Virtualization Midterm Review
BIOS
(Basic Input Output System) is a type of firmware that is limited to 16-bit processor mode and can be used to edit settings stored in a CMOS
UEFI
(Unified Extensible Firmware) is a type of firmware that provides support for newer processors, booting from large partitions, and an advanced graphical user interface
What are the advantages of using UEFI?
Support for newer processors, booting from partitions larger than 2 TB, and a more versatile pre-boot environment with a graphical interface that allows editing of configuration files.
What component of virtualization controls all physical memory, and thus has the ability to make any unused memory pages in each guest available for other virtual machines or the host computer?
The Hypervisor
You are provisioning a virtual machine's SCSI adapter for installation with Windows 10. What SCSI adapter type should you use for performance reasons?
The LSI Logic SAS type, because it uses a serial interface.
What does a configuration file for a virtual machine contain?
The configuration file contains settings for virtual hardware, including the amount of physical RAM the virtual machine uses; the number of CPUs; the name, size, and location of the virtual disk file; CD/DVD-ROM settings; network configuration; port settings; and other configuration options.
After copying a virtual machine, you discover that neither the copy or the original virtual machine can reliably communicate with the network using a bridged network connection. What is most likely the issue?
The copied virtual machine has the same MAC address as the original VM.
What is the purpose of the NX/XD CPU feature present in most modern Intel and AMD processors?
The feature adds a layer of security by marking areas of memory as non-executable.
NAT switch
A VMware Workstation network adapter setting that includes the host computer, and any other virtual machines running on the host that are configured to use NAT. When using this setting, the host computer acts as a NAT router allowing the guest VM to access outside networks, such as the Internet.
universal unique identifier (UUID)
A code that is used by the VMware Workstation hypervisor to identify the virtual machine and assign it a physical (MAC) address.
What is the difference between a template and a clone?
The main difference between a template and a clone is that the clone is a running VM and the template is not.
You are trying to provision a virtual machine within VirtualBox to allow for remote access over the network, and wish to configure authentication for the remote display extension. Where do you find these settings?
They are found within the General section under Preferences for the VM.
Normal mode
This is the default mode for an image file, the guest OS has full access to read and write to it. When a snapshot is created, the state of a normal disk is also saved along with it, so when reverting back to the snapshot it's fully reset.
A type of firmware that provides support for newer processors, booting from large partitions, and an advanced graphical user interface is known as a/an _______________.
UEFI
You are moving a VMware virtual machine to a new computer. Why is it important to consider the virtual machine's UUID?
UUID deals with a VM's MAC address and could be duplicated if moved to another virtual environment.
What VMware Workstation Pro 16 feature allows a host to separate applications from a virtual machine so that they can be run without the VMware interface?
Unity Mode
Writethrough disk mode
Unlike a normal disk, the state of this image is not saved when a snapshot is created, and is not restored when the snapshot is reverted back.
You are planning to install a Windows 7 guest operating system on a virtual hard disk using VMware Workstation Pro 16, and you intend to use a partition that is 3 TB in size. What should you do to ensure that the partition is bootable?
Use a UEFI firmware type
fixed size disk
A hard disk file type which will immediately consume the full size of the virtual hard disk on the host for maximum performance.
dynamically allocated disk
A hard disk file type which will start out small and grow as is needed up to the maximum specified size.
bridged mode
A network mode in which the virtual NIC communicates with the physical network by using the host computer's NIC.
bridged network
A network that uses a bridged switch to allow virtual machines to communicate directly through the host computer's network adapter to the physical network.
switch
A networking device that uses ports to connect multiple NICs to the same network segment. Network packets are passed to a switch port based upon the physical destination MAC address
ballooning
A process whereby the hypervisor inflates the memory requirements of a special driver in a guest OS so that the guest OS will release memory pages to the memory pool. This process allows the hypervisor to more efficiently manage and share the physical memory of the host among multiple VMs.
hyperthreading
An Intel processor chip technology used to create additional virtual cores that can be used by the hypervisor to improve the performance of virtual machines.
What is the most commonly used form of a Storage Area Network?
