telegraph used Morse code. The telegraph let messages be delivered in days instead of weeks. The telegraph carried the sounds of people's voices.

Jim Crow laws, a set of racist and discriminatory rules and regulations, were enacted starting in the mid- to late 1800s. in the South, starting in the early 1800s. in the North, starting in the early 1800s. starting after the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling

The People's Party supported fighting deflation by circulating more paper currency. more silver coins. fewer silver coins. fewer gold coins.

The conflict between the Sioux and the US military at Wounded Knee marked the beginning of the American Indian wars. the final battle in the American Indian wars. the beginning of the Ghost Dance movement. the end of the reservation system in the West.

There were few towns along the route of the railroads. Why was this a challenge? The railroads could not hire local workers. Equipment, rails, food, and even water had to be shipped long distances. The workers had no place to spend their wages.

Why were Theodore Roosevelt and his supporters disappointed in Taft's presidency? Taft was less conservative than they had hoped. Taft was less progressive than they had hoped. Taft did not pass any business reforms. Taft did not pass any social reforms.

In the early 1900s, Al Capone was a firefighter. entertainer. bootlegger. policeman.

In which area did Theodore Roosevelt fail to enact reforms? business food and drugs child labor conservation

Materials used to build the Central Pacific Railroad were shipped across North America. from west to east. around South America. from north to south.

Who founded Hull House in Chicago in 1889? Washington Gladden Lincoln Steffens Jane Addams Jacob Riis

An effect of third-party candidates, such as Theodore Roosevelt, on presidential elections is they usually win the popular vote they often help Republicans. they often help Democrats. they change outcomes of elections.

The Haymarket Riot of 1886 had a major influence on American attitudes toward which of the following? the draft the Sedition Act World War I anarchists

Which country was a member of the Central Powers? Russia Serbia Italy Ottoman Empire

The system of mass production displaced many ___ workers

highly skilled

What happened when the stock market crashed in October of 1929? Most banks panicked and bought more stocks. Most investors panicked and sold all their stocks. Most investors calmly put their money into banks. Most banks calmly invested to help the stock market.

Who held the view that businesses should regulate themselves without government oversight? liberals conservatives Huey Long Franklin Roosevelt

Why did Democratic nominee Woodrow Wilson win the presidential election of 1912? Wilson won the conservative Northern vote. Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote. Wilson won almost all the popular vote. Taft and Roosevelt split the Democratic vote.

How did automobiles affect Americans' ability to get from place to place? by making travel slower by taking away personal transportation by creating more freedom and convenience by allowing commuting for the first time

How did the end of the Civil War help the Union Pacific Railroad? It supplied the railroad with labor in the form of free African Americans. It freed the government to give more money to the Union Pacific line. It ended the labor shortage, as war veterans went to work on the railroad. It encouraged more people to travel the railroad to settle in the West.

In the 1800s, an important push factor for "new" immigrants was low unemployment rates. low poverty rates. high unemployment rates. high wage rates.

Look at the chart.YearApproximate Number of Settlement Houses in the US19001001910400Which conclusion does the chart support? Acculturation and Americanization programs began offering new services between 1900 and 1910. Acculturation and Americanization programs attracted the same number of people between 1900 and 1910. Acculturation and Americanization programs became more popular between 1900 and 1910. Acculturation and Americanization programs became less popular between 1900 and 1910.

Political machines were likely to approve public work projects for companies that were qualified. were anti-union. promised their votes. promised good discounts.

President Franklin Roosevelt's judicial reform bill would have allowed him to reject a Supreme Court decision by protesting to Congress. decide which laws the Supreme Court could review. appoint as many as six additional Supreme Court justices. reapprove each of the nine current Supreme Court justices.

Which reform measure could voters use to approve an amendment to their state constitution? an initiative an impeachment a referendum a direct election

A similarity between Ellis Island and Angel Island is that both served immigrants of mostly European descent. served immigrants of mostly Asian descent. detained immigrants for weeks or months. required that immigrants pass health inspections.

During 1915 and 1917, U-boats attacked not only enemy ships but also troops stationed close to shore. cities near the shoreline. German submarines. commercial supply ships.

How did the Central Pacific and Union Pacific railroad companies profit from constructing the railroad? by selling railroad lines back to the government at a profit by owning businesses in the towns that developed along the railroad by building railroad monopolies and continually raising prices by selling pieces of land granted to them to build the railroad

One fraudulent strategy that speculators engaged in was selling public land to American Indians of the plains. promising homesteaders a reliable link to the East. building several structures on a parcel of land to rent out. building tiny structures on land to meet the requirements.

Why were some Serbians and Bosnians angry with Austria-Hungary in 1914? Austria-Hungary had taken over Bosnia and dominated Serbia. Austria-Hungary refused to trade with either country. Austria-Hungary would not allow religious freedom in either country. Austria-Hungary wanted to build a railroad through the center of both countries.

What did the Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 do? Check all of the boxes that apply. Established the Union Pacific Railroad Established the Central Pacific Railroad Gave livestock to railroad companies Gave loans and land to railroad companies Decided where the railroad would meet in the middle

a, b, d

Why did the Dakota Sioux attack settlements in Minnesota in 1862?Check each of the reasons that supports what you've learned. Government officials withheld cash and food that was promised the Dakota. The Dakota were not given enough food and faced starvation. Dakota leaders wanted to aid the Confederates in the Civil War. Many Dakota resented settlers for taking their land and confining them to a reservation.

a, b, d

After ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, how many African Americans served in Congress in the late 1800s? less than five about twenty more than fifty about one hundred

Conservative Republicans wanted to use tariffs to protect American industry from interstate competition. foreign competition. immigrant laborers. unskilled laborers.

During World War I, if an artist published an editorial cartoon criticizing the American entry into the war, that artist was guilty of espionage. sedition. deportation. anarchy.

Following the 1896 presidential election, the two major political parties both approached William Jennings Bryan to join them. adopted much of the People's Party's platform. rejected the notion of both free silver and bimetallism. denounced much of the Populist Party's platform.

France joined the Triple Entente because it had a long history of friendship with Great Britain. it needed protection from Germany. its leaders wanted to take over land in the Balkans. its leaders wanted to protect French colonies in Africa.

How did European nations compete for power in the years before World War I? by invading each other by establishing overseas colonies by declaring war on the United States by drilling offshore for oil and natural gas

The main reason alcohol abuse caught the attention of the public in the early 1900s was an increase in the number of men expressing concern about alcohol. concern for improving cleanliness and hygiene in cities. concern by young families for improving their lives. the negative social effects of excessive drinking.

When did Lincoln propose the Thirteenth Amendment? before the outbreak of the Civil War at the conclusion of the Civil War prior to the Emancipation Proclamation during his 1864 presidential campaign

Which country directly supported the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand in 1914? the United States Germany France Serbia

Which event contributed to the rise of anti-immigrant, anti-socialist, and anti-anarchist feelings in the United States in the years during and just after World War I? the passage of the Espionage Act in 1917 the arrest of Sacco and Vanzetti in 1920 the limitation of Chinese immigrants in 1917 the outbreak of the Russian Revolution in 1917

Which of the following best describes William Jennings Bryan's political life following the 1896 election? After defeating McKinley, Bryan served as the president. After defeating McKinley, Bryan served as senator. After losing to McKinley, Bryan retired from politics. After losing to McKinley, Bryan ran for president twice more.

Which of the following is a reason why many immigrants settled in cities? Immigrants came to farm and raise livestock and needed land. Immigrants were detained in their city of entry and chose to stay there. Immigrants came from cities and therefore settled in them. Immigrants stayed where there were jobs and other people who shared their culture.

Taft's passage of the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act created a problem for Roosevelt progressives because: it did little to lower taxes. it raised taxes. it was not progressive enough. it did not help business.

What does the Fourteenth Amendment provide? Check all of the boxes that apply. Equality under the law for all citizens Citizenship for African Americans The right to vote for African Americans Emancipation of enslaved people A guarantee of due process of law

1, 2, 5

How did mass production change the way products were created?Check all of the boxes that apply. Skilled workers were less necessary. Factories took longer to create products. Factories needed more skilled workers. Fewer tasks needed to be done by hand. Inventions made production less time consuming.

1, 4, 5

Read each statement and decide whether it applies to Ellis Island, Angel Island, or both. Most immigrants were from China or another Asian nation Immigrants had to pass health inspections before being admitted to the United States. Immigrants could be denied entry or sent back to their home countries.

