Vocabulary
What Is the Difference Between An HR Generalist and An HR Specialist?
An HR generalist usually provides guidance, support, management, and serves as a source of help and information on human resource matters. HR specialists are responsible for specific human resource management functions within the organization
Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978
An amendment to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, this Act makes it illegal to discriminate against a woman because of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions.
Older Workers Benefit Protection Act of 1990 (OWBPA)
An amendment to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), the OWBPA is intended to safeguard older worker's employee benefits from age discrimination.
What Are the Five Functional Areas of HR That a Generalist Should Know?
1. Training and development 2. Compensation and benefits 3. Employee and Labor relations 4. Recruiting and selecting employees 5. Health safety and security
What Groups/stakeholders Are Involved in the Needs Assessment?
1. Upper-level managers can appropriately provide input on the vision of the organization 2. Middle-level managers can advise on the nature of specific performance problems 3. Training managers and instructional designers need to assess whether potential training programs are aligned with business strategy 4. Subject Matter Experts (SME's)
What Three Actions Increase Transfer of Training?
1. ensuring conditions in the training program are identical to those in the job 2. teaching principles for applying the behaviors learned in the training program to the job situation 3. using the contract plan
What Are the Three Basic Elements of An Affirmative Action Plan?
1. reasonable self-analysis 2. reasonable rational for taking affirmative action 3. reasonable affirmative action
What Is a "Criterion"?
A behavior that represents a successful job-holder
Employment At-will
A common-law rule for employment contracts that presume an employer can generally hire, fire, or promote an employee for any reason at any time. In addition, employees can leave for any reason at any time.
Culture
A culture represents an organization's value system. It includes factors such as employees' willingness to work, their ethics, how the organization thinks they should be treated, and so on.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
A federal agency created by the Civil Rights Act of 1964, tasked with formal enforcement of employment discrimination law.
Affordable Care Act (ACA)
A federal law passed in 2010, which prohibits insurers from denying coverage to individuals with pre-existing conditions, sets minimum standards for health insurance policies, includes an individual mandate for individuals to have a health insurance policy, and expands Medicaid eligibility for many individuals and families.
Equal Pay Act of 1963 (EPA)
A federal law requiring that employers provide equal pay for men and women who do similar work in the same workplace.
Rehabilitation Act of 1973
A federal law that makes it illegal to discriminate against a qualified person with a disability in the federal government. The Act also authorizes state grants for rehabilitation services to disabled persons.
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA)
A federal law that makes it illegal to hire or recruit illegal immigrants knowingly. Under IRCA, employers may hire only persons who may legally work in the U.S., i.e., citizens and nationals of the U.S. and aliens authorized to work in the U.S. The employer must verify the identity and employment eligibility of anyone to be hired, which includes completing the Employment Eligibility Verification Form (I-9).
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)
A federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability. The ADA ensures equal opportunity for individuals with disabilities in all aspects of employment as well as in other public services.
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA)
A federal law that prohibits the use of genetic information in employment decisions and restricts employers from requesting, requiring, or purchasing genetic information.
Uniformed Services Employment and Re-employment Rights Act (USERRA)
A federal law that protects military service members' and veterans' civilian employment rights. Among other things, under certain conditions, USERRA requires employers to put individuals back to work in their civilian jobs after military service.
Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA)
A federal law that protects workers age 40 and older from employment discrimination based on their age.
Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA)
A federal law that restricts child labor and establishes minimum wage and overtime pay standards for employees. The intent of the law was to "put a floor under wages and a ceiling over hours of work and to abolish abuses of child labor."
Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA)
A federal law that sets minimum standards for pension plans in the private sector.
What Is a Learning Organization?
A particular type of organization culture, where culture reflects the values, attitudes, and basic operating assumptions that are widely shared among organizational participants; members recognize the importance of learning at all levels; learning is a continuous process that runs parallel to work, focus on creativity and innovation, rewards individual and group learning and development.
Straight Ranking Appraisal
A performance-evaluation method in which a superior lists the subordinates in order, from best to worst, usually on the basis of overall performance.
Forced Distribution Appraisal
A performance-evaluation method in which a superior must assign only a certain proportion of subordinates to each of several categories with respect to each other. A common forced-distribution scale may be divided into five categories, with a fixed percentage of all subordinates in a group falling within each of these categories.