An iSCSI network
Open Virtualization Format (OVF)
An industry standard way to export and import virtual machines between different hypervisor systems
Immutable disk mode
Any changes made to an image in this mode will be lost when the virtual machine is powered down. This is useful as the guest OS can't be permanently damaged by user changes.
A type of firmware that is limited to 16-bit processor mode and can be used to edit settings stored in a CMOS is a/an _______________.
BIOS
When in the Virtual Machine Hardware Compatibility window of VMware Workstation Pro 16, what checkbox should be selected to provide compatibility for migration of the virtual machine to the vSphere Hypervisor?
ESX Server compatibility
A VMware Workstation Pro 16 feature that allows you to automate the installation of recent Windows and Linux operating systems is named ________________.
Easy Install
You are attempting to change the boot device of a virtual machine. What key can be pressed during the VM BIOS screen to change the boot device?
F12
Where can you manually connect a USB device to a virtual machine on VMware Workstation Pro 16?
From the VM menu, select Removable Devices, then attach the USB device.
You have restored a snapshot on a VMware Workstation Pro 16 based virtual machine, only to discover that after reverting, an independent disk has not been reverted. What is the issue?
Independent disks are not included in snapshots.
What is the purpose of a shadow page table when a hypervisor is used?
It tracks the memory pages allocated by each guest VM.
You are using VMware Workstation Pro 16 and are currently on the "Select I/O Controller Types" window. What are your choices for configuration of the adapter in this window
LSI Logic, ATA logic, Parallel Logic, and ATAPI
What option is a valid choice when choosing the adapter type for a SCSI adapter within VMware Workstation Pro 16?
LSI logic
What format enables a virtual machine to be moved between virtualization platforms, and is often used for deploying virtual appliances?
OVF (Open virtualization format)
What is the Open Virtualization Format, and how does it facilitate the migration of virtual machines between hypervisors?
OVF is the standard that was created by vendors . By using the OVF format and different types of software you can take that format and run your VM from one host to the other.
What open standard was developed as a result of collaboration between NASA and Rackspace?
OpenStack
Thick Client
Personal computers that run their own operating system and applications on the local computer
What type of cloud computing service provides hardware infrastructure along with necessary operating system software for running client applications?
Platform as a Service
snapshots
Preserves the current state of a virtual disk so it can be returned later even after many changes to the guest OS.
You have finished configuring the Remote Display extension for VirtualBox, and must instruct a user on how to connect to the host. What protocol must the user utilize to communicate using this extension?
RDP
host key
Returns control of the mouse and keyboard to the host operating system.
What keyboard shortcut can be used to send a Ctrl + Alt + Delete sequence to a virtual machine in VirtualBox?
Right Ctrl + Del
While using VirtualBox in full screen mode, what key press combination will display the main menu bar?
Right Ctrl + Home
What virtualization technology makes it possible to avoid overhead associated with software-managed shadow page tables?
Second Level Address Translation (SLAT)
Shareable disk mode
Similar to the Writethrough mode, except that the image file can be used by multiple virtual machines at the same time. This type of image must be of a fixed size, it cannot be dynamic.
You are storing a virtual disk on a partition that is FAT32 formatted. What option in VMware Workstation Pro 16 should you select to avoid the limitations of FAT32?
Split virtual disk into multiple files
While using VMware Workstation Pro 16, you notice that virtual machine performance is starting to slow. Upon further investigation, you discover that the virtual machines are causing paging on the host, despite plenty of RAM being available. What should you do to improve performance?
Use the "Fit all virtual machine memory into reserved host RAM" option.
When using VMware Workstation Pro 16 Tools in a VM, the host machine's printers are added to the virtual machine. How is this accomplished?
VMware tools creates a virtual serial port to attach the printers.
What is a valid product that the "Connect to Server" option in the File Menu for VMware Workstation Pro 16 will function with?
VMware vSphere
What configuration setting determines the maximum screen resolution and number of colors for a VM?
Video RAM
The VDI disk file format is native to what virtualization platform?
VirtualBox
Give the valid requirements for the installation of VirtualBox?