Angel Island, both, both

For each statement, select whether it is true of the Central Pacific Railroad, the Union Pacific Railroad, or both. It began in Nebraska. It began in California. It went through the Sierra Nevada. It went through the Rocky Mountains.

Union Pacific; Central Pacific; Central Pacific; Union Pacific

A difference between Ellis Island and Angel Island was that many immigrants who passed through Angel Island were detained for long periods. many immigrants who passed through Ellis Island were detained for long periods. many immigrants who arrived at Angel Island underwent medical examinations and interrogations. many immigrants who arrived at Ellis Island underwent medical examinations and interrogations.

A direct result of the Newlands Reclamation Act was the building and managing of irrigation systems. supporting of irrigation systems, with fees. sale of public land to pay for irrigation systems. creation of suitable areas for farming or ranching.

After ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, voting rights could not be denied based on race. voting rights could not be denied based on gender. poll taxes became illegal and unconstitutional. literacy tests became illegal and unconstitutional.

Between 1915 and 1917, how did the strategies the Germans used at sea differ from those of the Allied Powers? Germany attacked nonmilitary ships and those of the United States, a country not involved in the war. Germany refused to stop their attacks despite complaints from the United States and other neutral countries. Germany included the use of submarines in the types of boats used to attack enemy ships. Germany used their submarines and other military ships for both commercial and military purposes.

During the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt, how did the US government protect businesses? by breaking up a railroad trust by passing the Meat Inspection Act by ending child labor by passing the Newlands Reclamation Act

How did Theodore Roosevelt earn the Congressional Medal of Honor? by leading a successful cavalry charge against the Spanish by serving as secretary of defense by winning an important battle during the Civil War by serving as assistant secretary of the navy

How did the Second New Deal create a way for workers to exercise their rights in the workplace? through the passage of the 1935 National Labor Relations Act through the passage of the 1935 National Social Security Act through the establishment of the Works Progress Administration through the establishment of the National Recovery Administration

How did the Supreme Court frustrate Roosevelt's New Deal legislation? by declaring parts of it unconstitutional by suspending funds for Social Security by suggesting a judicial reform bill by bringing six new justices to the court

In 1892, the first national convention of the People's Party was held in Omaha, Nebraska. San Francisco, California. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. San Antonio, Texas.

Jim Crow laws were designed to prevent African Americans from gaining equality. support the Plessy v. Ferguson decision. uphold the Fourteenth Amendment. help Africans Americans gain equality

One modern town that was originally built to serve the railroads was Cheyenne. San Francisco. New York. Omaha.

Progressive and conservative Republicans disagreed on which of the following in the early 1900s? the role of US government the role of foreign governments the importance of trade the importance of freedom

Read Mrs. Z. A. Parker's observations from 1890."[T]hey raised their eyes to heaven, their hands clasped high above their heads, and stood straight and perfectly still, invoking the power of the Great Spirit to allow them to see and talk with their people who had died...They would go as fast as they could, their hands moving from side to side..."In this quotation, Parker is describing the ritualized movements of Sioux Indians during a Ghost Dance ceremony. the horrified response of Cheyenne Indians after the Sand Creek Massacre. the celebratory reaction to the signing of the Treaty of Fort Laramie. the anger and fear of white settlers following the Battle of Little Bighorn.

Read the quotation from Booker T. Washington's 1895 Atlanta Compromise Speech.In the great leap from slavery to freedom . . . the masses of us are to live by the production of our hands . . . we shall prosper . . . as we learn to dignify and glorify common labor.According to this quotation, Washington believed that hard work had its own kind of dignity. hard work was not more important than education. people could not prosper from common labor. people had to prosper in order to achieve freedom.

Read the quotation from Dr. Oswald P. Bronson recalling his childhood under Jim Crow. Even on our way to school some days, men would come by and throw oranges at us, sometimes rock perhaps. We [also] were very much aware of police brutality in that city at that time. We were conscious of the Ku Klux Klan riding around the town to keep everybody in check.In this quotation, Dr. Bronson is describing intimidation, scare tactics, and violence perpetrated by both the police and the Ku Klux Klan against African American citizens. how the police protected African American citizens from intimidation, scare tactics, and violence perpetrated by the Ku Klux Klan. conflicts between the police and the Ku Klux Klan that caused violence in the city he lived in. how residents protected each other from the Ku Klux Klan and the police in the city he lived in.

The Homestead Act helped thousands of settlers. had little impact on American Indians. was dismissed by some speculators. disposed of poor quality land only.

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was founded based largely on the beliefs of W. E. B. Du Bois. Booker T. Washington. John Marshall Harlan. Homer Plessy.

When World War I was beginning in Europe, the United States was trading profitably with the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance. the Triple Entente and the Concert of Europe. the Triple Alliance and Concert of Europe. the Concert of Europe and the Central Powers.

The circle graph shows US population incomes in 1890.US Population Incomes, 1890What does the graph show about the distribution of income during the late 1800s? Most people were in the low income bracket and only a few earned large incomes. Most people were in the high income bracket and only a few had low incomes. The entire population earned low incomes. The entire population earned high incomes.

The court case Plessy v. Ferguson challenged the legality of racially segregated facilities. scare tactics to enforce Jim Crow laws. racially segregated housing. "separate but equal" schools.

The final battle in the American Indian wars occurred at Wounded Knee. Little Bighorn. Sand Creek. Pike's Peak.

The main goal of the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 was to limit the number of immigrants from a given country. restrict the immigration of Asians to the United States. ban immigration between the years of 1901 and 1921. end immigration from Germany.

The massacre at Sand Creek was an attack by a Colorado militia on peaceful American Indians. a Colorado militia on a group of Dakota warriors. American Indians on peaceful white settlers. federal soldiers on a group of Cheyenne warriors.

The massacre at Wounded Knee in 1890 occurred in response to the spread of the Ghost Dance movement. the US Army's humiliation at Little Bighorn. the uprising known as Red Cloud's War. the discovery of gold at Pike's Peak.

To which position did President McKinley appoint Theodore Roosevelt in 1897? assistant secretary of the navy secretary of the interior governor of New York secretary of defense

Trench warfare led to stalemates during World War I by making it difficult for attacks to succeed. easy to attack the enemy. difficult for soldiers to fight. easy for soldiers to fight.

Two of Theodore Roosevelt's major successes in protecting consumers were the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act. the Sherman Anti-Trust Act and the Interstate Commerce Act. the Elkins Act and the Hepburn Act. the National Child Labor Act and the Newlands Reclamation Act.

Under the spoils system in federal and state governments, elected officials appointed supporters to key positions. deserving people received government positions. government officials remained in key positions. democrats were appointed to key positions.

What did the People's Party believe would result from the government taking control of America's railroads and banks? Government control would prevent those industries from taking advantage of small farmers. Government control would force those industries to offer more jobs to the "common people." Government control would prompt banks and railroads to rely on gold coins instead of silver. Government control would end the inflation and rising costs caused by a shortage of currency.

What helped manufacturers keep up with consumers in the 1920s? fewer regulations and lower taxes more regulations and lower taxes changing demands of buyers aggressive advertising campaigns

What is consumerism? a pattern of wanting and buying new products a pattern of saving most of one's money a pattern of raising prices on store-bought goods a pattern of lowering prices on farm-produced goods

What is one group that was targeted by the Women's Christian Temperance Union? saloon owners women workers settlement house residents reformers

What method of manufacturing, introduced in the early 1800s, made mass production possible? the use of interchangeable parts the use of hand-crafted products the use of specialized labor the use of expensive materials

What precedents set by the New Deal have been put into play during periods of recession? Financial aid has been supplied to the jobless. Taxes on wealthy business owners have been lowered. More power has been given to the states to solve the problems. Social programs have been cut to save money.

What program from the New Deal era is still in effect today? the Federal Housing Administration the Works Progress Administration the Federal One Program the National Youth Administration

What was one cause of the First Dakota War, which occurred in 1862? The government withheld food and cash supplies from the Dakota. The government tried to acquire the Black Hills for white settlers. The government ordered all Dakota in the region to return to their reservation. The government let the practices of white ranchers disrupt bison hunting.

What was one reason why Lincoln pushed for passage of the Thirteenth Amendment? Lincoln declared it was the South's punishment for starting the Civil War. Lincoln wanted Congress to expand the rights of white people in the South. Lincoln wanted to avoid punishing the Confederate states for the war. Lincoln decided it was the best way to get states readmitted to the Union.

What was the goal of the Espionage Act of 1917? to make spying illegal to force immigrants to leave the US to make it illegal to say anything against the government to stop the production of war materials

What was the main reason Americans were upset by the Palmer Raids of 1919 and 1920? The raids ignored people's civil liberties. The raids protected the civil liberties of immigrants. The raids focused on labor organizations. The raids protected citizens from radical groups.

