US History - Unit 3 The Gilded Age Part 2
Political Machines
a political party's organization that wins voter loyalty and guarantees power to a small group of leaders, who often abuse it for their own gain
Chinese Exclusion Act
1882 law that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers
Haymarket Riot (1886)
1886 labor-related protest in Chicago which ended in deadly violence
Transportation
1888, street cars were invented. More efficient, clean, and quicker than horse-drawn carts.
Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)
1890 law banning any trust that restrained interstate trade or commerce
Homestead Strike (1892)
1892 strike against Carnegie's steelworks in Homestead, Pennsylvania
Immigration
Movement of individuals from foreign lands into a population
Market Economy
The abolition of slavery joined the North and South in a giant free-labor, free-market economy. Manufacturers were able to produce and sell goods more easily across the entire nation
Railroads
Transport large amounts of goods quickly, cheaply, and efficiently
Urban Centers
a large and densely populated urban area/city
Settlement Houses
community center organized at the turn of the twentieth century to provide social services to the urban poor
Planned Economy
economy that relies on a centralized government to control all or most factors of production and to make all or most production and allocation decisions
Urbanization
expansion of cities and/or an increase in the number of people living in them
Innovation
hoping to create new industries and expand old ones
American Federation of Labor
labor union that organized skilled workers in a specific trade and made specific demands rather than seeking broad changes
Knights of Labor
labor union that sought to organize all workers and focused on broad social reforms
Bessemer Process
method developed in the mid-nineteenth century for making steel more efficiently
Great Migration
movement of African Americans in the twentieth century from the rural South to the industrial North
Gentlemen's Agreement
pact between the United States and Japan to end segregation of Asian children in San Francisco public schools; in return, Japan agreed to limit the emigration of its citizens to the United States
Child Labor
since low wages meant that both parents needed jobs, bringing children to work kept them off the streets and close to their parents
Social Darwinism
the belief held by some in the late nineteenth century that certain nations and races were superior to others and therefore destined to rule over them
Government Regulation
the government takes measures to regulate "Big Business" and to prevent the formation of monopolies. Established the fundamental principle that Congress could regulate business in some circumstances
Pullman Strike (1894)
violent 1894 railway workers' strike which began outside of Chicago and spread nationwide