VirtualBox requires a recent Intel or AMD x86 CPU; hardware virtualization support is recommended but not required. It requires at least 30 MB disk space and 512 MB of RAM. You should also check memory and disk space requirements for the running guest OSs and add these requirements to the host OS requirements.
When utilizing UEFI in VMware, what is the oldest version of Windows that can be installed?
Windows 8
What is the oldest version of Windows Server to support the use of Microsoft's Hyper-V product?
Windows Server 2008
When using the VMware Horizon software, where do client desktop operating systems run?
Within a virtual environment on a host using Vsphere hypervisor (ESXi)
While modifying a disk image within VirtualBox, what mode causes the state of the disk image to not be saved when a snapshot is created, and not restored when a snapshot is reverted back?
Writethrough mode
What hypervisor uses a special guest called Domain 0 that loads along with the hypervisor and is used to directly access the hardware?
Xen
How can you use and view snapshots within VMware Workstation Pro 16?
You can use the snapshot manager option. To take a snapshot you click the "Take a Snapshot of this Virtual Machine" button located on the toolbar. To view your current snapshots you will go to the manage snapshots button from the tool bar menu.
What does an operating system installed in a guest virtual machine do /do best/not do well/etc.?
an operating system installed in a guest virtual machine interacts with installed hardware through a thin layer of software called the virtualization layer or hypervisor.
What are the three major methods that VMware Workstation Pro 16 supports for transferring and sharing files with a VM, and how are they used?
dragging and dropping files, using shared folders, or mapping virtual disks.
A virtual switch that isolates the virtual machine from the physical network but allows communication with the host computer is called ______________.
host only switch
Describe linked clones within VMware Workstation Pro 16. Give specifics!
linked clones use less disk space because they share the base virtual machine files with the parent or snapshot. Multiple linked clones can be based on the same parent, saving a lot of memory when you have several virtual machines that share similar configurations. Any changes made to each of the linked clones are stored in separate files on the host computer
You have been tasked with creating a virtual machine that will require access to the Internet, but should be prevented from sending and receiving packets directly from the physical network. What network mode should be used?
shared (NAT) mode
A device that uses ports to connect multiple NICs to the same network and uses MAC addresses to determine which port traffic is to be sent to is referred to as a/an _______________________.
switch
A code that identifies a virtual machine and is part of a machine's physical network address is a/an _____.
universal unique identifier (UUID)
What feature, supported by VMWare, allows the live migration of a running VM from one host to another.
vMotion
A software emulated device that provides access to virtual networks is a/an _________.
virtual switch
A virtual switch that includes the host computer's NIC, allowing a virtual machine to be part of the physical network is calld a/an __________________.
virtual switch
hypervisor
A virtualization software component that shares physical hardware devices with guest virtual machines.
What key combination in VMware Workstation Pro 16 will bring up the Snapshot Manager?
Ctrl + M
Why are type-1 hypervisors more efficient than type-2 hypervisors?
Access the hardware directly rather than going through an OS
bridged switch
A VMware Workstation network adapter setting that allows the guest OS to connect through the host computer NIC to the local network. The virtual machine will appear as another device attached to the physical network.
host-only switch
A VMware Workstation network adapter setting that connects the virtual machine to a virtual switch that contains only the Host computer and any other virtual machines that are also connected to the host-only switch.
What is the maximum number of virtual hard disks that can be supported on the SATA controller within VirtualBox?
30
What is the maximum number of network adapters that can be configured for a virtual machine running in VirtualBox?
4
You are configuring an IDE controller within VirtualBox. How many drives are you allowed to add to the controller?
4
"Easy Install"
A VMware Workstation feature that will automatically install the guest OS when the VM is initially create.
virtual switch
A software based switch that exists in the hypervisor and is used to connect virtual machines to an internal network as well as provide an optional pathway to the physical network.
What is the difference between a thick client and a thin client?
A thin client is browser based and can be used to connect their device to a virtual desktop. It doesn't need a heavy installation it is a small software package. A thick package is bulky not browser based it is more of an application. It takes a lot of time and support and they limit the number and type of devices available to users.
dynamic virtual disk
A virtual disk file that uses only the amount of disk space on the host required to hold the virtual machine's files; it can expand up to the maximum size as needed. See also virtual disk file.