What was the purpose of the Wagner Act in 1935? to give workers the right to form unions to provide work training to youths to supply funding for Social Security to investigate violations of labor laws

Which event happened prior to the signing the Pacific Railroad Act in 1862? Asa Whitney requested the right to build a transcontinental railroad. The end of the Civil War freed veterans to work on the railroad. The Golden Spike ceremony was held in honor of the transcontinental railroad. Railroad workers drilled tunnels through the Sierra Nevada mountains.

Which factor most contributed to delays in construction for the Central Pacific Railroad? a shortage of supplies intense summer heat long stretches of desolate landscape conflicts with American Indians

Which of the following best describes Booker T. Washington? a civil rights leader who was born into slavery and later worked to achieve racial equality a civil rights leader who was born into slavery and later worked to abolish it a civil rights leader who founded a university and was later elected to political office a civil rights leader who was arrested for violating Jim Crow laws and later challenged them in court

Which of the following best describes how President Taft affected conservation efforts? Taft appointed a secretary of the interior who undid some of Roosevelt's conservation work. Taft appointed a secretary of the interior who continued Roosevelt's conservation work. Taft appointed a secretary of the interior who believed strongly in conservation. Taft appointed a secretary of the interior who was neutral on conservation.

Which of the following best describes how the recall, referendum, and initiative provisions give power to voters? They give voters power over their laws and government officials. They give voters power to directly govern themselves and others. They give voters power to elect representatives and senators. They give voters power to impeach officials and elect new ones.

Which of the following best explains why the Battle of Little Bighorn is sometimes referred to as "Custer's Last Stand"? The Battle of Little Bighorn resulted in the death of General Custer and all 200 of his troops. The Battle of Little Bighorn was General Custer's last battle before he retired from the military. The Battle of Little Bighorn was the last conflict the US military engaged in with the Sioux Indians. The Battle of Little Bighorn was the final conflict in the American Indian Wars of the late 1800s.

Which of the following best summarizes American economic issues at the end of the 1920s? overproduction, too many credit purchases, stock speculation, and bank failures a decrease in credit to consumers, overproduction, stock speculation, and bank failures underproduction, too many credit purchases, stock speculation, and bank failures overproduction, too many credit purchases, stock speculation, and powerful banks

Which of the following describes an effect of the war that Americans experienced on the home front? increased work opportunities increased availability of goods decreased patriotism decreased government involvement

Which of the following describes the most important effect the tank had on World War I? The tank ended the use of trench warfare for defense. The tank caused the war to last longer by killing so many soldiers. The tank proved to be ineffective against bombs and guns. The tank increased the use of trench warfare in World War I.

Which of the following statements best describes the massacre at Sand Creek in 1864? Many of the American Indians who were killed were women and children. The massacre was a battle between Cheyenne warriors and gold miners. About 80 federal troops were attacked by Red Cloud's warriors. The Dakota staged an uprising after the government failed to provide for them.

Which of the following would have most likely occurred if Franklin Roosevelt's judicial reform bill had become law? It would have concentrated power in the executive branch of the government. It would have restored balance among the three branches of government. It would have set a precedent for government intervention in the economy. It would have signaled an end to all the programs of Roosevelt's New Deal.

Which other member of the Triple Alliance first supported Austria-Hungary's invasion of Serbia? Germany Ottoman Empire Russia Great Britain

Which phrase best fits in the blank box? wasted government money gave citizens government money encouraged people to vote supported government investigations

Which statement best explains why the transcontinental railroad took several years to build? Digging through the mountains was very difficult, and the long winters hampered workers' ability to make progress. Several Civil War battles took place where the railroad was being built, so workers had to wait for the land to be clear and safe. A divided Congress continued fighting over funding for the railroad, leading to work stoppages every few months. Chinese immigrants engaged in frequent clashes with rail workers, so work stopped while safety measures were adopted.

Why did Russia send troops to the border of Austria-Hungary in 1914? Austria-Hungary had invaded Serbia, and Russia was in an alliance with Serbia. Austria-Hungary was threatening to invade Russia. Austria-Hungary was sending its people to live in Russia. Austria-Hungary needed help resisting a German invasion.

Which of the following did Theodore Roosevelt create to save elk? Crater Lake National Park Mount Olympus National Monument Olympic National Park Crater Lake National Monument

Why did Taft's opponent in the 1908 presidential race claim that Taft was running two campaigns? Taft campaigned as a progressive Republican in the West and a conservative Republican in the East. Taft planned to continue Roosevelt's policies and introduce some of Bryant's policies as president. Taft campaigned as a Republican in some states and as a Democrat in others. Taft encouraged progressive Republicans to join the Democratic Party.

Why did many conservatives disagree with New Deal economic policies? Conservatives believed in balanced budgets, low taxes, and less regulation by the federal government. Conservatives believed that wealth should be equally distributed so no one would live in poverty. Conservatives believed that the federal government should have the power to regulate social programs. Conservatives believed that it was the job of the government to ensure economic opportunity for all.

How did the railroad facilitate population growth in the interior of the country? Check all of the boxes that apply. The railroad built towns along the railroad. The railroad bought land from farmers, ranchers, and business owners. The railroad recruited settlers to form new communities along the route. The railroad encouraged American Indians to settle along the route.

a, c

Which sentence best describes why European powers competed for new colonies in Africa and Asia in the early 1900s? Europeans wanted to demonstrate their power. Europeans wanted more territory to prepare for the threat of war. Europeans wanted to help people in colonies become more European. Europeans wanted to make more accurate maps of the world.

Why were so few violations of the Sherman Antitrust Act brought to court? Businesses did not violate the law once it was in place. Court cases cost too much time and money. The Interstate Commerce Commission knew it could not win. The law was too unpopular with the general public.

A. Mitchell Palmer, attorney general under President Wilson, was strongly pro-immigrant. anti-radical. pro-labor. anti-government.

An immediate effect of the Scopes trial on American society was that the trial ended the debate over teaching evolution and creationism. people learned the scientific evidence for the theory of evolution. people voted to get rid of laws regarding school curriculum. the trial was the first in a series of major media events.

As governor of Louisiana, Huey Long dismissed New Deal programs and promoted his own. increased taxes on the wealthiest residents of his state. disagreed with expansion of government social programs. fought to reduce taxes for business owners in his state.

How is the work of the Salvation Army and other faith-based aid organizations related to the social gospel movement? The work of these organizations focuses on the belief that human society is a competition. The work of these organizations addresses the concept of providing aid to less-fortunate people. The work of these organizations helps immigrants learn about American culture. The work of these organizations ignores the principles of the social gospel movement.

How was the situation in the Black Hills similar to the situation in Colorado at Sand Creek? In both cases, government and American Indian leaders peacefully settled their differences. In both cases, the discovery of gold brought in waves of settlers who took over American Indian lands. American Indians in Colorado and in the Black Hills forced the government to pay to use their lands. American Indians in Colorado and in the Black Hills welcomed settlers to use their lands.

How were the conflicts between homesteaders and American Indians resolved in the wake of the Homestead Act? Homesteaders formed their own small armies and militias. The American government forced American Indians to leave the land. The American government used force against the homesteaders. Congress repealed the Homestead Act to prevent further conflict.

In 1925, John Scopes broke a state law in Tennessee called the Butler Act, which outlawed teaching about religion. teaching about evolution. teaching about Prohibition. teaching about creationism.

In 1929, ongoing economic issues led to an increase in consumer demand. a stock market crash. a stock market boom. an increase in the production of goods.

In the 1860s, tensions in Colorado between American Indians and white settlers led to a massacre at Little Bighorn. Sand Creek. Wounded Knee. Pike's Peak.

In the 1920s, many rural banks failed because banks had speculated in stocks. farmers could not repay their loans. the stock market surged. consumers took their money out.

In the late 1800s, the social gospel movement was based on the belief that less fortunate individuals were weak and unfit to survive. it was a person's moral duty to help less fortunate people. drinking alcohol was the cause of many problems in society. it was the government's duty to provide services for people.

Read the excerpt from The Story of the Laws behind the Labels by FDA historian Wallace F. Janssen.Strenuous opposition to Wiley's campaign for a federal food and drug law came from whiskey distillers and the patent medicine firms, who were then the largest advertisers in the country. Many of these men thought they would be put out of business by federal regulation.Based on the excerpt, which statement best summarizes the concerns of opponents to the Pure Food and Drug Act? Consumers were against it because the law might make food cost more at the store. Liquor manufacturers and other firms were against it because they thought the law might put them out of business. Consumers were for it because they thought that increased costs would lead to health improvements. Liquor manufacturers and other firms were for it because they wanted to be more popular with consumers.