Paired Comparison Appraisal
A performance-evaluation method in which each employee is compared to every other incumbent, two at a time on a single standard, to determine which is "better."
What Is a Job Posting?
Advertisement (either physical or virtual) that exposes the job opening to a large number of potential applicants for screening while maintaining a low cost per applicant
Affirmative Action
Affirmative action is any action taken by an employer to overcome discriminatory effects of past or current practices or policies that create barriers to equal employment opportunity.
Why Would a Company Conduct a SWOT Analysis?
Allows leadership to assess the firm's internal abilities and vulnerabilities to the external environment
What Is the Role of Reference Checks?
Allows us to gather information from other people's perspective on the candidate. May find out attributes or situations we would otherwise miss.
What Is the Purpose of An Interview?
Assists in gathering information about a candidates KSA's through questions (content of the job) and also allows us to assess verbal communication, interpersonal skills, and other areas through the process of the interview itself.
KSAs
KSAs are a person's knowledge, skills, and abilities. Knowledge is a theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. Skills are proficiencies developed through experience. Abilities, more enduring than skills, are qualities that a person has to perform a certain task.
BFOQ
Bona fide occupational qualifications are employment qualifications that employers are permitted to consider while making decisions about hiring and retaining employees. However, consideration of these qualities in any other contexts might be deemed discriminatory.
Narrative Essay Appraisal
Evaluation method in which the rater describes the employee's strengths and weaknesses and suggests methods for improving performance.
What Is the Major Difference Between Fixed and Variable Compensation?
Fixed pay may be seen as the amount known in advance; variable compensation is determined by performance or productivity during the pay period or another period of time that adds to the employee earnings
What Information Does a Candidate Profile Provide?
Information regarding the candidate's experience or skills related to specific jobs and may list the candidate's job preferences and interests.
Why Is Conducting a Job Analysis Critical to Employee Selection?
It increases accuracy of job descriptions in recruiting, and it aids in developing job-related selection procedures.
What Is the Main Benefit to Organizations of New Employee Orientation and Socialization?
It will help reduce turnover among the new employees.
What Is "Employee Selection"?
Process or series of steps to determine the most qualified candidates from the applicant pool.
Job Evaluation
Process to determine the relative worth of job-related contributions.
What Is the Purpose of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act?
Prohibits discrimination of candidates or current employees based on the likelihood that potential employees (or their family members) will have future health issues; protects the rights of genetic information to be held confidential
What Is the Purpose of the Americans with Disabilities Act?
Prohibits discrimination of qualified people with disabilities who can perform the essential functions of a job with or without a reasonable accommodation. Recruiter may need to have an interactive conversation to determine reasonable accommodation.
What Groups Are Protected Under Title VII?
Race, Color, Religion, Sex, or National origin
Recruiting
Recruiting is the set of activities and processes used to obtain sufficient numbers of qualified people so that an organization can select the most appropriate candidates to fill its job needs.
Religious Discrimination
Religious discrimination is the unfavorable or unfair treatment of a person on the basis of that person's religious beliefs.
Replacement Planning
Replacement planning uses charts that show the names of the current occupants of positions in the organization and the names of likely replacements.
What Is Job Rotation?
Requires trainees to learn the tasks and functions of multiple job positions
Variable Compensation
Rewards that link employee pay to employee and organizational performance. Examples include forms of profit sharing, bonuses, stock options, merit pay, and piecework plans.
SWOT Analysis
SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The SWOT analysis provides the firm actionable direction for competing in the marketplace.
Define the Term "Supply"
The number and types of employees who will be available now or in the future to fill the jobs
Define the Term "Demand"
The number and types of employees you will need to achieve the organization's strategic mission
Employee Benefits
The parts of the total compensation package (other than pay for time worked) provided to employees in whole or in part by employer payments such as life insurance, pension, worker's compensation, and vacation. Rewards are provided by the organization to employees for their membership and/or participation (attendance) in the organization.
Predictors
The pieces of information obtained from a job candidate that are used to predict how successfully the candidate will perform in a future job.
Moral Philosophy
The principles, rules, and values that individuals use in deciding what is right or wrong.
What Is Job Evaluation?
The process of comparing jobs by the use of formal and systemic procedures to determine their relative worth within the organization; used to create a job structure such as pay grades or bands
Selection
The process of gathering information about job applicants to determine who should be hired for an available position.
Orientation
The process of introducing the employee to the work environment.