What is the difference between a fixed size virtual disk and a dynamic virtual disk?
A virtual disk file that uses the entire amount of disk space on the host immediately for increased performance. See also virtual disk file. A virtual disk file that uses only the amount of disk space on the host required to hold the virtual machine's files; it can expand up to the maximum size as needed. See also virtual disk file.
virtual appliance
A virtual machine package that is specialized to run specific applications, which are usually already configured and installed on the appliance
linked clone
A virtual machine that is linked to a parent. The parent contains the desktop OS and shared storage while the linked clones contains only the changes made to the parent VM. When loading a linked clone, the hypervisor starts by loading the parent and then applies any information and changes from the clone copy.
linked clones
A virtual machine that is linked to a parent. The parent contains the desktop OS and shared storage while the linked clones contains only the changes made to the parent VM. When loading a linked clone, the hypervisor starts by loading the parent and then applies any information and changes from the clone copy.
full clone
A virtual machine with an exact copy of the original virtual machine's disk files.
You have been tasked with creating a virtual machine that will be providing hosted services on the physical network, and possibly the Internet. What network mode should be used?
Bridged Mode
What are the three network modes that can be used for a virtual machine, and what does each mode do?
Bridged, shared and host-only. Host only is a local mode it uses an emulated NIC and is isolated for the outer world . Bridged is when the virtual machine card establishes a connection with your computers network card. A bridges switch includes the hosts pcs physical NIC. Shared allows access from outside networks but isolates the virtual machine it also uses a virtual switch..
On a Windows 10 host, where is the default storage location for virtual machines when using VMware Workstation Pro 16?
C:\Users\username\Documents\Virtual Machines
When settings are changed in the BIOS user interface, where are they stored?
CMOS
An ISO image file uses what format to store a disc's contents in a single file on a computer?
ISO 9660
While modifying a disk image within VirtualBox, what mode causes any changes made to the disk image to be lost when the VM is powered down?
Immutable mode
What is the difference between a Storage Area Network and a Network Attached Storage device?
In NAS, the storage device acts as a file server, allowing access to files and folders on the network based on name. The problem with NAS devices is they typically have slower access times than local hard drives and are designed to run on slower Ethernet networks. In a SAN, the storage devices are attached to a dedicated high speed network and accessed by blocks in much the same way that disks are accessed on a local file system.
Where can you change the IP address range utilized by the virtual network switches in VMware Workstation Pro 16?
In the Virtual Network Editor option from the Edit menu
How do the three types of cloud computing differ from each other?
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is the most basic cloud service offering computers and servers (typically virtual machines) along with other resources such as virtual switches, storage, firewalls, and other virtualized devices Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides the hardware infrastructure along with the operating system software needed to run or develop the client's applications. Software as a Service (SaaS) is perhaps the most common cloud service as it allows users to run software packages without the cost and hassle of installing the software on a device.
You are employed by a cloud service provider that offers virtual machine services along with virtual switches, storage, firewalls, and other virtual devices. What type of cloud environment does your employer sell?
Infstructure as a service. (IaaS)
A VM for Windows 8 has been created within VirtualBox. What will be the default virtual network adapter type for this VM?
Intel PRO/1000 MT Desktop
How does the Easy Install feature work within VMware Workstation Pro 16, and what parts of the install does it automate?
It automates installing a recent Windows or Linux OS while creating a virtual machine. It can partition and formats the drive automatically, install the product key and other supplied details, as well as install VMware tools.
What does the AutoProtect feature do within VMware Workstation Pro 16?
It automatically takes snapshots at a given interval to enable quick recovery.
What does VMware Tools consist of, and how are they installed?
It consists of utilities and drivers. They are installed on the guest OS and improve performance and add enhanced management options. This is automatically installed with the Easy Install option or installed manually after the OS is installed.
When working with the toolbar for VirtualBox, what does the "Discard" setting do?