Read the excerpt from a letter from Upton Sinclair to President Theodore Roosevelt. There are a hundred streets and avenues by which diseased meat can enter the city and be put on sale in the markets. The public has made no effort to find out and it is left to the men who deal in this merchandise to dump what they please into the stomachs of the blissfully ignorant public. Neither do any of us know how much disease and suffering this food causes.What was a benefit of the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906? The law provided improved medical care for people sickened by unsafe food. The law required that food be inspected by the government to ensure its safety. The law prohibited the sale of all unpreserved meats due to safety concerns. The law increased funding to local police to monitor trade of unsafe products.

Read the quotation from the Omaha Platform."The fruits of the toil of millions are boldly stolen to build up colossal fortunes for a few, unprecedented in the history of mankind; and the possessors of those, in turn, despise the republic and endanger liberty. From the same prolific womb of governmental injustice we breed the two great classes—tramps and millionaires." What sentence best summarizes the above quotation? The "common people" often take advantage of the wealthy class. The wealthy often profit from the hard work of the lower class. The wealthy succeed because they are stronger than the lower class. There are three economic classes: the rich, the poor, and the middle class.

Roosevelt choose a bull moose as a symbol for his new Progressive Party because he wanted to show he sided with Democrats on key issues. he fought like one for things he believed in. he had helped preserve them in Washington State. he wanted to show he sided with Republicans on key issues.

The Homestead Act greatly impacted the American Indians of the Great Plains by encouraging homesteaders to take over the American Indians' farms. creating a drain on the food, clothing, and shelter of American Indians. making new technologies available to American Indians. bringing new schools to American Indian settlements.

The Plains Indians embraced the Ghost Dance movement because they were trying to unite all American Indians. rallying against life on reservations. looking for a reservation to call home. creating a new buffalo hunting ritual.

The case of Sacco and Vanzetti was similar to that of the individuals arrested during the Palmer Raids of 1919-1920 in that both involved spies. radicals. religious freedoms. murder

The first attempts to create a transcontinental railroad failed in part because the technology was not sufficient. Congress could not agree on where the line would run. the Civil War blocked construction.

Thomas Edison's fascination with what invention inspired him to develop the phonograph? the incandescent light bulb the telephone the automobile the telegraph

To buy goods on credit means to pay cash for goods. promise to pay for goods later. promise to pay only a sale price. pay only a discount price.

To which of the following did Theodore Roosevelt compare the role of a president? police commissioner steward king state assemblyman

To which post did Theodore Roosevelt appoint William Howard Taft in 1904? secretary of state secretary of war secretary of the interior assistant secretary of the navy

W. E. B. Du Bois believed in taking a patient approach to civil rights. actively working to achieve civil rights for all. actively working for separate but equal rights. supporting the abolitionist spirit movement.

What best explains why the political climate was ripe for a third-party candidate during the 1912 presidential election? Voters were unsatisfied with the economy. The Republican Party was unsatisfied with its candidate. The United States was involved in a world war. Voters were ready for a radical leader.

What crime was Eugene Debs accused of committing in 1918? He distributed leaflets urging a speedy end to World War I. He gave a speech praising men who refused to serve in the military. He refused to register for the draft when he turned 18. He sent arms and money to America's enemies in World War I.

What did the Social Security Act and the Work Progress Administration have in common regarding employment for young people? They gave younger workers more rights by encouraging union membership. They increased the job opportunities for younger workers. They caused a decrease in jobs available for younger workers. They made younger workers pay higher taxes because of their age.

What did the Social Security Act of 1935 do? paid employers for letting people retire set up a fund for retired Americans required retirees to continue to work encouraged the organization of labor unions

What early experiences led Theodore Roosevelt to appreciate the natural world? As a young boy, he spent all his time outdoors. As a young boy, he read books about natural history. As a young boy, he hunted frequently. As a young boy, he lived on a ranch.

What effect did the overuse of credit have on the economy in the 1920s? It made the economy stronger. It made the economy weaker. It made parts of the economy stronger. It solved the problem of overproduction.

What was the Homestead Act? Law that prevented railroad companies from buying land Law that granted land to settlers who met certain criteria Law that offered government subsidies to people starting businesses

What was the goal of the temperance movement in the late 1800s and early 1900s? regulating alcohol production stopping the drinking of alcohol offering services to the less fortunate acculturating immigrants

Which best describes W. E. B. Du Bois's opinion of Booker T. Washington's accommodationist approach? It was an important tool in ending segregation. It reinforced segregation and discrimination. It could work, if paired with more aggressive tactics. It was the cause of violence against African Americans.

Which best describes why Women's Christian Temperance Union was formed? Members were concerned about the impact of new ideas on their communities. Members were concerned about the impact of alcohol on their communities. Members wanted to organize distillery workers, who had few rights. Members wanted more religious freedom for their families.

Which of the following best explains why the Colorado militia launched a campaign against American Indians in the 1860s? The American Indians had killed about 200 troops in the bloody Battle of Little Bighorn. White settlers believed that the American Indians were planning an uprising in the territory. The American Indians had begun to engage in Ghost Dance rituals that frightened settlers. White settlers believed that the American Indians would not honor the Treaty of Fort Laramie.

Which of the following resulted from the Palmer Raids of 1919 and 1920? the rise of the Communist Party in the United States the formation of the American Civil Liberties Union the election of Alexander Palmer to the presidency the outbreak of an anarchist revolution in Russia

Which of the following resulted from the death of President McKinley in 1901? Schenck v. United States the Anarchist Exclusion Act the arrest of Emma Goldman the Espionage and Sedition Acts

Which of the following rights were denied to African Americans as a result of Jim Crow laws? the right to an education the right to vote the right to travel on trains the right to challenge laws

Which of the following statements best summarizes the effect of technology in World War I? New technology helped armies capture more territory. New technology led to a new, more defensive kind of war. New technology made armies return to older ways of fighting. New technology led to speedier offensive victories.

Which position did Taft hold after his presidency? lawyer Supreme Court justice senator presidential adviser

Which progressive political reform did Taft support during his presidency? the passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act the passage of the Sixteenth Amendment the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment the passage of legislation against trust-busting

Which statement best describes the beliefs of those who were against Prohibition in the early 1900s? They were hopeful that Prohibition would harm businesses. They thought Prohibition would take away people's rights. They thought Prohibition was evil and immoral. They were afraid that Prohibition would harm society.

Which statement best describes the impact of the discovery of gold on American Indian territory in the 1850s and 1870s? War broke out among American Indian groups when warring chiefs signed new treaties with the government. War broke out when white settlers pressured the government to take the land from American Indians. War broke out when white settlers pressured the government to let the American Indians keep their land. War broke out when white settlers tried to buy land from warring American Indian groups.

Why did a provision of the Interstate Commerce Act require railroads to make their rates public? so that railroad employees did not have to remember the rates so that railroad companies couldn't unfairly charge different rates so that railroads could operate more quickly and efficiently so that different railroad companies would know what to charge

Why was the Twenty-first Amendment to the US Constitution necessary? to repeal the Nineteenth Amendment to repeal the Eighteenth Amendment to modify the Nineteenth Amendment to modify the Eighteenth Amendment

An individual who received a parcel of land under the Homestead Act had to live on that land for at least six months. two years. five years. ten years.

As European nations became involved in World War I in 1914, the United States was enjoying a strong economy and reaching out to countries in Asia. changing its economic system and adding colonies in Africa. recovering from economic problems and building ties with Latin America. concentrating on farming in the US and increasing trade with India.

During the 1925 Scopes trial, the prosecution's main argument was that Darwin's theory of evolution was not scientific. Darwin's theory of evolution was scientific. schools had to teach biblical creationism. evolution should be taught along with creation.

During the early years of World War I, which of the following did the Germans use to great advantage? the field telephone the machine gun the submarine the tank

How did Prohibition affect corruption in the early 1900s? Prohibition decreased corruption because it cleaned up the liquor industry. Prohibition increased corruption in Chicago but not the rest of the country. Prohibition increased corruption because people ignored the law. Prohibition decreased corruption in Chicago but not the rest of the country.