Public-policy Exception
The public-policy exception is an exception to the employment-at-will doctrine. Under this exception, an employer can not terminate an employee for reasons that would violate public-policy interest or statute.
Quality of Work Life
The quality of life experienced by employees in their work environments.
Why Is the ADDIE Model Beneficial to the Training Process?
The results of evaluation from one training program become part of the assessment of needs for the next program.
Gender Discrimination
The unfavorable treatment of someone (an applicant or employee) on the basis of their sex.
What Is the Drawback to Peer Appraisals?
The validity of peer appraisals is reduced somewhat if the organizational reward system is highly competitive and based on performance, and if there is a low level of trust among subordinates.
Business Ethics
The values and principles that are used to evaluate whether the collective behavior of an organization's members is appropriate.
What Are Business Ethics?
The values and principles that are used to evaluate whether the collective behavior of members of an organization are appropriate
Civil Rights Acts of 1866, 1870, and 1871
These acts prohibit employers from discriminating against minorities.
Civil Rights Act of 1991
This Act allows for compensatory and punitive damages for violations of Title VII.
Threats
Threats are conditions, trends, or barriers in the external environment that hinder firm performance.
What Is An "Attraction" Plan?
Type of HR Program in which the employer creates a workplace culture that attracts and retains workers
What Is a Narrative Essay?
Type of performance appraisal in which the supervisor writes notes and examples of critical performance incidents (positive and negative) during the appraisal period.
What Are the Two Type of Criteria?
Ultimate criterion and Actual criterion
What Protected Categories Are Covered Under Affirmative Action?
Women, African Americans, Asians, Pacific Islanders, American Indian/Alaska Native, disabled persons, and veterans
Employee Referral Programs
Word-of-mouth advertisements that generally involve rewarding employees for referring skilled job applicants to an organization.
What Are the Four Implicit HR Objectives?
1. Improve productivity 2.Improve quality of work 3. Ensure legal compliance 4. Ensure ethical behavior
What Are the Six Major Trends That Represent the Major Events That Influence the Growth and Importance of HRM?
1. Increased competition 2. The costs and benefits associated with HR utilization 3. Productivity changes 4. The increasing pace and complexity of social, cultural, legal, demographic, and educational changes 5. The symptoms of dysfunction in the workplace 6. Societal trends of the 21st century
What Are the Eight Characteristics of a Strong HR Professional?
1. Knowledge of the business and industry (business acumen) 2. Greater understanding of economic phenomena 3. Analytical abilities 4. Leadership and influence 5. Propensity for action 6. Engagement 7. Political Awareness 8. Customer focus
What Are the Various Ways Implied Contracts Are Created?
1. Oral 2. Actions of employer 3. Handbooks 4. Procedures
What Uses of Performance Appraisal Are Considered Administrative Actions?
1. Promotion 2. Wage and salary decisions 3. Validation of employee selection approaches 4. Evaluation of training effectiveness
What Are the Six Competencies of a Solid HR Professional?
1. Provide transformational leadership 2. Collaborate and resolve strategic challenges within the firm 3. Encourage real employee involvement 4. Empower and facilitate learning as well as change and decision-making 5. Design process and performance systems 6. Maintain a global business perspective
What Are the Three Exceptions to "Employment At-will"?
1. Public policy exception 2. Implied contract exception 3. Implied convent of good faith exception
What Are the Three Goals of the Needs Assessment Step?
1. To determine whether a training need exists, 2. to identify where in the organization this need exists, and 3. to determine the precise nature of the required training
Why Is a Learning Organization Beneficial?
1. Acquiring knowledge 2. Increased transfer of knowledge
Hr Is Influenced By What Four Internal Environment Factors?
1. Culture; shaped by top management values 2. Technology; refers to the firm's equipment and knowledge 3. Organizational structure 4. Organizational size
What Is Indirect Compensation?
1. Employee benefits 2. Employee training 3. Employee services
What Uses of Performance Appraisal Are Considered Developmental Actions?
1. Feedback for performance improvement 2. Identification of training needs 3. Career planning
Nominal Grouping Technique
A group process involving problem identification, solution generation, and decision-making.
Job Rotation
A job design technique in which employees are moved between two or more jobs in a planned manner. The objective is to expose employees to different experiences and a wider variety of skills for cross-training and enhanced job satisfaction.
