VCL Final Practical Study Guide

Bacterial Disease: Toxoplasmosis collection

1 ml of serum or tissue in 10% formalin, can check in cats by fecal

How do you check for calibration of the refractometer?

1.0 with distilled water

Bacterial Disease: Mastitis collection

5-10 ml of milk in sterile container

Ethylene glycol intoxication collection

5-10ml of serum, entire kidney in formalin, urine

nuclear features of malignancy

Anisokaryosis, Macronuclei, Multinucleation, Nuclear molding, Finely dispersed/coarsely clumped chromatin, Thickened, angular, or indented nuclear membrane, Large, multiple, or irregularly shaped nucleoli, abnormal mitotic figures

Describe the procedure for buccal mucosal bleeding time test (BMBT)

Apply a strip of gauze tied around the maxilla holding up the upper lip, make a small incision next to the mucosal surface using a sterile surgical blade or simplate device, blot the blood below incision site using filter paper or gauze sponge during 5 second intervals, when blood is no longer drawn onto filter paper, end point has been reached.

cytoplasmic features of malignancy

Increased basophilia, abnormal vacuoles or granules, cytophagia

aspiration technique for FNA

Introduce needle into mass, ensure strong negative pressure by withdrawing plunger ¾ of volume of syringe, redirect needle within mass in order to collect more specimen if needed, withdraw needle & syringe from mass, remove needle from syringe, draw air into syringe & reattach needle to syringe, expel content of barrel & hub of needle into middle of clear microscope slide by rapidly depressing plunger

Explain the fecal fat digestion test procedure

Mix a small amount of feces with 2-3 drops of sudan III stain on the surface of a microscope slide, place coverslip over the mixture & examine, undigested fat appears as large, refractile, orange droplets.

which blood cells must be able to be identified under the microscope for canine, feline, bovine, and equine?

Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils, Monocytes, Basophils, Band neutrophils

explain how sample is collected for FNA

On lymph nodes or nodular lesions, 22 G needle & 3-12 ml syringe, hold mass firmly to control direction of needle

Explain how to operate the Catalyst DX Chemistry machine

On screen, enter patient name, select catalyst DX, using a pipette place sample into sample cup by pressing down on bottom, squeezing pipette until urine fills to line & not releasing until out of cup to ensure no bubbles, place cup in sample holder, take slides/clips and place them into holder, close door & press square button

Chemical analysis (Chemical reagent dip strip - Chemstrip®)

Place drop of urine on each pad, time each pad for appropriate reading time, 40-120 sec

Preparation of samples for submission to diagnostic laboratories

Practice information, patient & client information, patient signalment, clinical signs & notes, test requisition, location, & # of sites, collect sample aseptically, wear PPE, label specimen container, keep refrigerated

Bacterial Disease: Anthrax collection

affected carcass should not be open, blood sample collected aseptically

RBC in urine sediment

arrow

WBC in urine sediment

arrow head

What is the normal clotting time for adequate hemostasis?

between 1-5 min

Viral Disease: Panleukopenia collection

blood sample in EDTA or section of SI & lymph node in 10% formalin

Viral Disease: Scrapies collection

brain in formalin

Insecticide intoxication collection

brain, stomach, contents, whole blood, liver, & fatty tissue

vaginal cytology procedure

collected by cleaning genitalia first, then a cotton tip swab is rolled against vaginal wall, swab is then rolled onto two clean microscope slides & allowed to dry, heat fix swab then stain using diff quick solutions, examine first under low power, then use high power to identify cell types

Describe the ear cytology procedure

cotton tipped swab to obtain sample from ear canal, gently roll swab along clean glass slide to allow cells & organisms to adhere, allow slide to air dry, stain with diff quick solutions, examine slide under microscope on high power

External parasites collection

deep skin scrape in dry test tube

Viral Disease: Parvovirus collection

feces, SI, or blood in EDTA

Cutaneous mycotic infections collection

frozen skin biopsy

squamous epithelial cells on ear swab slide

lighter stained irregularly shaped squares

what denotes a positive result in the fecal fat digestion test?

more than 10 droplets per high dry power field

Toxicological examinations collection

necropsy

tumor collection

portion of tumor mass & adjacent area of healthy tissue in formalin

yeast on ear swab slide

purple oval snowmen

sample preservations during transport to diagnostic lab

refrigeration, natural ice, dry ice, fixing solution of histological exam (10% formalin), bactericidal solution (10% formalin and 5% phenol)

Viral Disease: Distemper collection

section of lung, liver, bladder, trachea, stomach, & brain in 10% formalin

Bacterial Disease: Salmonellosis collection

sections of liver, spleen, kidney, SI & package each organ in separate container

Bacterial Disease: Brucellosis collection

serum sample following abortion, ship frozen stomach of aborted fetus in sealed container

internal parasites collection

ship fecal

cells to be identified with vaginal cytology

small and large intermediate epithelial cells, superficial epithelial cells with pyknotic nucleus, anuclear superficial epithelial cells, bacteria

bacteria on ear swab slide

small circles

bacteria under vaginal cytology slide

small purple dots

Bacterial Disease: Abscess collection

sterile swab or exudates in sterile tube

crystals found in urine

struvites and calcium oxalate dihydrate

Viral Disease: Rabies collection

unopened, frozen head in sealed container

Ammonia intoxication collection

urine, stomach contents, whole blood

Urinalysis procedure

use Vetstrip 10 kit, pipette 2-5 ml of urine in cone tube, centrifuge, decant supernatant by inverting tube & pouring urine out & leaving pellet, mix pellet, prepare two wet mounts, stain one by placing 1-2 drops of Sedi-Stain in tube & rolling tube between palms of hands, observe with 100x & 400x

Viral Disease: Encephalitis collection

½ of brain in formalin, ½ of brain frozen