How did elevated trains and subways improve urban transportation? by using horses and carriages to commute by making the automobile unnecessary by transporting commuters without crowding city streets by delivering fresh food to people in cities

How did propaganda encourage more Americans to support Prohibition in the early 1900s? The Anti-Saloon League lobbied Congress to encourage its representatives to support Prohibition. Prohibition organizations spread false rumors that drinking small amounts of alcohol could be poisonous. The Anti-Saloon League spread the idea that drinking beer produced in Germany was treasonous. Prohibition organizations wrote articles about families destroyed by the evils of alcoholism.

How did the diversity of the US population discourage US leaders from entering World War I? The population included only a few immigrants from both sides of the conflict. The population did not have enough skilled workers to support a war effort. The population included many immigrants from both sides of the conflict. The population consisted of immigrants from Latin America who were not interested in the European conflict.

How did the overproduction of goods in the 1920s affect consumer prices, and in turn, the economy? Consumer demand increased, prices decreased, and the economy grew. Prices increased along with consumer demand, and the economy grew. Consumer demand decreased, prices decreased, and the economy slowed. Prices increased, consumer demand decreased, and the economy grew.

How many immigrants arrived in the United States between 1875 and 1910? fewer than 800,000 about 2 million almost 8 million more than 20 million

In 1892, the People's Party convention produced the Populist Party. the gold standard. the Omaha Platform. the Knights of Labor.

In Plessy v. Ferguson, Homer Plessy claimed that "separate but equal" violated his rights under the First Amendment. Thirteenth Amendment. Fourteenth Amendment. Fifteenth Amendment.

In support of the Thirteenth Amendment, President Lincoln argued that slavery did not impact the Civil War. slavery should be made illegal everywhere. slavery should be allowed in the South only. slavery should be allowed in the North only.

In the 1800s, mass production led to an upheaval in the workers' unions. a deep recession after the Civil War. a decrease in the demand for skilled workers. a decrease in child labor.

In the case of Schenck v. United States the Supreme Court ruled that the Espionage Act was unconstitutional. Charles Schenck had been falsely accused. speech aimed to potentially create danger could be banned. the First Amendment had no limits.

In the early 1900s, what did it mean for cities to be "dry"? Cities had severe water shortages and restricted water usage. Cities imposed extremely high taxes on water usage. Cities restricted the sale and consumption of alcohol. Cities allowed consumption of alcohol as long as it was taxed.

In the late 1800s and early 1900s, reformers helped immigrants assimilate into American culture by isolating them from American citizens. separating them from their family members. teaching them how to speak English. teaching them foreign languages.

In the late 1800s, which of the following did the People's Party believe would give the people more political power? ending the direct election of senators decreasing the amount of silver in circulation choosing senators through direct election increasing the amount of gold in circulation

Read the excerpt from a letter from Upton Sinclair to President Theodore Roosevelt. There are a hundred streets and avenues by which diseased meat can enter the city and be put on sale in the markets. The public has made no effort to find out and it is left to the men who deal in this merchandise to dump what they please into the stomachs of the blissfully ignorant public. Neither do any of us know how much disease and suffering this food causes.What was a cost of the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906? More people died because FDA inspections reduced access to food, leading people to consume spoiled food. Many quality medications were no longer produced because they did not meet FDA requirements. Food producers sometimes went out of business or had to spend money to meet new FDA requirements. Most markets were permanently closed because they created unsafe food conditions, limiting access to food.

Read the quotation."Words . . . may become subject to prohibition when of such a nature and used in such circumstances as to create a clear and present danger."—Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Schenck v. United States, March 1919According to this ruling, people had the right to say whatever they wished. people were not allowed to discuss frightening or controversial topics. the right to free speech had limits that could be enforced by the government. the right to free speech was overturned.

Read the quote from Applied Christianity: Moral Aspects of Social Questions by Washington Gladden."In every community there are men of goodwill, who, if they had the money, could organize [efforts] among the [poorest] classes by which many of them could be saved..."Who are the "men of goodwill" that Gladden describes? social Darwinists wealthy people immigrants reformers

Reform elements such as the recall, the referendum, and the initiative were primarily designed to give power to trusts. political machines. voters. monopolies.

Roosevelt's positions on conservation and the environment are best characterized as moderate. radical. progressive. conservative.

Some people referred to Prohibition as a "noble experiment" because it led to people home-brewing alcohol. was never expected to improve morals. tried to force people to improve their morals. had the support of upstanding citizens.

Supporters of Prohibition, such as preacher Billy Sunday, expected that Prohibition would encourage people to become religious. increase the violent crime rate. fix the problems of society. put liquor distillers out of business

The New Deal could best be summarized as a program that left no lasting impression on the country. was highly successful for a short period of time. still has an impact on American life and government today. provided worthwhile programs in the 1930s that stopped after WWII.

The New Deal ended in 1938 partly because unemployment had ended. conservative opposition blocked new legislation. war had broken out in Europe. the Great Depression had taken hold of the country.

The Pacific Railroad Act of 1862 established a competition to see which of two companies would build the line. called for two different transcontinental routes to be built at the same time. called for two companies to build the line from two different directions.

The Plessy v. Ferguson ruling stated that segregation was unconstitutional. the Fourteenth Amendment was unconstitutional. segregation was necessary to preserve public peace. the Separate Car Act was unconstitutional.

The Sherman Antitrust Act was difficult to support in court because its terms were hard to understand. penalties were not strong enough. definition of monopolies was not clear. penalties were too strong.

The Social Security Administration faces new challenges in the twenty-first century because there are more workers paying into the system. its services are no longer needed by American workers. there are a greater number of retirees in the system. its revenues are needed in other government programs.

The famous speech that William Jennings Bryan gave at the Democratic convention of 1896 became known as the "Free Silver" speech. the "Gold Standard" speech. the "Cross of Gold" speech. the "Common People" speech.

The ideas of the social gospel movement led directly to the temperance movement. social Darwinism. urban charity organizations. government reform.

The main purpose of the Anti-Saloon League in the early 1900s was to educate the public about the social ills of alcohol. to close down bars and saloons in the West only. to pass a constitutional amendment outlawing alcohol. to lobby Congress for legislation that would outlaw bars.

Theodore Roosevelt's solution for dealing with different groups was called the New Deal. the Progressive Deal. the Square Deal. the New Freedom.

Unlike liberal critics of Roosevelt's New Deal, conservative critics thought New Deal programs did not do enough. largely supported New Deal programs as they were. thought New Deal programs expanded government too much. supported government expansion of New Deal programs.

What did Populists set their sights on after achieving some success on a local level in the late 1800s? the formation of a national labor union the establishment of their own gold currency the formation of a national political party the creation of Populist groups in each state

What did the Eighteenth Amendment to the US Constitution accomplish? It renewed the production, sale, and transportation of alcohol in the US. It gave women, African Americans, and Asians the right to vote. It banned the production, sale, and transportation of alcohol in the US. It provided for a graduated income tax on all working Americans.

What difficulty did both Chinese and Japanese immigrants face when trying to pass through immigration stations in the late 1800s and early 1900s? Chinese and Japanese immigrants were not divided up based on their gender at Ellis Island. Chinese and Japanese immigrants were not divided up based on their nationalities at Angel Island. Chinese and Japanese immigrants were restricted by law from entering the United States. Chinese immigrants had to pass through Ellis Island, while Japanese immigrants were sent to Angel Island.

What effect did the sinking of the Lusitania in 1915 have on American public opinion of Germany? It caused public opinion toward the Germans to remain unchanged. It caused public opinion to turn in favor of the Germans. It caused public opinion to turn against the Germans even more. It caused public opinion to remain unchanged at first, but then favor the Germans.

What obstacle was faced by both Central Pacific and Union Pacific workers? attacks from American Indians on the plains danger from blasting through the Sierra Nevada harsh weather conditions loss of workers to the Gold Rush

What was a shared reason why Austria-Hungary and Germany became members of the Triple Alliance? They had weak rulers. They had weak armies. They shared ethnic ties. They wanted to increase trade.

What was one reason for anti-immigrant sentiment in the early 1900s? tolerance for other cultures a decline in patriotism competition for jobs an increase in war protests

What was the goal of the Americanization movement that gained popularity between 1875 and 1910? to encourage people to immigrate to America to help immigrants maintain their cultural ties to encourage immigrants to assimilate into American culture to spread American values to European countries

What was the main result of Germany's use of unrestricted submarine warfare during World War I? It limited the number of countries that became involved in the war. It weakened the German effort by overextending their resources. It helped push the United States into entering the war on the Allied side. It convinced the Allied Powers that they could not win the war.