Delphi Technique
A method of group decision-making and forecasting that involves successively collating the judgments of experts.
Title VII
A part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
Peer Appraisal
Assessment of an employee's performance or future success by his or her work colleagues. Often considered an effective tool when teamwork and participation are part of the organizational culture.
What Is Affirmative Action?
A plan an employer must complete, per the government, due to past or current discriminatory practices or because the company accepted Federal monies through a grant or contract (Exec. Order 10925)
Promotion-within Policy
A policy in which the employer states a commitment to consider current employees for new or replacement job opportunities before hiring candidates from outside the organization.
Precedents
A precedent is a controlling rule, example, or guide established by a judge that provides a framework for other judges to follow in later cases.
Simple Linear Regression
A projection of future demand is based on a past relationship between the organization's employment level and a variable related to employment, such as sales. A linear regression shows how these measures are connected.
Givebacks
A reduction in employee wages or benefits conceded by a labor union in exchange for other benefits or in recognition of unfavorable economic conditions.
Defined Benefit Plan
A retirement plan in which the employer commits (and pays) a specific monthly benefit (or amount) to the employee when the employee retires.
Defined Contribution Plan
A retirement plan in which the employer pays a specific amount, or contribution, to an employee's retirement during each pay period that the employee is with the firm. Both the traditional 401(k) and Roth 401(k) plans are examples of defined contribution plans.
Application
A screening instrument that gathers a large amount of applicant biographical and vocational information for relatively little cost.
What Is a "Wage-dividend" Plan?
A special type of cash plan in which the company sets the percentage of profits paid to employees according to the amount of dividends paid to stockholders
Strategy
A strategy is the plan an organization has to compete in a marketplace. A strategy can consist of products and services, employees, and the organization's goals, among other things.
What Is Ultimate Criteria?
A theoretical construct or abstract idea that can never actually be measured. It represents a complete set of ideal factors that constitute a successful person.
What Are the 5 Steps of the ADDIE Model?
Assessment, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation
Utilitarian Theories
A utilitarian theory of ethics evaluates the rightness or wrongness of an action based on the consequences of that action.
What Is An Employee Referral?
A word-of-mouth advertisement in which a current employee refers a skilled job applicant to an organization.
HRM
Abbreviation for Human Resource Management
HRP
Abbreviation for Human Resource Planning
Disability
According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, a disability includes: a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities; a record of such impairment; or being perceived as having such an impairment.
What Is Employee Training?
Actions to correct employee skill deficiencies; seeks to improve employee in current job role by increasing knowledge, skill or other ability levels
What Is Employee Development?
Actions to help prepare employees for career changes; seeks to provide knowledge, skills or abilities that apply to future roles in the organization
Training
Activities or actions directed toward employees' improvement on the current job.
Development
Activities or actions that help an employee prepare for future jobs.
Implied-contract Exception
An exception to the employment-at-will doctrine stating that a legally binding agreement is created between an employer and employee based on their actions, and not on a formal contract.
Implied Covenant-of-good-faith-and-fair-dealing Exception
An exception to the employment-at-will doctrine stating that each party in an employment relationship has made an implied promise to treat the other in good faith and fairness.
Multiple Linear Regression
An extension of simple linear regression analysis. However, in multiple linear regression, instead of relating employment to just one variable, multiple variables are used.
Job Posting
An open invitation to all employees, through prominent display of notice, to apply for a job vacancy.
Learning Organization
An organization that is dedicated to the acquisition or development of knowledge and disseminating that knowledge throughout the organization, with the intent of continually transforming itself to better meet the demands of customers.
Reasonable Accommodation
Any change to a job, the work environment, or the way things are customarily done that enables a person with a disability to enjoy equal employment opportunities.
What Is the Role of An Application Blank?
Applications are an effective method for gathering a large amount of applicant biographical information for relatively little cost.
What Is An Employment Agency?
Business that pre-screens and provides applicants that employers would have difficulty finding otherwise.
How Was the EEOC Created?
By the Civil Rights Act of 1964
What Is a Walk-in?
Candidate approaches the employer about job; employer may or may not have a job opening that is a fit for candidate
What Is a Temporary Agency?
Companies that place temporary, temp to hire, or "permanent" hires; agency performs pre-screening and is also the "employer of record" for paychecks and any benefit provision
What Is Fixed Pay?
