USH CH8 Test Review
During which period did the center of population shift the least?
1880-1910
Who expressed the belief that racism would end as blacks acquired practical work skills and proved their economic value to society?
Booker T. Washington
Describe the chief characteristics of the educational system at the turn of the 20th century, including important changes that were taking place. Think About</ - elementary and high schools - higher education - the education of African Americans
Both elementary schools and high schools experienced tremendous growth. However, few African Americans had access to public high schools. Elementary school became compulsory in many states, and kindergartens were added to the school system. Elementary schools emphasized reading, writing, and math, but the high school curriculum expanded. In higher education, research universities and professional schools emerged. A very small number of African Americans attended colleges founded by blacks, while more attended vocational schools such as Tuskegee Institute.
All of the following became popular around the turn of the 20th century except
European literature.
This African-American journalist began crusading for racial justice after the lynching of three friends.
Ida B. Wells
In which state was the center of population located in 1900?
Indiana
How did the introduction of the bicycle affect women's lives?
It made many women feel more independent.
These laws were passed in the South to prevent white and black people from intermixing and to prevent blacks from achieving equality.
Jim Crow laws
This Supreme Court decision ruled that separation of the races in public accommodations was legal and did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment. It established the principle of "separate but equal" that would rule Southern racial relations for almost 60 years.
Plessy v. Ferguson
At the turn of the century, what policies and practices kept African Americans in the South from realizing their full political and social rights? Think About</ - voting rights - segregation - the role of the federal government
Poll taxes and literacy tests were used to keep African Americans from voting. Jim Crow laws separated blacks from whites in public and private facilities. Lynchings killed and terrorized black citizens. The Supreme court legalized racial segregation and ignored the Fourteenth Amendment in Plessy v. Ferguson, which established the "separate but equal" doctrine.
Which effect can be traced directly to the Supreme Court's ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson?
Racial segregation was permitted for nearly 60 years.
Which of the following was not true of public education around 1900?
The number of blacks attending public school was rapidly catching up with whites.
By 1900, a mass culture was emerging in the United States. Describe the elements that contributed to this mass culture, and describe the main impact of this mass culture on American society. Think About</ - leisure activities - forms of entertainment - advertising and shopping
The rise of a mass culture meant that middle-class urban Americans all over the nation shared similar experiences. Mass culture at the turn of the 20th century included bicycling and playing tennis, going to amusement parks, and attending spectator sports such as baseball and boxing. Many people also read adventure-packed dime novels and sensational mass-circulation newspapers. People began to shop in department stores and chain stories and ordered goods by catalog. They were also exposed to an explosion of advertising.
According to Du Bois, what three goals should African Americans strive for? Why are these goals important?
They should strive for political power through the vote, insist on their civil rights, and seek higher education. These goals must be reached if blacks are to make substantial economic progress.
Which type of fiction was very popular around the turn of the 20th century?
Western adventure tales
Which development lowered the price of newspapers to a penny a copy?
a printing press that simultaneously printed both sides of the paper
Cities in the late 19th century expanded with the development of all of the following except
airplanes.
The popularity of bicycling and amusement parks reflected which trend of the 1900s?
an interest in leisure activities
How did George Eastman contribute to an explosion in the popularity of photography?
by inventing a camera that used roll film instead of heavy glass plates
This is a system of involuntary labor. After slavery was abolished, Mexicans and African Americans living in the West and Southwest were often forced into this system.
debt peonage
This was added to the constitutions of several Southern states to enable white people to vote who may have been kept from doing so by other restrictions.
grandfather clause
Southern states sometimes used a grandfather clause to allow them to
keep African Americans from voting while allowing whites to do so.
This was given in the South to African Americans by voter registration officials. Some versions were in foreign languages; others were more difficult than the versions given to white voters.
literacy test
All of the following were trends in education around 1900 except
most African Americans attending high school.
This had to be paid to gain access to the voting booth in many Southern states. It effectively kept both poor blacks and poor whites from voting.
poll tax
In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that
racial segregation in public facilities was legal.
The factor that prevented the greatest number of children from attending public high schools was
racism.
In the Southwest, many Mexicans earned a living as
railroad workers and agricultural laborers.
This term is used to refer to any system of separating people on the basis of race.
segregation
Jim Crow laws were laws that
separated the races.
Which of the following did not keep African Americans in the South from voting?
the separate-but-equal doctrine
In which general direction did the center of population shift from 1790 to 1900?
west