Which best states how the Scopes trial ended? Scopes changed his plea to not guilty, and won the case. Scopes lost and appealed to the Tennessee Supreme Court. Scopes changed his plea to guilty, and was convicted. Scopes lost and appealed to the US Supreme Court.

Which describes an effect of Prohibition? Americans stopped going to bars that served alcohol. Americans started buying alcohol in Mexico and Canada. Americans learned how to distill alcohol at home. Americans stopped drinking large amounts of alcohol.

Which event led to the massacre at Sand Creek in 1864? The government built a trail through hunting grounds. Dakota attacks killed more than 400 white settlers. Militia units started a campaign against American Indians. White farmers staged an uprising against the Sioux.

Which factor helped shift American opinion away from neutrality during World War I? strong cultural ties to Germany strong trade relationships with Austria strong cultural ties to Great Britain strong trade relationships with Russia

Which of the following is a reason Whitney's railroad was not built? Congress thought a transcontinental railroad was a bad idea. Congress could not agree where the track should end in the west. Congress could not agree on a location for the rail line. Congress thought the railroad would be too expensive to build.

Which of the following was true before the Social Security Act of 1935? Most retired Americans were provided for by the government. Very few retired Americans needed financial help. Very few retired Americans had a guaranteed income. Most retired Americans lived on pensions from their former employers.

Which of these ideas would supporters of the Plessy v. Ferguson ruling most likely have agreed with? that social rights were a part of civil rights that the Constitution should be interpreted without regard to race that "separate but equal" was a valid legal doctrine that "separate but equal" did not justify racial segregation

Which type of technology did city planners adopt during the Industrial Age in an attempt to meet the needs of commuters? communications technology horse-and-carriage technology railroad technology automobile technology

Which was a direct result of bank failures in the 1920s and 1930s? Unemployment rose. Companies slowed production. Depositors lost their savings. People could not pay back their loans.

While anarchists became linked with violence in the late 1800s and early 1900s, socialists became linked with patriotism. the Palmer Raid. the labor movement. government.

Why did Congress pass the Volstead Act to go along with the Eighteenth Amendment? The Volstead Act banned the sale of alcohol in additional states proposed by Congress. The Volstead Act prohibited people from drinking alcohol as well as selling and shipping it. The Volstead Act provided for the enforcement of the Eighteenth Amendment. The Volstead Act governed the sale of alcohol in states omitted from the Eighteenth Amendment.

Why did President Roosevelt need to create a Second New Deal? Americans were prospering and needed to find new ways to spend and invest their money. The unemployment rate had dropped to an all-time low, and there was a need to find new workers. The economy continued to struggle with high unemployment rates and widespread poverty. There was no longer a need for the government to support social programs for Americans.

Why did many conservative Republicans oppose conservation efforts in the early 1900s? They wanted to create more space for towns and cities. They wanted to make hunting and ranching illegal. They wanted to use natural resources for business purposes. They wanted to preserve natural areas.

Why did taxes cause leaders to be reluctant about prohibition? Those that did not support prohibition refused to pay taxes if the law was passed. Those that did not support prohibition threatened to leave the country if the law was passes. Income taxes were not created yet and the government depended on the liquor tax for funding. Property taxes were very low and the government depended on the liquor tax for funding.

Why did the Zimmermann Telegram between Germany and Mexico concern the United States? Germany promised to supply Mexico with U-boats to attack American commercial ships. Germany promised to set up a king in Mexico undermining democracy in the Americas. Germany promised to help Mexico reconquer Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. Germany promised to invade the United States across the Texas-Mexico border.

Why were tanks developed during World War I? to provide shelter from poison gas to carry heavy anti-aircraft guns to protect soldiers when they attacked trenches to be advance scouts for infantry

A current federal program from the New Deal that is directly related to the banking industry is the FHA. WPA. SSA FDIC.

American leaders explained their decision to enter World War I by saying they wanted to win the war to gain new territory. keep the oceans safe for shipping. punish those who made war on civilians. make the world safe for democracy.

As part of the Omaha Platform, the People's Party demanded that people who made more money pay a lower percentage in taxes. companies and corporations should not have to pay any taxes at all. a graduated income tax system be implemented to benefit the wealthy. people who made more money pay a higher percentage in taxes.

During the Industrial Age, what was the main method that businesses used to inform consumers about new inventions they could purchase? the multiplex the telephone the telegraph advertisements

During the construction of the transcontinental railroad in the United States, cities on the coasts were cut off from the rest of the country. many people lost interest in new settlements. Civil War refugees fled to new towns in the western territories. many new towns and settlements grew.

During the early 1900s, the European nation whose increase in military forces and equipment alarmed other European nations was Russia. Italy. France. Germany.

How could William Jennings Bryan oppose the gold standard and also support bimetallism? Bryan took each position at a different point in his career, with his support for bimetallism coming later in life. Bimetallism called for a fixed value for gold, which was the opposite of the gold standard. Bryan spoke in favor of the gold standard when addressing the wealthy and in favor of bimetallism when speaking to the poor. Bryan opposed the idea of a fixed value for gold while supporting the concept of a currency based on two metals.

How did Alexander Palmer justify the Palmer Raids of 1919 and 1920? Palmer supported taking radical action against conservatives. Palmer claimed to be the leader of the Communist Party. Palmer claimed that the Espionage and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. Palmer warned of an imminent communist takeover.

How did the actions of pacifists reveal US attitudes about entry into World War I? Pacifist labor strikes showed that the US would not be able to support the war effort. Pacifist testimony in Congress showed that entering the war would hurt American trade. Pacifist letters encouraged leaders to enter the war. Pacifist protests showed that many people opposed US entry into the war.

How did the completion of the transcontinental railroad change the lives of American citizens? It increased the wealth of all Americans and enabled them to travel more. It made cross-country travel too expensive for ordinary Americans. It decreased the safety of Americans who moved to settle the plains. It shortened travel time between the East and West for all Americans.

How were many victims of the Palmer Raids treated? They were tried and released by Palmer. They were found guilty by the Supreme Court. They were detained and then tried. They were sent to jail without a trial.

In 1908, the Supreme Court ruled in Muller v. Oregon that Northern Securities had a monopoly that should be broken up. states could not decide the length of a workday. states could regulate grain storage fees. state laws could limit working hours for women.

In his 1896 bid for president, William Jennings Bryan was supported by both the Democratic and the Republican parties. People's and the Republican parties. Populist and the People's parties. People's and the Democratic parties.

In the 1920s, how did manufacturers make products faster and more cheaply? They reused old designs and models. They offered a smaller range of goods. They saved on costs by not advertising as much. They adopted Henry Ford's manufacturing techniques.

In the 1920s, manufacturers encouraged consumerism by offering fewer goods for low prices. fewer goods for high prices. a greater variety of goods for high prices. a greater variety of goods for fair prices.

In the 1920s, what did businesses and industries do that caused the economy to slow down? They hired more workers. They stopped buying stocks. They bought stocks on margin. They overproduced goods.

Many African Americans during World War I could not find work at all. could not move to find work. found work in rural areas. found work in northern cities.

Some Americans were against the involvement of the United States in World War I. Which best describes how the United States was able to crack down on possible outbursts against the government? seizing absolute power for the government encouraging strikes against unpatriotic employers making it illegal to share information with enemies demonstrating American strength to the world

The Homestead Act granted participants as much land as they pledged to farm. an extra 80 acres of land to anyone who made a purchase. anyone the right to rent farmland from the government. 160 acres of land to settlers who paid a small filing fee.

The main issue during the Scopes trial of 1925 was whether teachers could teach about the Darwinian theory of evolution. teachers could teach about monkeys and other primates. private schools should take the place of public schools. states had the right to pass laws about teaching.

The main reason that Emma Goldman was significant in the history of World War I was that she immigrated to the United States in the late 1800s. became involved with socialist groups in the United States. served as an adviser to the president during the war. was arrested for protesting against the war.

The reforms of the early 1900s were called "progressive" because they represented the work of a single person. they represented unpopular, unwanted changes. they represented a return to traditions of the past. they represented forward thinking about political changes.

What affect did the Scopes trial have on the school curriculum in Tennessee? It changed the curriculum to include creationism in science classes. It did not change the curriculum because Bryan died shortly after the trial. It changed the curriculum to include evolution in science classes. It did not change the curriculum because Scopes lost the case.

What authority was given to the postmaster general under the Espionage and Sedition Acts? to arrest those who protested the war to sentence violators with large fines to deport those who broke the law to hold any mail that violated the acts

What does a strong economy depend on the most? many investors speculating. many banks giving many people loans. most consumers buying on credit. most people's confidence in the economy.