Compensation that does not vary according to performance; also known as "base pay," fixed pay is non-discretionary compensation
What Actions May Improve Performance?
Compensation; letting workers to design their own jobs; goal setting
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Comprehensive civil rights legislation, signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, which prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
Reference Checks
Contacting previous employers of a job applicant to determine his or her job history. Reference checks may also include checking with school(s) or college(s) attended by the applicant to verify educational qualifications.
What Are the Main Benefits of a Diverse Workforce?
Creativity and innovation.
What Is a Transfer?
Current employee moves from one position in the company to another of a similar skill and pay level
What Is a Promotion?
Current employee moves from one position in the company to one of a higher skill and/or pay level
What Is Empirical Validity?
Describes how closely scores on a test correlate with behavior as measured in other contexts (evidence or proof of predicting success).
What Information Does a Job Profile Provide?
Detailed job descriptions as well as job specifications
What Is the Difference Between Direct and Indirect Compensation (Benefits)?
Direct compensation is monies given through wages and salaries; the terms "fringe benefits" and "benefits-pay" are used by many corporations to denote indirect compensation
Gender Identity Discrimination
Discrimination against an individual because that person is transgender, lesbian, gay, or bisexual.
What Is Religious Discrimination?
Discrimination against anyone in the workplace because of their actual or assumed religious beliefs or activities.
What Is Sexual Discrimination?
Discrimination against anyone in the workplace because of their sex.
What Is National Origin Discrimination?
Discrimination involves treating people unfavorably because they are from a particular country or part of the world, because of affiliation with a particular country, or because they associate with those from another country/region.
What Is the Difference Between Diversity and Inclusion?
Diversity is the differences between people (personality, education, race, build, etc.); inclusion is respect and valuing people in order to achieve a common goal
What Is "Employment At-will"?
Doctrine under which the employer may terminate an employee at any time, and the employee can leave a job at any time, and for any reason, without facing adverse legal consequences.
Empirical Validity
Empirical validity (also called statistical or predictive validity) describes how closely scores on a test correspond (correlate) with behavior as measured in other contexts.
What Is a Main Consequence to Employees of the "Employment At-will"?
Employees now have less financial security
Internal Environment
Factors that organizations control as they interact in the global marketplace, such as culture, product development, and strategy.
What Is the EEOC Responsible for Enforcing?
Federal anti-discrimination statutes
What Is the Forced Distribution Method?
Forced-ranking system that aligns people in preset "buckets" (such as the top 20 percent, the middle 70 percent, and the low-performing 10 percent; 10/80/10; or even just into thirds)
What Two Types of Data Are Typically Gathered During the Evaluation Phase?
Formative and Summative
What Is Included in the Design Phase?
Goals, objectives, and evaluation tasks that must be developed and sequenced; similar to a blueprint before building a house
HR Generalists
HR generalists usually provide guidance to employees, support management, and serve as a source of help and information on human resource matters.
Redundancy Planning
HR planning associated with the process of laying off employees who are no longer needed.
Why Are Ethics Important in Human Resource Administration?
HR professionals play a central role in creating and sustaining a positive work environment; it is important that they consistently engage in ethical behavior (role model)
What Is a "Reduction" Plan?
HR program in which company needs to lay off employees
HR Specialists
HR specialists are responsible for specific human resource management functions within an organization, such as recruiting, training, or compensation.
Why Is Having a Reliable Selection Process Important?
High reliability increases the likelihood of a positive work environment and the overall productivity in the organization; it allows us to "lean on" the test results or process results to make our decisions.
Why Is Having a Valid Selection Process Important?
High validity ensures that applicants who are potentially the best qualified can be identified, whereas poor validity of a selection process can cause the organization to face legal action.
Define "Validity"
How accurately and precisely a measure assesses an attribute; it assumes the appropriateness of using a given measuring device for drawing inferences about the criteria
What Is Construct Validity?
How well a test measures what it claims to measure; measures a complicated psychological trait or skill such as intelligence or personality
Human Resource Management
Human resource management, or HRM, is responsible for the recruitment, selection, training, and motivation of the organization's employees. HRM is therefore concerned with the fundamental task of defining and analyzing jobs in organizations.
Human Resource Planning
Human resource planning, or HRP, involves forecasting the human resource needs of an organization and planning whatever is necessary to meet those needs.
Indirect Compensation
In addition to direct compensation, rewards that employers pay for other employee services such as health insurance benefits, paid time off, retirement plans, education, etc.
