US History - Unit 3 The Gilded Age Part 2

Political Machines

a political party's organization that wins voter loyalty and guarantees power to a small group of leaders, who often abuse it for their own gain

Chinese Exclusion Act

1882 law that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers

Haymarket Riot (1886)

1886 labor-related protest in Chicago which ended in deadly violence

Transportation

1888, street cars were invented. More efficient, clean, and quicker than horse-drawn carts.

Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)

1890 law banning any trust that restrained interstate trade or commerce

Homestead Strike (1892)

1892 strike against Carnegie's steelworks in Homestead, Pennsylvania

Immigration

Movement of individuals from foreign lands into a population

Market Economy

The abolition of slavery joined the North and South in a giant free-labor, free-market economy. Manufacturers were able to produce and sell goods more easily across the entire nation

Railroads

Transport large amounts of goods quickly, cheaply, and efficiently

Urban Centers

a large and densely populated urban area/city

Settlement Houses

community center organized at the turn of the twentieth century to provide social services to the urban poor

Planned Economy

economy that relies on a centralized government to control all or most factors of production and to make all or most production and allocation decisions

Urbanization

expansion of cities and/or an increase in the number of people living in them

Innovation

hoping to create new industries and expand old ones

American Federation of Labor

labor union that organized skilled workers in a specific trade and made specific demands rather than seeking broad changes

Knights of Labor

labor union that sought to organize all workers and focused on broad social reforms

Bessemer Process

method developed in the mid-nineteenth century for making steel more efficiently

Great Migration

movement of African Americans in the twentieth century from the rural South to the industrial North

Gentlemen's Agreement

pact between the United States and Japan to end segregation of Asian children in San Francisco public schools; in return, Japan agreed to limit the emigration of its citizens to the United States

Child Labor

since low wages meant that both parents needed jobs, bringing children to work kept them off the streets and close to their parents

Social Darwinism

the belief held by some in the late nineteenth century that certain nations and races were superior to others and therefore destined to rule over them

Government Regulation

the government takes measures to regulate "Big Business" and to prevent the formation of monopolies. Established the fundamental principle that Congress could regulate business in some circumstances

Pullman Strike (1894)

violent 1894 railway workers' strike which began outside of Chicago and spread nationwide