It discards the saved state of the virtual machine and starts the virtual machine fresh.
What does the PAE/NX option do when it is enabled?
It enables 32-bit operating systems to access more than 4 GB of RAM.
What is VMware Converter, and how is it used?
It is a powerful tool that can be used to convert an existing physical computer to a VM or used to convert virtual machines created with other virtualization software to VMware-formatted machines.
When a Xen based guest VM makes a request for a hardware resource, such as reading from a disk, where is the request sent to?
It is sent to the Domain 0 guest
What does the "ACPI Shutdown" option from the Machine menu do?
It performs a safe and proper shutdown of the VM.
Under what menu within VirtualBox can the "Discard Saved State" be found?
Machine Menu
Where can the option to enable Unity mode be found?
Menu tool bar
While modifying a disk image within VirtualBox, what mode allows for multiple virtual machines to share a single disk image at the same time, as well as store the changes unique to each VM?
Multi-attach mode
A virtual machine is being migrated to VirtualBox, and you are examining the requirements for the virtual machine. One requirement in particular is that the virtual machine must be able to use up to seven serial ports. Will the migration be successful?
No, VirtualBox can only support 4 serial ports max.
When modifying a disk image in VirtualBox, what mode provides full access to the guest OS to read and write, so that when a snapshot is created, the state of the disk is also saved with it?
Normal mode
How might a software developer benefit from the use of virtualization?
Not just with distributing the software but with developing the software. Multiple OS can be tested with the software without the cost of having 3 separate PC running 3 different OSs.
You have just configured a virtual machine using default options where possible and turned it on for the first time. You discover the IP address of the guest is outside the IP address range of your physical network but is still able to communicate with the Internet. What is the explanation for the difference in IP address?
The network adapter for the virtual machine is using the default NAT switch option
server sprawl
The result of hosting specialized applications on several underused servers
While using a linked clone, what option should be enabled to ensure the parent or snapshot is not deleted or changed?
The template option should be enabled on the parent
You are actively using a virtual machine on your host computer and have noticed that the virtual machine is connecting each USB device you connect to your system automatically. What must be done to change this setting?
The virtual machine must be powered off, and the "Automatically connect new USB devices" option must be turned off.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the physical disk option in VMware?
Using the physical disk option can increase virtual disk speed by allowing the virtual machine to read and write directly from a physical disk, instead of using the host computer's file system for disk accesses, as with the other virtual disk options. However, the physical disk option has the disadvantage of making it more difficult to move the virtual machine to another host computer and should be used only when increased disk performance is more important than the virtual machine's mobility.
Why has VDI (Virtual Desktop Infrastructure) become such a major player in IT data centers?
VDI allows the IT staff to host all user desktop environments on virtual machines running on powerful data center hosts or servers. IT staff can quickly deploy new virtual desktop environments or update existing environments at the data center using administrative software tools as compared to going out to the user's office or having the user bring their computer into the data center for maintenance.
What virtual network switch in VMware Workstation Pro 16 is used for bridged communications with the physical network?
VMnet0
What two virtual network switches in VMware Workstation Pro 16 provide communication with virtual machines without using the physical network?
VMnet1 and VMnet8
What virtual switch, created by default with VMware Workstation Pro 16, is used to connect a virtual machine to the host computer via NAT?
VMnet8
Your work environment consists of a large number of Mac OS X based devices. The developers in your network have requested virtualization software be installed for their use. What product should you use or recommend?
VMware Fusion
Using this network mode within VMware Workstation Pro 16 makes a virtual machine appear as another physical computer on a network. Name this mode. (not this tune!)
bridged network
A virtual switch that is connected to an internal virtual network that includes itself, the host computer, and any other virtual machines that are configured to use it is called ______________.
bridged switch
What are the three different types of virtual switch supported by VMware Workstation Pro 16, and what do they do?
bridged switch: includes the host computer's NIC, allowing the virtual machine to be part of the physical network. host only switch: A host-only switch isolates the virtual machine from the physical network but allows communication with the host computer NAT :The NAT router enables virtual machines connected to VMnet8 to access the external network by using the host computer's IP address