What Three Factors Make a Performance Appraisal Instrument Valid or Invalid?
Incomplete or inaccurate information, poor communication (lack of clarity) and rating errors
What Are the Factors That Organizations Have Shifted in Order to Attract Employees?
Increase employee self-control, increase bottom-up communications, emphasize intrinsic rewards, create more broadly defined job roles
What Is the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
Law that ended segregation in public places, and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
Which of the Demand Data Gathering Methods Are Statistical Techniques
Linear regression, multiple linear regression, productivity ratios, trend analysis, stochastic analysis
What Is a Trade Association?
Local labor organization
What Is the Purpose of the Civil Rights Act?
Makes it unlawful to refuse to recruit or hire an individual based on the individual's race, color, national origin, religion, or sex
Which of the Demand Data Gathering Methods Are Judgmental Techniques
Managerial estimate, Delphi technique, nominal grouping technique
Content Validity
Method used to confirm that a selection test measures what it is intended to measure by comparing the test to the job description (knowledge, skills, and abilities required to complete a job).
What Is Variable Compensation?
Monies given to link employee pay to employee and organizational performance
What Is the Key Factor in Distinguishing Indirect Form of Compensation?
No cash is provided directly to the employee (no cash in hand)
What Is a "Stock Option"?
Opportunity for a manager to buy an organization's stock at a later date, but at a price established when the option is granted
What Are the 3 Levels of Needs Assessment Associated with the ADDIE Model?
Organizational, Task, and Personal
What Is a "Cash Plan"?
Payment of profit shares at regular intervals, typically monthly or yearly
What Is a Peer-appraisal?
Peer appraisals allow teammates to offer feedback on the performance of those with whom they work; these appear valuable when superiors lack access to some aspects of the subordinate's performance. Peer appraisal can be very useful for self-managed teams, when teamwork and participation are part of the organizational culture.
Baby Boomers
People born between 1946 and 1964; in general, they greatly value loyalty, financial security, stability, and a positive work ethic.
Generation X
People born between 1965 and 1980 who are typically well-positioned within their careers and find value in organizations that are stable, provide flexibility to define work arrangements (such as telecommuting), offer child care and elder care benefits, and promote work/life balance that allows employees to enjoy life now instead of waiting for retirement.
Millennials
People born between 1980 and 2000, considered to value being recognized for their individual contributions within a team. They generally look for: work that is productive and meaningful—not grunt work; leading-edge, innovative technology that supports their current usage of information sharing; the ability to receive continuing education; the opportunity to voice opinions on workplace situations; and workplace flexibility in scheduling, dress/attire and work arrangements. They are especially resistant to authority due to cynicism regarding managerial decisions.
What Is the Relationship Between Performance Appraisal Systems and Compensation and Training and Development?
Performance appraisal (part of performance management) drives salary increases as well placement decisions
What Is Straight Ranking?
Performance appraisal method in which a superior lists the subordinates in order from best to worst, usually on the basis of overall performance
What Is Alternative Ranking?
Performance appraisal method in which the first step is to put the best subordinate at the head of the list and the worst subordinate at the bottom, usually on the basis of overall performance; then the superior selects the best and worst from the remaining subordinates, repeating until all are ranked
What Is Paired Comparisons?
Performance appraisal method that compares each employee to another, two at a time on a single standard, to determine which is better; then, a rank order can be obtained by counting the number of times each individual is selected as the better of a pair. The subordinate with the most favorable comparisons is thus ranked in the first place. The subordinate with the second-greatest number of favorable comparisons is ranked second
What Are the 4 Steps (Phases) in the HR Planning Process?
Phase 1: Developing Data. Phase 2: Establishing HR Objectives and Polices. Phase 3: HR Programming. Phase 4: HRP Control and Evaluation.
What Actions Are Involved in Reduction Planning to Maintain Dignity and Morale?
Planning should be outplacement counseling, buy-outs, job skill retraining, and job transfers.
Essential Functions
The fundamental job duties of a position.
What Is An Implied Contract?
Promise based on an employer's words or actions.
What Is the Purpose of the Family and Medical Leave Act?
Provides 12 weeks of unpaid leave to an employee with a serious health condition, to take care of a family member with a serious health condition, or for adding a child to the family; requires employer to return the employee to same or similar job position.