What was Jacob Riis's goal in the late 1800s? to expose corruption in city governments to start settlement houses for the less fortunate to preach a gospel of social justice for the less fortunate to make Americans aware of problems in cities

Which of the following best summarizes the achievements or career of Theodore Roosevelt? He was the youngest person ever appointed police commissioner in New York. He was a president whose reform policies were known as the New Deal. He was born after the Civil War and fought during World War I. He was elected to many different positions and had a broad range of interests.

Which of the following is most characteristic of a country run by anarchists? The country would exclude immigrants. The country would eliminate private property. The country would have no enemies. The country would have no organized government.

Which of the following oversaw the Federal One project in the 1930s? the Social Security Administration the National Labor Relations Board the National Youth Administration the Works Progress Administration

Which of the following was a factor that contributed to the formation of the People's Party in 1891? Farmers wanted to own their own banks and railroads. Farmers wanted well-paying jobs with large businesses. Farmers wanted higher commodity prices and shipping costs. Farmers wanted a political party that represented their interests.

Which of the following was a religious movement at the turn of the twentieth century that sought justice for the less fortunate? the housing reform movement the social Darwinism movement the settlement house movement the social gospel movement

Which of the following weapons helped continue the stalemate on battlefields during World War I? the tank the submarine the fighter plane the machine gun

Which sentence best describes the influence of alliances on the start of World War I? Alliances delayed the beginning of World War I because nations were afraid to attack one another. Alliances forced member nations to settle their differences through talks rather than through armed attacks. Alliances prevented many European countries from joining the war because they had signed a pledge not to. Alliances between nearly all European nations meant that when two went to war, all became involved.

Which statement best describes how machine guns were used during World War I? to attack tanks to defend soldiers attacking trenches to attack aircraft to defend territory

Which statement best explains how farming affected the economic slowdown that led to the Great Depression? High demand was met with high output. Produce prices were constantly rising. Large machines made farms more efficient. Even though prices and demand were falling, production increased.

Which statement best supports militarization? "Our top priority should be to achieve world peace." "Diplomacy is the best means of protecting our nation's strength." "Every effort should be made to understand our neighbors' points of view." "We must strengthen the armed forces and build strong defenses against invasion."

Why were few court cases won against monopolies and trusts during the Gilded Age? Monopolies and trusts were strengthened by the Sherman Act. Monopolies and trusts were supported by the public. Monopolies and trusts were supported by state legislators. Monopolies and trusts were supported by the federal courts.

Why were political machines difficult to break up? They always operated within the law. They created a cycle of supply and demand. They used violence to intimidate voters. They created a cycle of favors for votes.

Which of the following best states a similarity between the "old" and "new" waves of immigration in the 1800s? Immigrants from both periods established neighborhoods in American cities. Immigrants from both periods were from western and northern Europe. Immigrants from both periods were from eastern and southern Europe. Immigrants from both periods were skilled laborers and landowners.

Which of the following groups was most likely to face interrogation at immigration stations during the 1800s? Chinese immigrants Russian immigrants Irish immigrants German immigrants

Prior to ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Civil Rights Act of 1866 was passed to stop discrimination against African Americans. punish officials from the Confederate states. ensure the loyalty of former Confederates. grant all women the same rights as men.

The Fifteenth Amendment opened up voting rights for some people, but not for white women. poor white men. African American men. former Confederates.

Which of the following best describes the impact of the Fourteenth Amendment? a. It took some time for the Fourteenth Amendment to secure the civil rights of African Americans and others. b. The Amendment immediately blocked the efforts of Southern states to deny the rights of African Americans. c. The Amendment was never successful in helping Americans achieve equality under the law.

As a result of some former Confederate states' refusal to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment, Congress established military rule in the South. Congress changed the ratification process. those states reluctantly rejoined the Union. the amendment was not ratified for many years.

As a result of the system of mass production, the majority of factory owners replaced skilled workers with unskilled workers. eliminated women workers and hired only male workers. used only child laborers. replaced unskilled workers with skilled workers.

During the Gilded Age, the shift to a system of mass production that paid workers low wages affected men, women, and children. both men and women. only children. only men.

During the Gilded Age, working women had limited work opportunities and were paid less than men. many work opportunities and were paid equal to men. many work opportunities but were paid less than men. limited work opportunities but were paid equal to men.

What is one way that the system of mass production generally affected families? Instead of whole families working at home, children went to work in factories. Instead of whole families working at factories, mothers and fathers worked at home. Instead of working together in factories, families worked at home. Instead of working together at home, families worked in factories.

What led to the increased popularity of automobiles? Ford's use of skilled labor to make each car one at a time Ford's decision to make cars more expensive Ford's invention of the assembly line Ford's revolutionary use of the assembly line

Which best describes the long-term impact of the Fourteenth Amendment? The Fourteenth Amendment has had little impact on American society. The Fourteenth Amendment made it difficult for African Americans to vote. The Fourteenth Amendment allowed Southern states to pass the Black Codes. The Fourteenth Amendment later became the basis for equal rights claims.

Which of the following best states a way that "old" immigrants differed from "new" immigrants in the 1800s? Old immigrants were Protestants and Jews, while new immigrants were Catholics and Jews. Old immigrants settled among the native population, while new immigrants formed their own neighborhoods. Old immigrants were welcomed by the native population, while new immigrants were met with hostility. Old immigrants often had property and skills, while new immigrants tended to be poor, unskilled workers.

A little more than thirty years after it was invented, the ___ was rapidly replaced by the ___

telegraph; telephone

What was a counterclaim made by those who opposed the Thirteenth Amendment? Freeing enslaved people would anger Northerners Freeing enslaved people could make the Civil War worse Freeing enslaved people would make them unhappy

When the Thirteenth Amendment abolished involuntary servitude, it became illegal to emancipate any individual or group. force one person to work for another person. hire workers for low wages and long hours. vote against slavery in a Confederate state.

A major reason Irish immigrants came to the United States in the 1840s was to find jobs as skilled laborers. to escape a potato famine. to live in less crowded conditions. to escape oppression.

A grandfather clause was a law that required voters to pay a tax in order to vote. required voters to pass a test in order to vote. allowed white voters to avoid discriminatory laws. allowed only older African Americans to vote.

Which best describes the push and pull factors involved in Mary Antin's immigration to the United States? religious persecution and religious freedom financial problems and educational opportunities threat of war and possibility of peace famine and job opportunities

How did the Fifteenth Amendment help African Americans? a. It denied the rights of white Southerners. b. It protected African Americans' right to due process. c. It gave African American men the right to vote.

Mass production meant a growing share of the work in factories was done by ___ workers.

less skilled

In the 1800s, an important motivation for both "old" and "new" immigrants to settle in ethnic neighborhoods was religious freedom. proximity to schools. a common language. a chance to assimilate.

Which of the following best describes the experiences of freedmen after the Civil War ended? a. They easily adjusted to life as free people. b. They struggled to achieve true equality and freedom. c. They were welcomed in the South as full partners in society. d. They were economically independent but lacked social equality.

Under which conditions did Radical Republican Thaddeus Stevens support voting rights for African Americans? Check all that apply. a. if it could ease the suffering of the country b. if it was the moral and fair thing to do c. if African Americans could prove they were deserving d. if it would punish Southern rebels e. if it could be deemed necessary

b, d, e

During the 1800s, an important pull factor for immigrants to the United States was religion persecution. freedom of speech. industrial jobs. agricultural jobs.

How did people use a telegraph to communicate without speech? with a series of bells of varying pitches with words typed out on a typewriter with Morse code with overland mail carriages

The purpose and effect of the Thirteenth Amendment was to a. end slavery in the United States. b. prevent a Confederate alliance with a European power. c. ensure that formerly enslaved people freed during the war remained free

What was the significance of the Fifteenth Amendment? Granted the right to vote to all men Made poll taxes illegal Abolished sharecropping Granted land to formerly enslaved people

What was the significance of the Thirteenth Amendment? It freed enslaved people. It ended the Civil War. It gave every former enslaved person some land.

Which of the following was a significant social change during the Gilded Age? Women formed suffrage groups. Women formed labor unions. Employers stopped hiring children. Employers created workplace protection for children.

Which statement best describes the Thirteenth Amendment? It abolished slavery throughout the United States. It outlawed involuntary servitude in the United States. It protected the civil rights of African Americans. It granted voting rights to African American men.

Why did manufacturers hire children to work in their factories? Factory owners could pay children less money than they paid adults. Children were able to complete more work than adults. Children could work for eight hours per day. Factory owners expected children to do demanding physical labor.

