VCL Final Practical Study Guide
Bacterial Disease: Toxoplasmosis collection
1 ml of serum or tissue in 10% formalin, can check in cats by fecal
How do you check for calibration of the refractometer?
1.0 with distilled water
Bacterial Disease: Mastitis collection
5-10 ml of milk in sterile container
Ethylene glycol intoxication collection
5-10ml of serum, entire kidney in formalin, urine
nuclear features of malignancy
Anisokaryosis, Macronuclei, Multinucleation, Nuclear molding, Finely dispersed/coarsely clumped chromatin, Thickened, angular, or indented nuclear membrane, Large, multiple, or irregularly shaped nucleoli, abnormal mitotic figures
Describe the procedure for buccal mucosal bleeding time test (BMBT)
Apply a strip of gauze tied around the maxilla holding up the upper lip, make a small incision next to the mucosal surface using a sterile surgical blade or simplate device, blot the blood below incision site using filter paper or gauze sponge during 5 second intervals, when blood is no longer drawn onto filter paper, end point has been reached.
cytoplasmic features of malignancy
Increased basophilia, abnormal vacuoles or granules, cytophagia
aspiration technique for FNA
Introduce needle into mass, ensure strong negative pressure by withdrawing plunger ¾ of volume of syringe, redirect needle within mass in order to collect more specimen if needed, withdraw needle & syringe from mass, remove needle from syringe, draw air into syringe & reattach needle to syringe, expel content of barrel & hub of needle into middle of clear microscope slide by rapidly depressing plunger
Explain the fecal fat digestion test procedure
Mix a small amount of feces with 2-3 drops of sudan III stain on the surface of a microscope slide, place coverslip over the mixture & examine, undigested fat appears as large, refractile, orange droplets.
which blood cells must be able to be identified under the microscope for canine, feline, bovine, and equine?
Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils, Monocytes, Basophils, Band neutrophils
explain how sample is collected for FNA
On lymph nodes or nodular lesions, 22 G needle & 3-12 ml syringe, hold mass firmly to control direction of needle
Explain how to operate the Catalyst DX Chemistry machine
On screen, enter patient name, select catalyst DX, using a pipette place sample into sample cup by pressing down on bottom, squeezing pipette until urine fills to line & not releasing until out of cup to ensure no bubbles, place cup in sample holder, take slides/clips and place them into holder, close door & press square button
Chemical analysis (Chemical reagent dip strip - Chemstrip®)
Place drop of urine on each pad, time each pad for appropriate reading time, 40-120 sec
Preparation of samples for submission to diagnostic laboratories
Practice information, patient & client information, patient signalment, clinical signs & notes, test requisition, location, & # of sites, collect sample aseptically, wear PPE, label specimen container, keep refrigerated
Bacterial Disease: Anthrax collection
affected carcass should not be open, blood sample collected aseptically
RBC in urine sediment
arrow
WBC in urine sediment
arrow head
What is the normal clotting time for adequate hemostasis?
between 1-5 min
Viral Disease: Panleukopenia collection
blood sample in EDTA or section of SI & lymph node in 10% formalin
Viral Disease: Scrapies collection
brain in formalin
Insecticide intoxication collection
brain, stomach, contents, whole blood, liver, & fatty tissue
vaginal cytology procedure
collected by cleaning genitalia first, then a cotton tip swab is rolled against vaginal wall, swab is then rolled onto two clean microscope slides & allowed to dry, heat fix swab then stain using diff quick solutions, examine first under low power, then use high power to identify cell types
Describe the ear cytology procedure
cotton tipped swab to obtain sample from ear canal, gently roll swab along clean glass slide to allow cells & organisms to adhere, allow slide to air dry, stain with diff quick solutions, examine slide under microscope on high power
External parasites collection
deep skin scrape in dry test tube
Viral Disease: Parvovirus collection
feces, SI, or blood in EDTA
Cutaneous mycotic infections collection
frozen skin biopsy
squamous epithelial cells on ear swab slide
lighter stained irregularly shaped squares
what denotes a positive result in the fecal fat digestion test?
more than 10 droplets per high dry power field
Toxicological examinations collection
necropsy
tumor collection
portion of tumor mass & adjacent area of healthy tissue in formalin
yeast on ear swab slide
purple oval snowmen
sample preservations during transport to diagnostic lab
refrigeration, natural ice, dry ice, fixing solution of histological exam (10% formalin), bactericidal solution (10% formalin and 5% phenol)
Viral Disease: Distemper collection
section of lung, liver, bladder, trachea, stomach, & brain in 10% formalin
Bacterial Disease: Salmonellosis collection
sections of liver, spleen, kidney, SI & package each organ in separate container
Bacterial Disease: Brucellosis collection
serum sample following abortion, ship frozen stomach of aborted fetus in sealed container
internal parasites collection
ship fecal
cells to be identified with vaginal cytology
small and large intermediate epithelial cells, superficial epithelial cells with pyknotic nucleus, anuclear superficial epithelial cells, bacteria
bacteria on ear swab slide
small circles
bacteria under vaginal cytology slide
small purple dots
Bacterial Disease: Abscess collection
sterile swab or exudates in sterile tube
crystals found in urine
struvites and calcium oxalate dihydrate
Viral Disease: Rabies collection
unopened, frozen head in sealed container
Ammonia intoxication collection
urine, stomach contents, whole blood
Urinalysis procedure
use Vetstrip 10 kit, pipette 2-5 ml of urine in cone tube, centrifuge, decant supernatant by inverting tube & pouring urine out & leaving pellet, mix pellet, prepare two wet mounts, stain one by placing 1-2 drops of Sedi-Stain in tube & rolling tube between palms of hands, observe with 100x & 400x
Viral Disease: Encephalitis collection
½ of brain in formalin, ½ of brain frozen