Cash Plan
Provides for payment of profit shares at regular intervals.
ROI
ROI stands for return on investment, a performance measure of the benefit resulting from an investment of a resource.
Race and Color
Race and color are protected categories under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. They include ancestry, physical characteristics, race-associated illnesses, culture, perception of race, skin tone, and so on.
What Is Actual Criteria?
The measurable factors that constitute a successful person, excluding bias and deficiency in the selection process.
Direct Compensation
The money paid directly to employees in exchange for their work, including wages, salaries, bonuses, commissions, and tips.
What Is Ethics?
The moral principles and values that an individual uses to decide whether an action is appropriate
Strengths
Strengths are a company's core competencies, abilities, and capacities that give it an advantage when meeting the needs of target customers.
What Does the Acronym SWOT Stand For?
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats
What Are the Supply Forecasting Methods?
Succession Planning and Replacement Planning
Succession Planning
Succession planning tends to be long-term, developmental, and flexible. Although succession planning is widely practiced, many employers who use it tend to emphasize characteristics of the managers and downplay characteristics of the positions to which the managers may eventually be promoted.
Total Compensation
Sum of all direct compensation (such as salary, bonus, commission) and indirect benefits (such as insurance, paid time off, retirement plans) that an employee receives from an employer.
What Is Job Matching?
Systematic effort to identify people's KSAs (knowledge, skills, and abilities) and match them to job openings
What Is An Educational Institution?
Technical school, 2 or 4 year college through which candidates may gain internships (paid or unpaid), direct referral, or on-campus interviews from employers
Technology
Technology is the equipment and knowledge used to produce goods and services. The exact meaning of technology varies widely among industries and fields.
What Is "Transfer of Training"?
The ability to take what is learned in the classroom and apply it back on the job
What Is the Relationship Between Recruiting and Selection?
The more effective the recruiting, the greater the likelihood that selection will find suitable candidates for hire.
Managerial Estimates
The most common method of estimating HR demand. Managerial estimates are typically made by top management (a top-down approach).
Define "Reliability"
The consistency or stability of a selection instrument
Correlation Coefficient
The correlation coefficient reflects the stability of a test over time—the higher the coefficient of stability, the more reliable the measure.
Age Discrimination
The denial of rights or privileges or other unfair treatment of someone (an applicant or employee) because of age.
What Is Content Validity?
The extent to which an assessment is relevant to the content of the job
External Environment
The factors that organizations and their managers have no control over, such as legislation, changes in technology, competition, and so on.
Developing Data
The first phase of the process of human resources planning. Developing data includes inventories of the current workforce, projected future needs, and an understanding of what will be required to meet those needs.
What Is Title VII?
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a federal law that prohibits employers from discriminating against employees on the basis of sex, race, color, national origin, and religion. It generally applies to employers with 15 or more employees including federal, state, and local governments.
What Is the Role of Annual Bonuses in An Organization Compensation Philosophy?
To assist an organization in their strategic role to be more competitive
List the Ways That Human Resource Planning Helps Organizations
To consider the organization's future staffing needs and to help execute the organization's business strategy.
What Is the Purpose of Recruitment?
To generate a pool of potentially qualified applicants and to help organizations meet their legal and social responsibility
Why Is Transfer of Training Important?
Training servers no purpose if its not used back on the job
Background Checks
Used to verify job-related requirements of the applicant, background checks include reviewing items such as driving record, criminal record, credit history, and academic records.
What Are Background Checks?
Verification of job-related requirements of the applicant, including items such as driving record, credit history, and academic records
Weaknesses
Weaknesses are the limitations a firm faces when seeking to deliver value to customers.
Nation of Origin Employment Discrimination
When an employer commits nation of origin employment discrimination, it makes an unfair or harmful employment decision on the basis of where a person or their ancestors are from, or on the culture or people that a person associates with.
When Should Linear Regression Be Used Vs Multiple Linear Regression?
When you have one variable with which you are forecasting labor demand (need), use linear regression; more than one variable, use multiple.
What Is "Piecework"?
employees are guaranteed a standard pay rate for each unit of output, also called a piece rate
Strategic fit
refers to the degree to which an organization is able to match its internal resources and capabilities with opportunities in the external environment.
Deontological Theories
theories of ethics evaluate the rightness or wrongness of an action based on how well that action conforms to some rule or principle, regardless of the consequences.