Which of the following describes the immediate aftermath of the Thirteenth Amendment on the South? Check all of the boxes that apply. a. Enslaved people were freed. b. Many African Americans remained poor. c. African Americans were treated equally. d. African Americans were discriminated against. e. African Americans received higher annual incomes.

a, b, d

How did white Southerners get around the Reconstruction Amendments? Check all of the boxes that apply. a. By passing laws for poll taxes and literacy tests, and enacting grandfather clauses b. By passing the Voting Rights Act c. By passing black codes and other discriminatory laws d. By arresting African Americans who tried to vote

a, c

Which factors contributed to the anti-immigrant prejudice that most immigrants faced? Check all of the boxes that apply. differences in language and customs the need for cheap labor the empathy of earlier immigrants the fear of loss of jobs prejudice against non-natives

a, d, e

A pull factor is best defined as something that causes people to leave their country. something that draws people to a new country. any hardship immigrants face in a new country. any legal restriction on immigration.

According to the writer, the amendment would make which situation worse? a. Slavery b. The Civil War c. The Emancipation Proclamation

As the economy grew during the Gilded Age, many workers and their families became wealthier as their income increased. continued to have low incomes and could not escape poverty. earned a higher income and continued working in factories. continued to have low incomes but were able to live more comfortably.

Most immigrants who arrived at Ellis Island were detained for days. released into the United States within hours. imprisoned for months. returned to their native countries.

The Fourteenth Amendment affected many court cases, such as Brown v. Board of Education, in which women gained the right to equal pay. school segregation was outlawed. African Americans gained the right to vote. the Black Codes became unconstitutional.

The passage of the Fifteenth Amendment led to a ban on giving literacy tests to people in the southern states so they could vote. more African Americans being elected to all levels of government. the establishment of grandfather clauses that helped African Americans in the voting booth. poll taxes being outlawed because they were discriminatory.

The system of mass production in manufacturing developed rapidly after the Industrial Revolution. during the Gilded Age. before the Industrial Revolution. after the Gilded Age.

Unlike European immigrants, Chinese immigrants in the 1800s faced language barriers laws that severely limited entry cultural differences nativist sentiments

A sparsely populated country that undergoes industrial growth would be most likely to pass laws to restrict immigration. experience a decline in population. attract immigrants from other countries. expel immigrants from other countries.

As described in the Thirteenth Amendment, involuntary servitude was a way for formerly enslaved people to acquire land over time. a way for people to earn a living in a variety of low-paying jobs. a system of making people work without pay or against their will. a system that allowed workers to choose a job or an employer.

Compared with "new" immigrants in the 1800s who tended to be Catholic or Jewish, most "old" immigrants were primarily Catholic. Jewish. Protestant. Quaker.

In the system of mass production, unskilled workers were hired to tend to machines and were paid more than skilled workers. were hired to help skilled workers and were paid more than skilled workers. were hired to tend to machines and were paid less than skilled workers. were hired to assist skilled workers and were paid the same as skilled workers.

In what year was the Fourteenth Amendment ratified? 1863 1866 1868 1870

What was a counterclaim made by those who opposed the Fourteenth Amendment? African Americans and white Southerners were already mostly equal. Formerly enslaved people were already protected by the Bill of Rights. African American people should not have the same rights as whites.

What was an argument made by those who opposed the Fifteenth Amendment? Women should not be included in the amendment. The Fourteenth Amendment already guaranteed the right to vote. Giving African Americans the right to vote would change Southern society.

What was the significance of the Fourteenth Amendment? It gave all men the right to vote. It solved disagreements in the South. It granted civil rights to African Americans. It brought many Confederate states back into the Union.

Which is one reason that factory work was dangerous in the 1800s? Machines were too difficult for workers to use. There were not enough workers to operate large machines. Most machines had few safety features. There were not enough machines to meet demand for products.

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Fourteenth Amendment? a. To free enslaved African Americans. b. To establish military rule over the former Confederate States. c. To guarantee and protect the citizenship and civil rights of African Americans.

Which of the following best explains why the US government placed restrictions on Asian immigration through Angel Island? Many Americans did not believe in assimilation. Many Americans did not approve of the Gentlemen's Agreement. Many Americans held nativist or racist views. Many Americans feared a loss of educational opportunities.

Which of the following made the Fourteenth Amendment necessary? President Johnson wanted to extend equal rights to African Americans. Many Southerners requested and supported civil rights legislation. Black Codes in the South restricted the rights of African Americans. Confederate states had not rejoined the Union and needed a way to do so.

Which of the following statements best describes how urban commuting changed in the late 1800s? Subways and automobiles replaced horse-drawn trolleys. Horse-drawn trolleys replaced elevated trains and subways. Elevated trains and subways replaced horse-drawn trolleys. Automobiles replaced horse-drawn trolleys.

Which of these was a major pull factor for Chinese immigrants? religious freedom acceptance work on the railroads famine

Which statement best describes the Fourteenth Amendment? It granted citizenship to all individuals living in the United States. It enfranchised all male citizens and gave them the right to vote. It prevented states from denying citizens equal protection under the law. It allowed states to seize citizens' property without due process of the law.

Which statement best describes the differences between the earlier and later waves of immigrants? Old immigrants had been more likely to take jobs as laborers, while new immigrants became merchants or landowners. Old immigrants had been welcomed to the United States, while new immigrants faced a great deal of discrimination. Old immigrants had often settled as landowners or merchants, while many new immigrants became unskilled workers.

Why was a national law against slavery needed even though the Emancipation Proclamation had been issued? Slavery was still widespread in the North. Slavery was still widespread in the South. The proclamation only applied to the Confederacy. The proclamation only applied to states in the Union.

A likely reason the majority of immigrants who passed through Ellis Island were European, while the majority who passed through Angel Island were Asian is that New York and San Francisco have different climates. more European than Asian immigrants wanted to go to New York. more Asian than European immigrants wanted to go to San Francisco. New York is closer to Europe, and San Francisco is closer to Asia.

After the Thirteenth Amendment became part of the Constitution, the South could enforce the Black Codes. segregation was outlawed in public schools. African Americans gained the right to vote. slavery became illegal across the United States.

During the Gilded Age, a factory worker who was injured while working generally received pay and some health benefits. a leave of absence with decreased pay. no pay but a promise that the job would be held for the worker. neither pay nor health benefits

How did Jan Matzeliger change the shoemaking industry in the 1800s? Stitching shoes was laborious, so Matzeliger invented the sewing machine. Adding laces to shoes was laborious, so Matzeliger invented the lacing machine. Adding heels to shoes was laborious, so Matzeliger invented the heeling machine. Attaching the top of the shoe to the sole was laborious, so Matzeliger invented the lasting machine.

In the 1800s, both "old" and "new" immigrants to the United States faced hostility because of their inability to create enclaves. worries about overpopulation. high US unemployment levels. differences in culture and language.

Many Americans feared that immigrants who passed through Angel Island would have to return to their home countries. assimilate into American culture. claim American land to build farms. take jobs from Americans workers.

Most "old" immigrants who came to America during the 1600s and 1700s were from Africa. eastern Europe. southern Europe. western Europe.

The income divide and excesses of the rich during the Gilded Age caused workers to abandon labor unions. some people to stop working at factories. workers to seek education to get better jobs. some people to work for economic and social reform.

The new system of production during the Second Industrial Revolution meant that unskilled workers did different tasks all day. one complicated task for many hours. repetitive tasks for only a few hours. repetitive tasks for many hours.

Which of these industries was made possible by Thomas Edison's ideas and inventions? the automobile industry the communications industry the mass transit industry the movie industry

Which of these statements best describes transportation within cities in the early 1800s? People moved from place to place quickly, but their transportation options were limited. People moved from place to place quickly, and transportation was accessible to all. People moved from place to place slowly, but transportation was easy to access. People moved from place to place slowly, and their transportation options were limited.

Which statement best describes the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments? All three amendments granted voting rights to American citizens. All three amendments were ratified in the midst of the Civil War. All three amendments faced little resistance from the nation. All three amendments secured rights for African Americans.

Which was true of African Americans after slavery ended? Most got out of debt. Many had to leave the United States. Most began to lead much better lives. Many faced discrimination.

Why did the issue of voting lead to another constitutional amendment in the late 1800s? Congress decided to extend voting rights to white women. African Americans had achieved equality in most other areas. Poor white Southerners were blocked from voting by poll taxes. Congress was worried that white Southerners would stop African Americans from voting.

Today's telephone uses the same ___ that were used in 1876.

voice technologies

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